959. Danish Kings of England. -- 11 EDWI fucceeded 12 EDGAR built his Uncle Edred, and and rebuilt about SWEN OTTO, King of Dendied without Iffue, 48 pious Houfes, mark, who finding that Eby the Direction thelred neglected his Fleet, of St. Dunstan, allowed his Danes to invade Grand Matter, and feveral more expert England every Year, and Mafters. He alfo rigg'd out a good they left many Lod Navy, which prevented the Invafions Danes, to opprefs the poor of the Danes, and died 975. 13 EDWARD Junior, 14 ETH E LRED call'd the Martyr, di-II. was always died without Iffue 979 ftreffed by the Danes, and contrived their Maffacre, A. D. 1002. ETHELRED, upon the Death of Swen Otto, returned, but died inglorious 1016. By his first Wife he had 16 EDMUND II. Iron-By his 2d Wife fides reigned in the Ethelred had Weft till murder'd, | ~ English. But hearing of the 1013 1014 17 CANUTUsor Knut Magnus, after the Death of King EDMUND Ironfides, was crown'd King of all England, A. D. 1017. He built the Abby of St. Edmund's-Bury, and A. D. 1017. Father of 20. EDWARD died-1036. Father of Prince the K 18 HA Danish Kings of England. Saton Kings of England. Prince Edward who who fucceeded 18 HAROLD I. 19 HA Rdied at London 1057. King Hardy-Harefoot, King DY-KNUT, Knut in the of England, di- King of Prince Ed- MARGA Throne of En-ed without If-England,the gar Atheling RET, Wife gland, 1041. fue. A.D.1039. laft of the died without of MA L-He collected Iffue. Danish race, COLM Kean- the Saxon Laws died without Iffue, A. D. more, King in a Body. of Scotland. In his Reign 1041. Arts and Sciences flourish'd. Leofrick the Wealthy Earl of Coventry, at the Head of the Free Mafons, built the Abby of Coventry, and Others built 12 more pious Houses. The King rebuilt Westminster-Abby, tho' not as it now ftands, and died without Iffue on 5 Jan. 106, when the Nobles and People chofe, 21. HAROLD II. Son of Earl Goodwin, who reign'd nine Months, even till WILLIAM the Bastard, the Duke of Normandy, flew Harold bravely fighting in the Battle of Haftings in Suffex, where the English were totally routed by the Normans, on the 14th of October, A. D. 1066. In the vulgar Year of Masonry 5066. After Hengift's Arrival 617. After the End of the Heptarchy, 236. As for the Danes, having no Princely Head, They had submitted to the Saxon Kings, and daily lofing their Genealogy, They were gradually blended with the Anglo-Saxons, having much the fame Language. CHAP. CHA P. III. MASONRY in England from WILLIAM the Conqueror to King HENRY IV. appointed Gundulph Bishop of Rochester, Roger de Montgomery Earl of Shrewsbury and Arundel, and other good Architects, to be at the Head of the Fellow Crafts, firft in civil and military Architecture, building for the King the Tower of London, and the Caftles of Dover, Exeter, Winchester, Warwick, Hereford, Stafford, York, Durham, and New-Caftle upon Tine; whereby the proud Normans bridled the English. Next in facred Architecture, building Battle-Abby near Haft. ings, in memory of his Conqueft, St. Saviour's Southwark, and 9 more pious Houses; while Others built 42 fuch, and 5 Cathedrals. The King brought many expert Mafons from France, and died in Normandy, A. D. 1087. 2. WILLIAM II. Rufus, fucceeded f 3. HENRY I, Beau Clerc, his Father, and employ'd his Archi-born at Selby in Yorkshire, tects and Craftsmen in building a new fucceeded Brother William, Wall round the Tower, and in rebuild- tho' the eldest Brother Roing London-Bridge; and by Advice bert Duke of Normandy, of his Grand Lodge of Masters, He was alive. built the Great Palace of Westminster, Now the Norman Ba with large Westminster-Hall, 270 Foot tons, perceiving their great long, and 74 Foot broad, the largest Poffeffions in England deone Room upon Earth; and 4 pi-pended only on Royal Pleaous Houses, while Others built 28 fure; and finding the Laws fuch. He died without Iffue, A. D. of the Anglo-Saxons to be better for fecuring Property than the Laws of K 2 1100. Normandy; Normandy; the Romans began to call themfelves ENGLISHMEN, to affert the Saxon-Rights, and prevail'd with this King to grant them the first agna Charta, or larger Paper and Deed of Rights in this firit Year of his Reign, A. D. 1100. This King built the great Palace of Woodstock, and a little one at Oxford to converfe with the Learned, and 14 pious Houses, while Others built about 100 fuch, befides many fine Manfions. He died A. D. 1135. fucceeded by his Nephew, viz. King HENRY I. by 4. STEPHEN, Count of Boulloign, Son of his Wife MA UDADELA Daughter of William the Conqueror, (Daughter of MAL- by the Power of the Clergy. During the COLM Keanmore King Civil Wars between him and MAUD the Emof Scotland by his prefs, the Nobles and Gentry, being courted Wife MARGARET by both, laid hold of the Occafion to build the Saxon Heirefs of about 1100 Caftles, that proved afterwards England) left only a very convenient for them in the Barons Daughter viz. Wars; fo that the Mafons were as much employ'd as the Soldiers, under their MAUD the Empress, and after Gilbert de Clare Marquis who next married of Pembroke, by whom the King built 4 Geoffrey Plantagenet Abbies and 2 Nunneries, with St. SteCount of Anjou, A.D. phen's Chapel in the Palace of Westminster : While Others built about 90 pious Houses. King Stephen died without Iffue Male, 1127. 1154. A. She came over, tho' too late, to affert her Claim (to which her the laft of the 24. D. Father had fworn the Royal Normans. whole Kingdom, even Stephen alfo) and Years. fought like a brave Heroine; but refufing to confirm Magna Charta, fhe was deferted: And her best Friends dying, fhe was forced to return to Anjou, A. D. 1147. But her Son HENRY came over and afferted his Claim, till King Stephen agreed that Henry fhould fucceed him, Accordingly, when Stephen died, The The PLANTAGENETS of Anjou commenced, viz. 1. HENRY II. Plantagenet, Count of Anjou became King of England, A.D. 1154, who fortify'd fome Castles against the Welch and Scots, built fome little Palaces, and 10 pious Houses, while Others built about 100 fuch. The Grand Master of the Knights Templars erected their Society and built their Temple in Fleetstreet, London. The King died A. D. 1189. 2. RICHARD I. much abroad, died without Iffue 1199; yet in this Reign about 20 pious Houses were built. 3. King JOHN fucceeded Brother Richard, and first made his Chaplain Peter de Cole-Church Gand Hafter of the Mafons in rebuilding London-Bridge of Stone, which was finifh'd by the next Master William Almain, A. D. 1209. Next Deter de Rupibus Bifhop of Winchester was Gand after, and under him Geoffrey Fitz Peter was chief Surveyor or Deputy Grand Mafter, who built much for the King; while Others built about 40 pious Houfes. The King died A. D. 1216, fucceeded by his Son, 4. HENRY III. a Minor of nine Years. When Peter de Rupibus, the old Grand Mafter, came to be the King's Guardian, he levell'd the Footstone of Westminster Abby, in that Part call'd Solomon's Porch, A. D. 1220. PETER Count of Savoy (Brother of the Queen's Mother) built the Palace of Savoy in the Strand London: And John Balliol, Lord of Bernard Castle in Durham, (Father of JOHN King of Scotland) founded Balliol College in Oxford. The Templars built their Domus Dei at Dover, and Others built 32 pious Houfes. The King died A. D. 1272. 5. EDWARD I. being deeply engaged in Wars, left the Craft to the Care of feveral fucceffive Grand Masters, as Walter Giffad Archbishop of York, Gilbert de Clare Earl of Glocester, and Ralph Lord of Mount Hermer, the Progenitor of the Montagues; and by these the King fortify'd many Castles, especially against the |