Foundation of Japanese Buddhism: The aristocratic age

abbot Ālaya Amida aristocrats attain became believed bodhisattva Buddha Bukkyō century China Chinese concept consciousness death deities deva devotion dharmas dhism disciple doctrine Dōkyō early Emperor Emperor Shōmu Empress Enlightenment Ennin esoteric existence faith Fujiwara Gyōgi Heian period Hiei historical Buddha Hossō Imperial Indian individual Interdependent Japan Japanese Buddhism Jōjitsu kaidan Kamakura kami Kammu Kegon Kenkyū Kōyasan Kūkai Kusha Kyōto Lotus Sutra Mahāvairocana Mahāyāna mandala mappō master meditation mind monks mountain Nāgārjuna Nara Buddhism Nara period Nara Sects nature nembutsu Nirvana official ordination philosophy popular practice priests Prince Shōtoku Pure Land religion religious represented rites Ritsu Ritsuryō Ritsuryō government rituals role Saichō sangha Sanron Sarvāstivādins sentient Shingon Shingon sect Shinto Shōmu shrine Shugendō śīla Soga spirit stage sūtra symbolizing T'ien T'ai Taihan Taimitsu Tantric Tantrism teachings temple Tendai Tendai sect tion Tōdaiji Tōji Tōkyō transmission truth upāya vijñāna vinaya