Communitas: Means of Livelihood and Ways of LifeVintage Books, 1960 - 248 ページ The Goodman brothers see a "community plan" not as a layout of streets and houses, but as the external form of the activity going on. "It is more like a choreography of society in motion and in rest, an arrangement for society to live out its habits and ideals and do its work, directing itself or being directed." They examine in turn the three main types of plans which have emerged in the last hundred years, grouping them into three classes: the green belt, industrial plans, and integrated plans. The Goodmans turn then to their own, and they arrive at three completely different community formulas, with communities for efficient consumption, the elimination of the difference between production and consumption, and planned security with minimum regulation. The authors enjoy themselves working out the architectural implications of their double economy--the "production center" and minimal settlements of the subsistence economy. By the nature of their approach, they are forced to stray out of the field of town-planning into that of economics, with mixed results. However, all their suggestions release a speculative faculty in the reader's brain, and that may be the best approach to forward the building their idealized communities. |
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agriculture amenity American architecture Avenue beauty become Borsodi Broadacres Buckminster Fuller buildings Camillo Sitte capital central Collective farming community planning concentration consumed consumption cooperation Corbusier culture domestic Dymaxion house economy efficiency environment esthetic existing factories farm farmers freedom Fuller function Garden City green belt heavy industry highways housing human ideal industrial agriculture integration intentional communities invention Island kind KVUTZA labor land Le Corbusier LINEAL CITY LOUIS BLANC machine Manhattan manufacture mass million minimum modern moral Moscow munity nature neighborhoods Neo-Functionalism parks Percival Goodman physical planners political population principle problem production proposed Queensboro Bridge Radieuse Regional Plan residence residential rivers scheme schools slum social society space square Standard of Living streets style subsistence technical things tion tokonoma town traffic transportation urban values Ville Radieuse workers York zone