was repeatedly kissed by the poor creatures who crowded round her, and cried and sobbed at her departure. She was the only one who preserved her equanimity.

By a refinement of torture, she had been released from the Abbaye only to be re-arrested that same hour. At the Pélagie, only a thin partition separated her from low assassins and depraved women, foul language and revolting No serious accusation could be made spectacles being ever present to her against the great citoyenne, but her senses and imagination. condemnation was a foregone conclu

tined.

It was here that she wrote her mar-sion. After an eloquent defence from vellous and unique memoirs, in which her, she was sentenced to be guilloshe described her infancy, life, and the political career of her husband, and comments on the fate of France, her friends, and the prisoners around her. These wonderful memoirs were written in twenty-two days, and were entirely without revision on her part.

Her good friend Bosc took the leaves of the precious manuscript from time to time, and hid them in the hollow of a tree in the forest of Montmorency. It was Bosc who took charge of Madame Roland's only child Eudora, who eventually married the son of her mother's other devoted friend Champagneux. It was Bosc who dissuaded Madame Roland from suicide. It was he who followed the cart which conveyed her to the guillotine. It was he who wrote the preface to her memoirs, the profits of the sale of which he reserved for Eudora Roland.

At a quarter past four on the afternoon of the 9th of November, 1793, she was taken to the scaffold. In the same cart with her was Lamarque the forger, who displayed the most abject terror at the thought of death. Ever kind to suffering humanity, whether deserving or not, she pitied and consoled him, and even succeeded in making him smile faintly several times, so that he was enabled to meet his doom with a certain amount of fortitude.

At the scaffold, she requested Sanson to allow her companion to be executed first, in order to spare him the sight of her blood, and when he demurred, she said smilingly: "Come, you cannot refuse the last request of a lady!" and Sanson gave way.

On going herself up to the executioner, her eyes fell upon the gi

Champagneux wrote the preface to gantic statue of Liberty, when she the second edition. The original man-exclaimed : uscript is now in the Bibliothèque Impériale in Paris.

In prison the mother wrote to her young daughter: "My example will remain to thee, and I feel it is a rich inheritance."

“O, Liberty! what crimes are committed in thy name!"

It was rightly said of her, "All was in tune, nothing was imperfect in this celebrated woman; she was not only the strongest character, but the truest of our Revolution."

Roland committed suicide on hearing of his wife's death.

Buzot died of want and starvation after several miserable months of hid

At the dreadful and squalid prison of the Conciergerie, to which she was taken just before her death, she exercised the same wonderful spell over the prisoners as at the Pélagie and the Abbaye. Her mere presence pacified ing. tumults and disorder. When sum- His miniature, "this dear picture," moned to the usual mock trial before was found as late as 1863, on the the Revolutionary Tribunal, she dressed herself carefully in white. Her beautiful dark hair hung down her back, and her complexion appeared ravishing, in spite of the months of confinement she had experienced. When she descended into the courtyard, her hand

ground, amongst a lot of vegetables at a greengrocer's open stall in the Marché des Batignolles. It was dreadfully dilapidated, but on the removal of the painting, a piece of paper covered with the fine writing of Madame Roland, was found containing a short his

1

tory of Buzot's life, which she had | ture of mica; whilst the latter has a written in prison. similar structure and texture, but with "Buzot will live in the remembrance the orthoclase or potash-felspar of a of men of worth," she wrote; but that white instead of a red color. Both which chiefly commends him to the varieties of granite have a medium notice of posterity is the fact that he grain, take a fine polish, and whilst was beloved by the great and good admirably suited for ornamental purMadame Roland. poses, are eminently serviceable in the arts owing to their durability and strength.

M. DALE.

From Chambers' Journal.
ITALIAN GRANITE.

The principal quarries are situated on the western shore of Lago Maggiore, whose scenery is well known to all lovers of the picturesque. A feaITALIAN marble has long been ture of interest is the mode of working known in this country, and the trade adopted, which consists in detaching carried on in its import has attained to enormous masses of granite by huge considerable dimensions; whilst, curi- blasts. At the Monte Grassi quarry, in ously enough, the granite resources of 1885, a charge of six tons of gunpowItaly have for some reason been almost der was fired by electricity; whilst four entirely overlooked, and Italian granite months later, a similar blast, with eight has remained to the present day almost and a half tons of the same explosive, entirely ignored in the United King- was carried out. It was, however, in dom. Under these circumstances, the the autumn of 1886 that a monster attempts now being made to place Ital-blast was executed, when seventeen ian granite on the British markets, and tons of blasting-powder and half a ton to render it a commercial and eco- of Nobel dynamite were exploded nomic success, call forth considerable simultaneously, displacing something interest, and have induced us to lay like five hundred thousand cubic yards before our readers some succinct ac- of granite; while some twenty or count of what may with justice almost thirty blocks, ranging from one thoube described as a new product in our sand to six thousand five hundred industries, together with some brief cubic yards each, were carried fully notes of its mode of occurrence in three hundred yards by the explosion. Italy and the methods in which it is So much interest attached to these quarried and worked. phenomenal blasts, that in the interThe most important seat of the gran-ests of science the Italian ministry of ite industry in Italy is the group of war deputed a major of engineers to quarries in the province of Novaro, be present and to fully report thereon. situated around Baveno and Alzo. The position of this quarry on a Here not only is the quarrying of the mountain side attaining an altitude of granite carried on, but the turning, about two thousand feet is particularly polishing, and general execution of all advantageous, as the material descends work in connection with the finished by the action of gravity to the finishing product is also performed. The gran- and polishing works below, whence it ite of the district is of two distinct passes to the harbor adjoining the classes- red and white or grey gran- works, and is shipped to its destinaite. The former, according to a report | tion. by Professor James Geikic— who has,

Another famous quarry in this disafter a careful megascopic and micro-trict is the white quarry of Alzo, situscopic examination, pronounced an ated on the western shore of Lago opinion on the rocks which form the d'Orta, a small lake some nine miles in subject of this article is composed in a westerly direction from Lago Magnearly equal proportions of felspar and giore. This granite takes a high polquartz, with a relatively small admix-ish, is that employed in the construction

of the docks at Spezzia, as well as in with the working of Italian granite is the famous St. Gothard Tunnel. A the cheap cost of production. Wages brief examination of old buildings in are low in northern Italy, and the the district bears abundant testimony to the durability of the granite under consideration.

wants of the workers being few and the necessaries of life cheap, both skilled and unskilled labor is readily obtainable at lesser rates than rule in other granite-producing countries.

Viewing the cheapness of labor, the unlimited stores of granite, and the easy methods of transport by means of water, there appears little doubt that Italian granite will ere long force its way to the front, and by enabling all persons in this country to obtain supplies of an unequalled building material at low rates, will confer lasting

No better evidence of the power of Italian granite to resist the ravages of time can be adduced than by mentioning the famous palace on the "Isola Bella," which was erected in the sixteenth century by Cardinal Borromeo with granite from Monte Grassi. This spot forms a favorite resort of tourists in north Italy; and the material of the old palace, though exposed for over three centuries to the great extremes of heat and cold here found, exhibits benefits on architectural engineering no signs of weathering or decay. and kindred industries, and through

A feature of interest in connection these on the public generally.

came incurably insane, the type of their
insanity resembling very closely senile
dementia. The cold was probably not
alone responsible for these effects, for a
zero temperature is rather stimulating than'
paralyzing in its action upon the well fed
and the healthy. These men
were half
starved, poorly clad, worn out with long
marching, many already weakened by dys-
entery and other diseases, and all mentally
depressed, as an army in defeat always is.
It needed, therefore, no very unusual de-
gree of cold to produce the psychic effects
observed under other circumstances only
as a consequence of exposure to an extreme
low temperature.
Medical Record,

THE EFFECTS OF INTENSE COLD UPON | Others showed more pronounced symptoms THE MIND. Extreme cold, as is well of mental disturbance, and not a few beknown, exerts a benumbing influence upon the mental faculties. Almost every one who has been exposed, for a longer or shorter period, to a very low temperature has noted a diminution in will power, and often a temporary weakening of the memory. Perhaps the largest scale upon which this action has ever been studied was during the retreat of the French from Moscow. The troops suffered extremely from hunger, fatigue, and cold- from the latter perhaps most of all. A German physician who accompanied a detachment of his countrymen has left an interesting account of their trials during this retreat. From an abstract of this paper by Dr. Rose, in the New Yorker Medicinische Monatschrift, we find that of the earliest symptoms referable to the cold was a loss of memory. This was noted in the strong as well as those who were already suffering from the effects of the hardships to which they had been exposed. With the first appearance of a moderately low temperature (about five degrees above zero Fahrenheit), many of the soldiers were found to have forgotten the names of the most ordinary things about them, as well as those of the articles of food, for the want of which they were perishing. Many forgot their own names and those of their comrades.

PAPER DUTY ABOLISHED. What demand there may be for production of litera ture in Jamaica, or what effect may be expected, we know not, but are glad to see that in that island the duty on printing paper, formerly twelve and a half per cent., has been abolished, as well as all duty levied on writing or wrapping paper. hope the change will mark an epoch in the progress of the old colony which has so interesting a history.

We

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I yet, in the tree-shaded path, hear the Is suddenly arrested by detectives from the

But he said to me wonderful, wonderful And persons in the Argosy for gold in

His eyes, that are like the skies over us, Or interview physicians brought to light

As he beams on his mistress, the earth, in "Here lies a man who perished from too