Movement Therapy in Hemiplegia: A Neurophysiological Approach

abduction abductor muscles activity affected arm affected hand affected limb affected side animal ankle associated reactions basic limb synergies biceps Brunnstrom cles components contraction cortical decerebrate dorsiflexion effort elbow extended elbow flexed elbow flexion electromyograms elicited evoked extensor muscles extensor synergy external rotation finger extension fist closure flexion reflex flexor and extensor flexor muscles flexor synergy foot forearm function gait gait analysis Head rotation hemiparesis hindlimbs hip flexion impulses influence inhibited knee flexion labyrinthine reflexes lower limb Magnus ment motion move muscular nervous system normal hand normal side observed passive patients with hemiplegia pectoralis major muscle performed physical therapist plantar plantar flexion posi posture prehension pronated proprioceptive quadriceps muscles range recovery stages resistance seen in Figure serratus anterior muscle Sherrington shoulder spasticity spinal stance phase stimulation stroke supine position swing phase synkinesis tension thumb tion tonic neck reflexes triceps trunk rotation upper limb voluntary walking wrist