An Essay on the Principle of Population, as it Affects the Future Improvement of Society, 第 2 巻 |
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... effect would take place in a decreasing population . The question therefore is , what we are to add and what to subtract , when the births and deaths are not equal . The average proportion of births to marriages in Europe is about 4 to ...
... effect would take place in a decreasing population . The question therefore is , what we are to add and what to subtract , when the births and deaths are not equal . The average proportion of births to marriages in Europe is about 4 to ...
10 ページ
... taken at such a distance from the births in the registers as is equal to the expectation of life . And in fact ... take place if the population be decreasing ; and to find this proportion , we must compare the marriages of any year ...
... taken at such a distance from the births in the registers as is equal to the expectation of life . And in fact ... take place if the population be decreasing ; and to find this proportion , we must compare the marriages of any year ...
26 ページ
... take place young , and be con- sequently prolific , it is evident that to produce the same proportion of births , a smaller proportion of On the fruitfulness of marriages . marriages will be necessary 26 Book II . ESSAY ON.
... take place young , and be con- sequently prolific , it is evident that to produce the same proportion of births , a smaller proportion of On the fruitfulness of marriages . marriages will be necessary 26 Book II . ESSAY ON.
28 ページ
... take place . The other is general , depending solely upon the proportion which the excess of the births above the burials bears to the whole population , and therefore may be applied universally to all countries , whatever may be the ...
... take place . The other is general , depending solely upon the proportion which the excess of the births above the burials bears to the whole population , and therefore may be applied universally to all countries , whatever may be the ...
38 ページ
Thomas Robert Malthus. Effects of epidemics on registers place in the year , and not by a greater number of births . ' In ... take an average of the four years immediately succeeding the plague , the births would be to the deaths in the ...
Thomas Robert Malthus. Effects of epidemics on registers place in the year , and not by a greater number of births . ' In ... take an average of the four years immediately succeeding the plague , the births would be to the deaths in the ...
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多く使われている語句
agriculture appear arising average bank of England benevolence births to marriages bounty cause charity cheap soups circumstances claim of right commercial common Condorcet consequence considerable considered corn laws crease cultivation deaths degra degree demand diminish distress effect emigration encourage England evil expected exportation of corn France fruitfulness of marriages Godwin greater number habits happiness human improvement increase of population industry land laws of nature lives to marry lower classes maintenance of labor manufactures means of subsistence ment misery mode moral restraint nation necessary neral object observed parish passion plague poor laws poverty present prevailing preventive check price of corn price of labor price of provisions principle of population proportion of births puberty quantity rational expectations reason riages Robert Gourlay Russia scarcity shillings supply suppose surplus produce systems of equality take place tend tion vice wealth Wealth of Nations whole
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119 ページ - And thus it appears that a society constituted according to the most beautiful form that imagination can conceive, with benevolence for its moving principle instead of self-love, and with every evil disposition in all its members corrected by reason...
315 ページ - The period of delayed gratification would be passed in saving the earnings which were above the wants of a single man, and in acquiring habits of sobriety, industry, and economy, which would enable him in a few years to enter into the matrimonial contract without fear of its consequences.
177 ページ - ... a convenient stock of flax, hemp, wool, thread, iron, and other necessary ware and stuff to set the poor on work, and also competent sums of money for and towards the necessary relief of the lame, impotent, old, blind, and such other among them being poor and not able to work, and also...
338 ページ - In an endeavour to raise the proportion of the quantity of provisions to the number of consumers in any country, our attention would naturally be first directed to the increasing of the absolute quantity of provisions; but finding that, as fast as we did this, the number of consumers more than kept pace with it, and that with all our exertions we were still as far as ever behind, we should be convinced that our efforts directed only in this way would never succeed. It would appear to be setting the...
374 ページ - ... are easily heated to outrage. Whatever the apparent cause of any riots may be, the real one is always want of happiness. It shows that something is wrong in the system of Government that injures the felicity by which society is to be preserved.
391 ページ - Though to marry in this case is, in my opinion, clearly an immoral act, yet it is not one which society can justly take upon itself to prevent or punish ; because the punishment provided for it by the laws of nature falls directly and most severely upon the individual who commits the act, and through him, only more remotely and feebly, on the society. When nature will govern and punish for us...
361 ページ - For my own part I feel not the slightest doubt that, if the introduction of the cowpox should extirpate the small-pox, and yet the number of marriages continue the same, we shall find a very perceptible difference in the increased mortality of some other diseases.
339 ページ - We are not however to relax our efforts in increasing the quantity of provisions, but to combine another effort with it, that of keeping the population, when once it has been overtaken, at such a distance behind as to effect the relative proportion which we desire, and thus unite the two grand desiderata, a great actual population and a state of society in which abject poverty and dependence are comparatively but little known, two objects which are far from being incompatible.
330 ページ - ... abstaining from marriage till we are in a condition to support a family, with a perfectly moral conduct during that period, is the strict line of duty; and when revelation is taken into the question, this duty undoubtedly receives very powerful confirmation.
239 ページ - ... expense of the home market ; as every bushel of corn, which is exported by means of the bounty, and which would not have been exported without the bounty, would have remained in the home market to increase the consumption, and to lower the price of that commodity. The corn bounty, it is to be observed, as well as every other bounty upon exportation, imposes two different taxes upon the people ; first, the tax which they are obliged to contribute, in order to pay the bounty ; and secondly, the...