them, "The Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", being the first of a series of papers on the subject of relativity. In the same year he received his doctorate for a thesis entitled "A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions."

From now on his promotion was rapid. In 1909 he was appointed extraordinary professor at Zürich, and in 1911 ordinary professor at Prague. He returned to Zürich as full professor in the following year, and in 1914 accepted a call to Berlin to become a member of the Berlin Academy and a professor at the University. In 1921 he received the Nobel prize.

Einstein's theories regarding time, space, and gravitation, supported as they are by very convincing experiments, will probably profoundly influence philosophic and perhaps religious thought. In their conception of a cosmos decidedly at variance with anything yet conceived by any school of philosophy they will attract the attention of thinking men in all countries. The scientist is immediately struck by the manner in which Einstein has utilized various discoveries in physics and mathematics to build up a coordinated system showing connecting links where heretofore none were perceived. The philosopher is equally fascinated with a theory, which, extremely complex in detail, shows a singular beauty of unity in design when viewed as a whole. The striking ideas propounded regarding time and space, the brilliant way in which the most universal property of matter, gravitation, is for the first time linked up with other properties of matter, and, above all, the experimental confirmation of several of his more startling predictions-always the finest test of scientific merit- stamp Einstein as one of those super

men who from time to time are sent to us to give us a peep into the beyond.

8. T. M. C. Asser

Tobias Michael Carel Asser was born April 28, 1838; he was educated at Amsterdam and at Leiden. He received the degree of Doctor of Laws at the University of Leiden in 1860. In 1875 he was appointed official adviser to the Department of Foreign Affairs, and in 1893 became a member of the Council of State. He was the author of a number of important works on economics and law. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (with A. H. Fried) in 1911. He died July 29, 1913.

9. ALFRED H. FRIED

Alfred H. Fried was born in Vienna, November 11, 1864, At the age of nineteen he went to Berlin and wrote for periodicals. In 1891 he began his life work as a propagandist for international peace, and founded in 1892 the German Peace Society. He wrote many books, among which are the following: The Peace Catechism (1895); AlsaceLorraine and the War (1895); What Can the St. Petersburgh Peace Conference Accomplish? (1900); Under the White Flags (1091); The Peace Movement in Germany (1903); The Burden of Armed Peace and the War to Come (1902); Handbook of the Peace Movement (1905); Neither Sedan nor Jena (1904); The Problem of Disarmament (1904); The Modern Arbitration Movement (1904); The Objective of the Peace Movement and What It Has Accomplished (1905); The Modern Peace Movement (1906); The First

Hague Conference (1907); Bertha von Suttner (1908); The Modern Peace Movement and France (1908); Internationalism and Patriotism (1908); The Kaiser and World Peace (1910).

He founded and was the editor of the monthly magazine Die Friedensworte, published at Vienna and Berlin. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (with T. M. C. Asser) in 1911. From 1912 until 1917 he was special correspondent, in Austria, of the Division of Intercourse and Education of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. He died in 1921.

A CLASSIFIED LIST OF STANDARD BOOKS

IN ENGLISH ON JEWISH SUBJECTS

BY I. GEORGE DOBSEVAGE

THE following is a classified selection of books on Jewish subjects in the English language. The titles have been chosen from several thousands of books published mainly within the last few decades. They are thus obtainable either from publisher or bookseller. Many "out-ofprint" books have been listed because of their intrinsic importance, and are, as a rule, to be found in good libraries. In a selection of several hundred titles, some books may have been included which other compilers would omit, while some were omitted which others would include. Care has been taken to make the selection representative. This list does not include purely scientific books which would interest specialists only.

This classification does not divide the list into too many bibliographical subdivisions. It aims rather at an arrangement under headings which might readily suggest themselves to the lay reader. This grouping connects cognate topics and analagous subjects. Thus under" BIBLE AND BIBLICAL LITERATURE", were grouped Apocrypha, Handbooks, Dictionaries, Concordances, Criticism, Exegesis, and Introductions; but Bible Readers and Biblical Works for children were listed under “JUVENILE LITERATURE", and Biblical History under the general heading of "HISTORY". Under "RABBINICAL LITERATURE AND Law". it was thought expedient to include not only specific works on the Talmud but the cogn te rabbinical literature, Kabbalah, and Jewish jurisprudence. Under "JUVENnile LiteraturE" were included books which could be used by children at home or in religious schools, and this list was supplemented by a considerable group of available plays 'intended primarily for presentation on holidays and special occasions. The demand for such plays makes their inclusion desirable. There was no room for critical annotations, in most cases the titles and their position in the classification are deemed sufficient.

Translations, as a rule, are given under the name of the author, without reference to the translator.

Though the present list contains titles of books on every phase of Jewish history, life and, thought,. it, nevertheless, suggests the paucity of Jewish books in English on many Jewish subjects, and emphasizes the need of books still to be produced by Jewish scholars if Jewish literature is really to be adequately represented in all departments. The Jewish Publication Society of America, conscious of this need, has planned to fill the gap partly with the carefully thought out series of twenty-five volumes of Jewish Classics with text and translation on opposite pages. Its projected standard Jewish Commentary on the Holy Scriptures will equally prove a welcome addition. It has announced its intention to publish biographies of Jewish worthies, a series of books on historical communities, Jewish movements, and helps to the Bible.

There is need of a good English translation of the Talmud, of a comprehensive brief Jewish history, and of a history of the Jews of America. The problem of Jewish text-books for school use, though receiving the attention of a number of Jewish educational agencies, is still in an embryonic stage. There is no book of consequence dealing with Jews and art. In the field of Belle Lettres there is room for several great novels depicting Jewish history or modern life.

This list does not include reference works like the JEWISH ENCYCLOPÈDIA, in twelve volumes, which is a treasure-house of information covering every phase of Jewish history, life, literature, and thought, though a revised edition of the Encyclopedia would be welcome, and a handy Jewish Encyclopedia in one or two volumes is even more urgently wanted. The little volume by Joseph Jacobs entitled "The Jewish Encyclopedia, a Guide to Its Contents" facilitates the systematic use of the Jewish Encyclopedia in its very varied sections. Hebrew texts of the Bible are not included, though a carefully edited text similar to that of Kittel should be in every collection. As the literature on Palestine is very extensive, the list is confined to more or less recent books, while only a selection of the publications of the Palestine Exploration Fund was given.

Libraries of schools and institutions would do well to have complete files of such publications as the American Jewish Year Book, the