Swift as the hurt'd on high jerreed. Jerreed, or Djerrid, a blunted Turkish javelin, [p. 59.1 which is darted from horseback with great force and precision. It is a favourite exercise of the Mussulmans; but I know not if it can be called manly one, since the most expert in the art are the black Eunuchs of Constantinople-I think, next to these, a Mamlouk at Smyrna was the most skilfui that came within my observation. in He came, he went, like the Simoon. The blast of the desert, fatal to every thing [p. 59. iving, and often alluded to in eastern poetry. To bless the sacred "bread and salt." IM To partake of food, to break bread and salt [p. 60. ith your, host, insures the safety of the guest; ven though an enemy, his person from that oment is sacred.

ince his turban was cleft by the infidel's sabre. I need hardly observe, that Charity and Hos[p. 60. tality are the first duties enjoined by Mahomet; nd to say truth, very generally practised by disciples. The first praise that can be belowed on a chief is a panegyric on his bounty; e next, on his valour.

And silver-sheathed ataghan. The ataghan, a long dagger worn with pistols [p. 60. the belt, in a metal scabbard, generally of silver; ad, among the wealthier, gilt, or of gold.

An Emir by his garb of green. Green is the privileged colour of the prophet's [P 60. umerous pretended descendants; with them, as ere, faith (the family inheritance) is supposed o supersede the necessity of good works: they ire the worst of a very indifferent brood.

Ho! who art thou?-this low salam. Salam aleikoum! aleikoum salam! peace be [p. 60. ith you; be with you peace-the salutation reserved for the faithful:-to a Christian, "Urlarula," a good journey; or saban hiresem, saban serula; good morn, good even; and sometimes, "may your end be happy;" are the usual salutes.

The insect-queen of eastern spring. The blue-winged butterfly of Kashmeer, the [p. 60. most rare and beautiful of the species.

Or live like acorpion girt by fire. Alluding to the dubious suicide of the scorpion, (p. 61. o placed for experiment by gentle philosophers. Some maintain that the position of the sting, when, turned towards the head, is merely a convulsive, movement; but others have actually brought in the verdict "Felo de se." The scorplons are surely interested in a speedy decision of the question; as, if once fairly established as insect-Catos, they will probably be allowed to lue as long as they think proper, without being martyred for the sake of an hypothesis.

When Rhamazan's last sun was net.
The cannon at sunset close the Rhamazan.
(p. 61.

By pale Phingari's trembling light. Phingari, the moon.

[p. 61.

Bright as the jewel of Giamschid. The celebrated fabulous ruby of Sultan Giam[p. 61. schid, the embellisher of Istakhar; from its splendour, named Schebgerag, "the torch night; also, the "cup of the sun,"In the of first editions Giamschid" was written as a word of three syllables, so D'Herbelot has it; but I am told Richardson reduces it to a dissyllable, and writes "Jamshid." I have left in the text the orthography of the one with the pronunciation of the other.

729

[p. 61.

Though on Al-Sirat's arch I stood. thread of a famished spider, over which the Al-Sirat, the bridge of breadth less than the Mussulmans must skate into Paradise, to which it is the only entrance; but this is not the worst, the river beneath being hell itself, into which, as may be expected, the unskilful and tender of foot contrive to tumble with a "facilis descensus Averni, not very pleasing in prospect to the next passenger. There is a shorter cut downwards for the Jews and Christians.

"

And keep that portion of his creed.
A vulgar error; the Koran allots at least a
[p. 61.
by far the greater number of Mussulmans inter-
third of Paradise to well-behaved women; but
pret the text their own way, and exclude their
moieties from heaven. Being enemies to Plato-
nics, they cannot discern "any fitness of things"
be superseded by the Houris.
in the souls of the other sex, conceiving them to

The young pomegranate's blossoms strew. [p. 61.
though fairly stolen, be deemed "plus Arabe
An oriental simile, which may
qu'en Arabie."
perhaps,

Her hair in hyacinthine flow.
Hyacinthine, in Arabic, "Sunbul," as common
[p. 61.
the Greeks.
a thought in the eastern poets as it was among

The loveliest bird of Franguestan. "Franguestan," Circassia.

[p. 61.

[p. 62.

Bismillah! now the peril's past. mencement of all the chapters of the Koran but Bismillah-"In the name of God;" the comone, and of prayer and thanksgiving.

Then curl'd his very beard with ire. Mussulman. In 1809, the Capitan Pacha's whisA phenomenon not uncommon with an angry [p. 62. kers at a diplomatic audience were no less lively with indignation than a tiger-cat's, to the horror of all the dragomans; the portentous mustachios twisted, they stood erect of their own accord, and were expected every moment to change their colour, but at last condescended to subside, tained hairs. which probably saved more heads than they con

Nor raised the craven cry, Amaun! "Amaun," quarter, pardon.

I know him by the evil eye.

(p. 62.

Levant, and of which the imaginary effects are The "evil eye," a common superstition in the (p. 62. yet very singular on those who conceive themselves affected.

A fragment of his palampore. sons of rank. The flowered shawls generally worn by per[p. 63.

His calpac rent-his caftan red. The "Calpac" is the solid cap or centre-part [p. 63. of the head-dress; the shawl is wound round it, and forms the turban.

A turban carved in coarsest stone.
The turban, pillar, and inscriptive verse, de-
(p. 63.
the cemetery or the wilderness.
corate the tombs of the Osmanlies, whether in
tains you frequently pass similar mementos; and
In the moun-
some victim of rebellion, plunder, or revenge.
on enquiry you are informed that they record

At solemn sound of "Alla Hu!"
zin's call to prayer from the highest gallery on
"Alla Hu!" the concluding words of the Muez-
(p. 63.
the exterior of the Minaret. On a still evening,
when the Muezzin has a fiue voice, which is

frequently the case, the effect is solemn and | Turkish, Italian, and English were all exercised, beautiful beyond all the bells in Christendom.

They come their kerchiefs green they wave. [p. 63. The following is part of a battle-song of the Turks:-"I see-I see a dark-eyed girl of Paradise, and she waves a handkerchief, a kerchief of green; and cries aloud: Come, kiss me, for I

love thee."

Beneath avenging Monkir's scythe. [p. 63. Monkir and Nekir are the inquisitors of the dead, before whom the corpse undergoes a slight noviciate and preparatory training for damnation. If the answers are none of the clearest, he is hauled up with a scythe and thumped down with a red hot mace till properly seasoned, with a variety of subsidiary probations. The office of these angels is no sinecure; there are but two, and the number of orthodox deceased being in a small proportion to the remainder, their hands are always full.

To wander round lost Eblis' throne. Eblis, the oriental Prince of Darkness.

in various conceits, upon the unfortunate Mes sulman. While we were contemplating the bean

tiful prospect, Dervish was occupied about the columns. I thought he was deranged into a antiquarian, and asked him if he had become a "Palaocastro" man: "No," said he, "but thes pillars will be useful in making a stand;" and added other remarks, which at least evinced hi own belief in his troublesome faculty of

hearing. On our return to Athens, we heard from Leone (a prisoner set ashore some day after) of the intended attack of the Main mentioned, with the cause of its not ta place, in the notes to Childe Harold, Cassà he described the dresses, arms, and mare d was at some pains to question the man the horses of our party so accurately, that, wit other circumstances, we could not doubt of having been in "villanous company," and o selves in a bad neighbourhood. Dervish becane a soothsayer for life, and I dare say is hearing more musquetry than ever will be fired. to the great refreshment of the Arnauts of Be[p. 63. rat, and his native mountains.-I shall meria one trait more of this singular race. In March 1811 a remarkably stout and active Anast came (I believe the 50th on the same errand offer himself as an attendant, which was decke ed: "Well, Affendi," quoth he, "may you

But first, on earth as Vampire sent. [p. 63. The Vampire superstition is still general in the Levant. Honest Tournefort tells a long story, which Mr. Southey, in the notes on Tha--you would have found me useful. I Jaba, quotes about these "Vroucolochas," as he calls them. The Romaic term is "Vardonlacha." I recollect a whole family being terrified by the scream of a child, which they imagined must proceed from such a visitation. The Greeks never mention the word without horror. I find that "Broucolokas is an old legitimate Hellenic appellation-at least is so applied to Arsenius, who, according to the Greeks, was after his death animated by the Devil. The moderns, however, use the word I mention.

leave the town for the hills to-morrow; in me winter I return, perhaps you will then receive me."-Dervish, who was present, remarked usi thing of course, and of no consequence, is the mean time he will join the Klephtes" (robber which was true to the letter.-If not cut they come down in the winter, and pass it t molested in some town, were they are often w well known as their exploits.

Looks not to priesthood for relief. • [p The monk's sermon is omitted. It seem t have had so little effect upon the patient. it could have no hopes from the reader. It be sufficient to say, that it was of a customary length (as may be perceived from the interr tions and uneasiness of the penitent), and delivered in the nasal tone of all erthei preachers.

And shining in her white symar. "Symar"-shroud.

This broken tale was all we knew

Deep in whose darkly boding_ear. [p. 66. Of her he loved or him he slew. This superstition of a second-hearing (for I The circumstance to which the above stary never met with downright second-sight in the relates was not very uncommon in Turker East) fell once under my own observation.-On few years ago the wife of Muchtar Pacha co my third journey to Cape Colonna, early in 1811, plained to his father of his son's supposed inf as we passed through the defile that leads from delity; he asked with whom, and she had the the hamlet between Keratia and Colonna, I ob- barbarity to give in a list of the twelve band served Dervish Tahiri riding rather out of the somest women in Yanina. They were seized path, and leaning his head upon his hand, as if fastened up in sacks, and drowned the pr in pain. I rode up and inquired. "We are in night! One of the guards who was present i peril," he answered. "What peril? we are not formed me, that not one of the victims uttered now in Albania, nor in the passes to Ephesus, a cry, or showed a symptom of terror at s Messalunghi, or Lepanto; there are plenty of den a "wrench from all we know, from all ** us, well armed, and the Choriates have not cou- love." The fate of Phrosine, the fairest of the rage to be thieves." "True, Affendi; but never-sacrifice, is the subject of many a Romaic and theless the shot is ringing in my ears."-"The Arnaut ditty. The story in the text is a shot!-not a tophaike has been fired this morn- told of a young Venetian many years ago, and ing." "-"I hear it notwithstanding-Bom-Bom- now nearly forgotten. I heard it by acciden as plainly as I hear your voice.""Psha." "As recited by one of the coffee-house story-teers you please, Affendi; if it is written, so will it who abound in the Levant, and sing or recite be."I left this quick-cared predestinarian, and their narratives. The additions and interpola rode up to Basili, his Christian compatriot, whose tions by the translator will be easily disti ears, though not at all prophetic, by no means guished from the rest by the want of Easter relished the intelligence. We all arrived at imagery; and I regret that my memory has reColonna, remained some hours, and returned tained so few fragments of the original. leisurely, saying a variety of brilliant things, in For the contents of some of the notes I an more languages than spoiled the building of Ba-indebted partly to D'Herbelot, and partly to bel, upon the mistaken seer; Remaic, Arnaut, that most castern, and, as Mr. Weber justly

entitles it, "sublime tale," the "Caliph Vathek." | pean imitations; and bears such marks of origin1 do not know from what source the author of that singular volume may have drawn his materials; some of his incidents are to be found in the "Bibliothèque Orientale; but for correctness of costume, beauty of description, and power of imagination, it far surpasses all Euro

NOTES TO THE BRIDE OF ABYDOS.

In him was some young Galiongċe. [p. 71. "Galiongée-or Galiongi, a sailor, that is, a Turkish sailor; the Greeks navigate, the Tera work the guns. Their dress is picturesque; and I have seen the Capitan Pacha more than este wearing it as a kind of incog. Their legs, hov scribed in the text as sheated behind with silver, are those of an Arnaut robber, who was my host ke had quitted the profession), at his Pyrgo, De Gastouni in the Morea; they were plated in sca one over the other, like the back of an armad

Even Azrael, from his deadly quiver. [p. 71. ever, are generally naked. The busking de Azrael-the angel of death.

(p. 72.

Holds not a Musselim's control. Musselim, a governor the next in rank after' a Pacha; a Waywode is the third; and then come the Agas.

facture

So may the Koran verse display'd. {% The characters on all Turkish scimitars essa sometimes the name of the place of their but more generally a text from in Koran, in letters of gold. Amongst those in y Was he not bred in Egripo? [p. 72. possession is one with a blade of singular a Egripo the Negropont. According to the pro-ed into serpentine curves like the ripple f struction; it is very broad, and the edge natchverb, the Turks of Egripo, the jews of Salonica, water, or the wavering of flame. I asked the and the Greeks of Athens, are the worst of their Armenian who sold it, what possible use such a respective races. figure could add: he said, in Italian, that he d not know; but the Mussulmans had an idea that Ah! yonder see the Tchocadar. "Tchocadar"-one of the attendants who pre-liked it because it was "piu feroce." I did t those of this form gave a severer wound; and cedes a man of authority. much admire the reason, but bought it for in peculiarity. འཀྐོ, ཏ ཡུཟླ '

[p. 72.

Thine own "broad Hellespont" still dashes. [p. 73. The wrangling about this epithet "the broad Hellespont" or the "boundless Hellespont, whether it means one or the other, or what it means at all, has been beyond all possibility of detail. I have even heard it disputed on the spot; and not foreseeing a speedy conclusion to the controversy, amused myself with swimming across it in the mean time, and probably may again, before the point is settled. Indeed, the question as to the truth of "the tale of Troy divine" still continues, much of it resting upon the talismanic word "aлepos" probably Homer had the same notion of distance that a coquette has of time, and when he talks of boundless, means half a mile; as the latter, by a like figure, when she says eternal attachment, simply specifies three weeks.

But like the nephew of a Cain. [p. 7 It is to be observed, that every allesien u any thing or personage in the Old Testar such as the Ark, or Cain, is equally the privilege of Mussulman and Jew; indeed the former pr fess to be much better acquainted with the lives. true and fabulous, of the patriarchs, than warranted by our own Sacred Writ, and s content with Adam, they have a biography Pre-Adamites. Solomon is the monarch of necromancy, and Moses a prophet inferior only to Christ and Mahomet. Zuleika is the Pervas name of Potiphar's wife, and her amour vi Joseph constitutes one of the finest poem their language. It is therefore no violatios f costume to put the names of Cain, or Noah, inte the mouth of a Moslem.

And Paswan's rebel hordes attest.' [p. H the last years of his life set the whole post Paswan Oglou, the rebel of Widdin, whe fr of the Porte at defiance.

་་་

They gave their horsetails to the wind. [p
Horsetail, the standard of a Pacha.
He drank one draught, nor needed more! [p
Giaffir, Pacha of Argyro Castro, or Scatari,
am not sure which, was actually taken of
the Albanian Ali, in the manner described in
the text. Ali Pacha, while I was in the count
married the daughter of his victim, some m
after the event had taken place at a bath in
Sophia, or Adrianople. The poison was mised
in the cup of coffee, which is presented before
the sherbet by the bath-keeper, after dressing

p

I sought by turns, and saw them all The Turkish notions of almost all islands are confined to the Archipelago, the sea alluded on

The last of Lambro's patriots there. Lambro Canzani, a Greek, famous for his f forts in 1789-90 for the independence of his a pirate, and the Archipelago was the scre country: abandoned by the Russians, he became his enterprises. He is said to be still alive at Petersburgh. He and Riga are the two ot celebrated of the Greek revolutionists.

To snatch the Rayahs from their fate. in. Th "Rayahs," all who pay the capitation tax, ca ed the "Haratch."

Ay! let me like the ocean-Patriarch roam. [p. 76. This first of voyages is one of the few with which the Mussulmans profess much acquaintance.

Or only know on land the Tartar's home. [p. 76. The wandering life of the Arabs, Tartars, and Terkomans, will be found well detailed in any book of Eastern travels. That it possesses a charm peculiar to itself cannot be denied. A Foung French renegado confessed to Chateauriand, that he never found himself alone, galoping in the desert, without a sensation aproaching to rapture, which was indescribable.

¡looming as Aden in its earliest hour. [p. 76. Jannat al Aden," the perpetual abode, the fussulman Paradise.

And mourn'd above his turban-stone. [p. 78. A turban is carved in stone above the graves f men only.

the loud Wul-wulleh warn his distant ear. [p. 78. The death-song of the Turkish women. The silent slaves" are the men whose notions of decorum forbid complaint in public.

"Where to my child?"-an Echo answers"Where? [p. 78. "I came to the place of my birth and cried,

"And airy tongues that syllable men's names." MILTON.

For a belief that the souls of the dead inhabit the form of birds, we need not travel to the East. Lord Lyttleton's ghost-story, the belief of the Duchess of Kendal, that George I. flew into her window in the shape of a raven (see Orford's Reminiscences), and many other instances, bring this superstition nearer home. The most singular was the whim of a Worcester lady, who, believing her daughter to exist in the shape of a singing bird, literally furnished her pew in the Cathedral with cages-full of the kind; and as she was rich, and a benefactress in beautifying the church, no objection was made to her harmless folly.

NOTES TO THE CORSAIR.

The time in this poem may seem too short for of nature I shall attempt to prove by some hishe occurrences, but the whole of the Egean torical coincidences which I have met with since bles are within a few hours' sail of the conti-writing "The Corsair." sent, and the reader must be kind enough to ake the wind as I have often found it.

"Eccelin prisonnier," dit Rolandini, "s'enfermoit dans un silence menaçant, il fixoit sur la terre son visage féroce, et ne donnoit point Of fair Olympia loved and left of old. [p. 85. d'essor à sa profonde indignation.-De toutes Orlando, Canto 10.

Around the waves' phosphoric brightness broke.

[p. 87. By night, particularly in a warm latitude, every stroke of the oar, every motion of the beat or ship, is followed by a slight flash like sheet lightning from the water.

Coffee.

-the sober berry's juice.

parts cependant les soldats et les peuples accouroient; ils vouloient voir cet homme, jadis si puissant, et la joie universelle éclatoit de toutes parts."

"Eccelin étoit d'une petite taille; mais tout l'aspect de sa personne, tous ses mouvemens indiquoient un soldat. Son langage étoit amer, son déportement superbe, et par son seul regard, [p. 87. il faisoit trembler les plus hardis." SISMONDI, tome 111. p. 219.

"Gizericus (Genseric, king of the Vandals, While dance the Almas to wild minstrelsy. [p. 87. the conqueror of both Carthage and Rome), staDancing-girls.

4 captive Dervise, from the pirate's nest #Escaped, is here-himself would tell the rest. [p. 87. It has been objected that Conrad's entering disguised as a spy is out of nature.-Perhaps 0.- find something not unlike it in history. "Anxions to explore with his own eyes the state of the Vandals, Majorian ventured, after disguising the colour of his hair, to visit Carthage in the character of his own ambassador; and Genseric was afterwards mortified by the discovery, that he had entertained and dismissed the Emperor of the Romans. Such an anecdote may be rejected as an improbable fiction; but it is a fiction which would not have been imagined unless in the life of a hero." GIBBON, Deel. and Fall, vol. vi. p. 180.

tura mediocris, et equi casu claudicans, animo profundus, sermone rarus, luxuria contemptor, ira turbidus, habendi cupidus, ad solicitandas gentes providentissimus.“ * JORNANDES de Rebus Geticis, c. 33.

I beg leave to quote these gloomy realities to keep in countenance my Giaour and Corsair.

And my stern vow and order's laws oppose.
[p. 88.
The Dervises are in colleges, and of different
orders, as the monks.

They seize that Dervise!-seize on Zatanai!
(p. 89.
Satan.

He tore his beard, and foaming fled the fight.
[p. 89.

That Conrad is a character not altogether out A common and not very novel effect of Mus