Thou say'st, “I am a King! and fit it is

boldly answered, “My harte geveth me, and my tonge That these should perish for me; ... if thy realm telleth me, that I am the sonne of the poble duke of Should through the counscis of thy government, Orleaunce, more glad to be his bastarde, with a meane Be fill'd with woe, and in thy streets be heard

livyng, than the lawful sonne of that coward cuckolde The voice of mourning and the feeble cry

Cawny, with his four thousand crownes.' The judges Of asking hunger; if at such a time

much merveiled at his bolde answere, and his mother's Thou dost behold thy plenty-cover'd board,

cosyns detested hym for shamyng of his mother, and his And shroud thee in thy robes of royalty,

father's supposed kinne rejoysed in gaining the patriAnd say that all is well.... Oh, gracious God!

mony and possessions. Charles Duke of Orleaunce Be merciful to such a monstrous man,

heryng of this judgment, took hym into his family, and When the spirits of the murder'd innocent

gave him greate offices and fees, whiche he well deCry at thy throne for justice!

served, for (during his captivitie) he defended his

King of France ! landes, expulsed the Englishmen, and in conclusion, Protect the lowly, feed the hungry ones,

procured his deliverance.»-Hall, ff. 104. And be the orphan's father! thus shalt thou

There can be no doubt that Shakspeare had this Become the representative of Heaven,

anecdote in his mind when he wrote the first scene And gratitude and love establish thus

wherein the bastard Falconbridge is introduced. Thy reigo. Believe me, King! that hireling guards, When the duke of Orleans was so villanously assasThough flesh'd in slaughter, will be weak to save

sinated by order of the duke of Burgundy, the murder A lyrant on the blood-cemented throne

was thought at first to have been perpetrated by Sir That totters underneath him,»

Aubert de Cauny, says Monstrellet (Johnes's translation, Thus the Maid

vol. i. p. 198), from the great hatred he bore the duke Redeem'd her country. Ever may the All-Just for having carried off his wife; but the truth was soon Give to the arms of Freedom such success.

known who were the guilty persons, and that sir Aubert was perfectly innocent of the crime. Marietta d'Enguien

was the name of the adulteress. NOTES.

Note 2, page 3, col. 1.

Cbeer'd with the Trobador's sweet minstrelsy.
Note 1, page 3, col. 1.

Lorraine was famous for its poets.
The Bastard Orleans.

There mightest thou se these futours,

Minstrallis and eke jogelours, « Lewes Duke of Orleance murthered in Paris, by

Tbat wel to singin did their paine; Jhon Duke of Burgoyne, was owner of the castle of

Some songin songis of Loraine,

For in Loraine there notis be Concy, on the frontiers of Fraunce toward Arthoys,

Full swetir than in this contre. whereof he made constable the lord of Cauney, a man

Romaunt of the Rose. not so wise as his wife was faire, and yet she was not so faire, but she was as well beloved of the Duke of Orle

Note 3, page 3, col. 1. apce as of her husband. Betwene the duke and her

Denying what she sought. husband (I cannot tell who was father), she conceived

The following account of JOAN of ARC is extracted a child, and brought furthe a prety boye called Jhon, from a history of the siege of Orleans, prise de mot à whiche child beyog of the age of one yere, the duke mot, sans aucun changement de langage, d'un vieil deceased, and not long after the mother and the lord exemplaire escrit a la main en parchemin, et trouvé of Caway ended their lives. The next of kynne to the

en la maison de la dicte ville d'Orleans. Troyes. 1621. lord Cawny chalenged the inheritaunce, which was

« Or en ce temps avoit une jeune fille au pais de worth foure thousande crounes a yere, alledgyog that Lorraine, aagee de dix-huict ans ou environ, nommce the boye was a bastard : and the kynred of the mother's Janne, natifue d'un paroisse nommee Dompre, fille side, for to save her honesty, it plainly denied. la con- d'un Laboureur nomme Jacques Tart ; qui jamais clusion, this matter was in contencion before the pre- n'avoit fait autre chose que garder les bestes aux champs, sidentes of the parliament of Paris, and there hang in

a la quelle, ainsi qu'elle disoit, avoit estè revelè que controversie till the child came to the age of eight years Dieu vouloit qu'elle allast devers le Roi Charles sepold. At whicle tyme it was demanded of hym openly tiesme, pour luy aider et le conseiller a recouvrer son whose sonne he was; his frendes of his mother's side royaume et ses villes et places que les Anglois avoient advertised hym to require a day, to be advised of so conquises en ses pays. La quelle revelation elle n'osa great an answer, which he asked, and to hym it was dire à ses pere et mere, pource qu'elle scavoit bien que gravted. In the mean season, his said frendes per-jamais n'eussent consenty qu'elle y fust allee; et le suaded him to claime his inheritance as sonne to the persuada tant qu'il la mena devers un gentelhomme lorde of Cawny, whiche was an honorable livyng, and pomme Messire Robert de Baudricourt, qui pour lors an auocient patrimony, affirming that if he said con- estoit Cappitaine de la ville, ou chasteau de Vaucoutrary, he not only slaundered his mother, shamed hym- leur, qui est assez prochain de la : auquel elle pria tres self. and stained his bloud, but also should have no instanment qu'il la fist mener devers le Roy de France, livyng, uor any thing to take to. The scholemaster en leur disant qu'il estoit tres necessaire qu'elle parlast thinkyng that his disciple had wel learned his lesson, a luy pour le bien de son royaume, el que elle luy feroit and would reherse il according to his instruccion, grand secours et aide a recouvrer son dict royaume, et brought hym before the judges at the daie assigned, que Dieu le vouloit ainsi, et que il luy avoit esté revelé and when the question was repeted to hym again, he par plusieurs fois. Des quelles parolles il ne faisoit que

rire et se mocquer et la reputoit incensee : toutesfois But the Lord said unto me, Say pot, am a child, for elle persevera tant et si longuement qu'il luy bailla un thou shalt go to all that I shall send thee, and whatgentelhomme, nommé Ville Robert, et quelque nombre soever I command thee, thou shalt speak. de gens, les quels la menerent devers le Roy que pour Thou therefore gird up thy loins, and arise, and speak lors estoit a Chinon, »

unto them all that I command thec : be not dismayed

at their faces lest I confound thee before them. Note 4, page 3, col. 1.

Jeremiah, Chap. I. Of eighteen years. This agrees with the account of her age given by

Note 6, page 4, col. 2. Holivshed, who calls her wa young wench of an

Taught wisdom to mankind ! eightecne years old, of favour was she counted like But as for the mighty man he had the earth, and the some,

of

person stronglie made and manlie, of courage honourable man dwelt in it. great, hardie, and stout withall; an understander of Days should speak, and multitude of years

should

Job. counsels though she were not at them, greet semblance teach wisdom. of chastitie both of bodie and behaviour, the name of

Note 7, page 4, col. 2. Jesus in bir mouth about all her businesses, humble,

Rush o'er the land, aud desolate and kill. obedient, and fasting divers daics in the weeke.»

Holinshed, 600.

« While the English and French contend for domi De Serres speaks thus of her :–« A young maiden nion, sovereignty, and life itself, men's goods in France named Joan of Arc, borne in a village upon the Mar

were violently taken by the license of war, churches ches of Barre called Domremy, neere to Vaucouleurs, spoiled, men every where murthered or wounded, others of the age of eighteene or twenty years, issued from put to death or tortured, matrons ravished, maids base parents, her father was named James of Arc, and forcibly drawn from out their parents' arms to be deher mother Isabel, poore countrie folkes, who had flowered; towns daily taken, daily spoyled, daily de brought her up to keep their cattell. She said with faced, the riches of the inhabitants carried whether the grcat boldnesse that she had a revelation how to suc

conquerors think good; houses and villages round

about sel on fire, no kind of cruelty is left unpractised cour the king, how he might be able to chase the English from Orleance, and after that to cause the king to

upon the miserable French, omitting many hundred be crowned at Rheims, and to put him. fully and wholly them. Add here unto that the commonwealth, being

kind of other calamities which all at once oppressed in possession of his realme.

« After she had delivered this to her father, mother, destitute of the help of laws (which for the most part and their neighbours, she presumed to go to the lord

are mule in times of war and mutiny), floateth up and

down without any anchorage at right or justice. of Baudricourt, provost of Vaucouleurs; she boldly delivered unto him, after an extraordinary manner, all

Neither was England herself void of these mischiefs,

who these great mysteries, as much wished for of all mien as

every day heard the news of her valiant children's

funerals, slajo in perpetual skirmishes and bickerings, not hoped for : especially comming from the mouth of a poore country maide, whom they might with more

her general wealth continually ebbed and wained, so reason beleeve to be possessed of some melancholy

that the evils seemed almost equal, and the whole humour, than divinely inspired; being the instrument

western world echoed the groans and sighs of either of so many excellent remedies, in so desperat a season,

nation's quarrels, being the common argument of after the vaine striving of so great and famous person- speech and compassion through Christendom.»--Speed. aces. At the first he mocked and reproved her, but

Note 8, page 4, col. 2. having heard her with more patience, and judging by

By day I drove my father's flock afield. her temperate discourse and modest countenance that she spoke not idely, in the end he resolves to present says old Fuller, that so lion-like a spirit should be bred

People found out a nest of miracles in her cducation, her to the king for his discharge. So she arrives al Chinon the sixt day of May, attired like a man.

among sheep like David. « She had a modest countenance, sweet, civill, and

Note 9, page 5, col. 2. resolute; her discourse was temperate, reasonable and

Death! to the happy thou art terrible, retired, her actions cold, shewing great chastity. Hav

But how the wretched love to think of thee, ing spoken to the king, or noblemen with whom she

O thou true comforter, the friend of all was to negociate, she presently retired to her lodging with an old woman that guided her, without vanity,

O Death, how bitter is the remembrance of thee to a affectation, babling, or courtly lightnessc. These are

man that liveth at rest in his possessions, unto the the manners which the Original attributes to her.»

man that hath nothing to vex him, and that hath

prosEdward Grimeston, the translator, calls her in the perity in all things ! yea unto him that is yet able to

receive meat! margin, « Joane the Virgin, or rather Witch.»

O Death, acceptable is thy sentence unto the needy, Note 5, page 3, col. 2.

and unto him whose strength faileth, that is now in the

last age, and is vexed with all things, and to him that Then the word of the Lord came unto me, saying, despaireth, and hath lost patience !--Ecclesiasticus, ali, Before I formed thee in the belly, I knew thee; and

1, 2, before thou camest forth out of the womb I sanctified

Note 10, page 6, col. 1. thee, and I ordained thee a prophct unto the nations.

Think well of this, young man ! Then said I, Ah, LORD God, behold I cannot speak, Dreadful indeed must liave been the miseries of the for I am a child.

French from vulgar plunderers, when the manners of

Who have no friend beside!

Lest he in wraih con found me.

the highest classes were marked by hideous grossness enflamed with so great rage, that he heard them not, and vices that may not be uttered.

neither man nor woman would be hear, but they were of acts so ill examples are not good.

all put to the sword wherever they were found, and Sir William Alexander,

these people had not been guilty. I know not low

they could have no pity upon poor people, who had The following portrait of some of these outrages I ex never been powerful enough to do any treason. Thiere tract from the notes of Andrews's History of Great Bri was no heart so hard in the city of Lymoges which had tain :-« Agricola quilibet, sponsam juvenem acquisi- any remembrance of God, that did not lament the great tus, ac in vicina alicujus viri nobilis et præpotentis mischief that was there; for more than three thousand babitans, crudelissime vexabatur. Nempe nonnunquam men and women and children had their throats cut in ejus domum irruens iste optimas, magnâ comitante that day; God has their souls, for indeed they were catervå, pretium ingens redemptionis exigeret, ac si non martyred. In entering the town a party of the English protinus solveret colonus, istum miserum in magaa went to the palace of the bishop and found him there, arca protrudens, venustæ ac tenere uxori suze (super and took him and led him before the prince, who ipsam arcam prostratë) vim vir nobilis adferret ; voce looked at him with a murderous look (feloneusement), exclamans horrrenda, “Audine Rustice! jamjam, super and the best word that he could say to liim was that his hanc arcam constupratur dilecta tua sponsa,' atque head should be cut off, and then he made him be peracto hoc scelere nefando relinqueretur (horresco re taken from his presence.-1, 235, ferens) suffocatione expirans maritus, nisi magno pretio The crime which the people of Lymoges had comsponsa nuper vitiata liberationem ejus redimeret.»— mitted was that of surrendering when they had been J. de Paris.

besieged by the duke of Berry, and in consequence Let us add to this the detestable history of a great turning French. And this crime was thus punished at commander under Charles VII of France, the bastard

a period when no versatility of conduct was thought of Bourbon, who (after having committed the most exe- dishonourable. The phrases tourner Anglois-tourner crable crimes during a series of years with impunity) | François-retourner Anglois, occur repeatedly in Froiswas drowned, in 1441, by the constable Richemont (a sart. I should add that of all the heroes of this period treacherous assassin, but a mirror of justice when com- the Black Prince was the most generous and the most pared to his noble contemporaries), on its being proved humane. against him « Quod super ipsum maritum vi prostra After the English had taken the town of Montereau, tum, uxori frustra repugnanti, vim adtuleret.»

the seigneur de Guitery, who commanded there, reEnsuite il avoit fait battre et découper le mari, tant tired to the castle ; and Henry V threatened, unless lie que c'étoit pitié à voir.- Mém. de Richemont.

surrendered, to hang eleven gentlemen, taken in the

town. These poor men intreated the governor to comNote 11, page 6, col. 2.

ply, for the sake of saving their lives, letting him at the Think tbat there are such horrors.

same timc know bow impossible it was that his defence I translate the following anecdote of the Black could be of any avail. He was not to be persuaded ; Prince from Froissart :

and when they saw this, and knew that they must dic, The Prince of Wales was about a month, and not some of them requested that they might first see their Jonger, before the city of Lymoges, and he did not wives and their friends. This was allowed : the women assault it, but always continued mining. When the were scot, la y eut de piteux regrets au prendre congé, miners of the prince had finished their work, they said says Pierre de Fenin, and on the following morning to him, «Sir, we will throw down a great part of the they were executed as Henry had threatened. The wall into the moat whenever it shall please you, so that governor held out for fifteen days, and then yielded by you may enter into the city at your ease, without dan a capitulation which secured bimself. (Coll. des Méger.» These words greatly pleased the prince, who moires. T. v, p. 456.) said to them, «I chuse that your work should be mani. In the whole history of these dreadful times I refested to-morrow at the hour of day-break.» Then the member but onc man whom the cruelty of the acc

had miners set fire to their mines the next morning as the not contaminated, and that was the Portuguese hero prince had commanded, and overthrew a great pane of Nuvo Alvares Pereira, a man who appears to me to the wall, which filled the moat where it had fallen. The have been a perfect example of patriotism, hicroism, English saw all this very willingly, and they were there and every noble and lovely quality, above all others of all armed and ready to enter into the town; those who any age or country. were on foot could enter at their case, and they entered Atrocious however as these instances are, they seem and ran to the gate and beat it to the earth and all the as nothing when compared to the atrocities which the barriers also; for there was no defence, and all this was French exercised upon each other. When Soissons was done so suddenly, that the people of the town were not captured by Charles VI (1414) in person, « In regard upon their guard. And then you might have seen the to the destruction committed by the king's army (says prince, the duke of Lancaster, the count of Canterbury, Monstrellet), it cannot be estimated; for after they had ihe count of Pembroke, Messire Guischart Dangle, and plundered all the inhabitants, and their dwellings, tlicy all the other chiefs and their people who entered in, despoiled the churches and monasteries. They even and ruffians on foot who were prepared to do mischief, took and robbed the most part of the sacred shrines of and to run through the town, and to kill men and many bodies of saints, wliich they stripped of all the women and children, and so they had been commanded precious stones, gold and silver, together with many to do. There was a full pitiful sight, for men and other jewels and holy things appertaining to the aforcwomen and children cast themselves on their knees said churches. There is not a christian but would have before the prince, and cried a mercy!» but he was so shuddered at the atrocious excesses committed by the

CUS, 36.

soldiery in Soissons : married women violated before suddenly upon me, without either expectation or any their husbands ; young damsels in the presence of their preparation on my part, such an evident feeling of the parents and relatives; holy nuns, gentlewomen of all presence of God, as that I could by no means doubt, ranks, of whom there were many in the town; all, or but that either he was within me, or else I all engulfed the greater part, were violated against their wills by in him. This was not in the manner of a vision, but I divers nobles and others, who, after having satiated think they call it Mistical Theology; and it suspends their own brutal passions, delivered them over without the soul in such sort, that she scems to be wholly out mercy to their servants : and there is no remembrance of herself. The Will is in act of loving, the Memory of such disorder and havoc being done by christians, seems to be in a manner lost, the Understanding, in my considering the many persons of high rank that were opinion, discourses not; and although it be not lost, present, and who made no efforts to check them. yet it works not as I was saying, but remains as it were There were also many gentlemen in the king's army amazed to consider how much it understands.»—Life who had relations in the town, as well secular as of St. Teresa written by herself. churchmen; but the disorder was not the less on that Teresa was well acquainted with the feelings of enaccount.»-Vol. iv, p. 31.

thusiasm. I had, however, described the sensations of What a national contrast is there between the man- the Maid of Orleans before I had met with the life of ner in which the English and French have conducted the saint. their civil wars! Even in the wars of the Fronde,

Note 17, page 7, col. 2. when all parties were alike thoroughly unprincipled,

and they shall perish who oppress. cruellies were committed on both sides which it might have been thought nothing but the strong feelings of a

« Raise up indignation, and pour out wrath, and let perverted religious principle could have given birth to.

them perish who oppress the people!»--EcclesiastiNote 12, page 6, col. 2.

Note 18, page 7, col. 2.
Yet bangs and pulls for food.

Sung shrill and ceaseless.
Holinshed says, speaking of the siege of Roan, « If I
should rehearse how deerelie doys, rats, mise, and cats

The epithets shrill and hoarse will not appear inconwere sold within the towne, and how creedilie they gruous to one who has attended to the grasshopper's were by the poore people eaten and devoured, and how chirp. Gazæus has characterised the sound by a word the people dailie died for fault of food, and young in- certainly accurate, in his tale of a grasshopper who fants laie sucking in the streets on their mothers breasts, perched upon St Francis's finger, and sung the praise being dead starved for hunger, the reader might la- of God and the wonders of his own body in his verment their extreme miseries. P. 566.

nacular tongue, St Francis and all the grasshoppers

listening with equal edification :-
Note 13, page 6, col. 2.
The sceptre of the wicked ?

Canebat (ut sic efferam) cicadicè. « Do not the tears run down the widow's cheek? and

Pia Hilaria Angelini Gazei. is not her cry against him that causeth them to fall? St Francis seems to have laboured much in the con

« The Lord will not be slack till lie have smitten in version of animals. In the fine series of pictures represunder the loins of the unmerciful, till he have taken senting his life, lately painted for the new Franciscan away the multitude of the proud, and broken the convent at Madrid, I recollect seeing him preach to a sceptre of the unrighteous.»- Ecclesiasticus.

congregation of birds. Gazæus has a poem upon his Note 14, page 7, col. 1.

instructing a ewe. His advice to her is somewhat

curious : The fountain of the Fairies.

Vide ne arietes, neve in obvios ruas: In the Journal of Paris in the reigns of Charles VI.

Cave devovendos fosculos altaribus and VII. it is asserted that the Maid of Orleans, in

Vel ore laceres, vel bifurcato pede,

Male feriatæ felis ipstar, proteras. answer to an interrogatory of the doctors, whether she had ever assisted at the assemblies held at the Fountain There is another upon his converting two lambs, whose of the Fairies near Domprein, round which the evil prayers were more acceptable to God, Marot! says he, spirits dance, confessed that she had often repaired to than your psalms. If the nun, who took care of them a beautiful fountain in the country of Lorraine, which in his absence, was inclined to lic a-bedshe named the good Fountain of the Fairies of our

Frater Agous hanc bed bee suo Lord. From the notes to the English version of Le

Devotus excitabat.
Grande Fablaux,

O agne jam non agne sed doctor bone!
Note 15, page 7, col. 1.

Note 19, page 8, col. 1.
They love to lie and rock upon its leaves.

The memory of his prison'd years.
Being asked whether she had ever seen any fairies,

The Maid declared upon her trial, that God loved she answered no : but that one of her god-mothers pre- the duke of Orleans, and that she had received more tended to have seen some at the Fairy-tree, near the revelations concerning him, than any person living, village of Dompre.— Rapin.

except the king.- Rapin. Note 16, page 7, col. 1.

Orleans, during his long captivity, « had learnt to

court the fair ladies of England in their native strains :Memory, thought, were gone.

among the flarleian MSS. is a collection of « love « In this representation which I made to place myself poems, roundels, and songs,» composed by the French near to Christ (says St Teresa), there would come prince during his confinement.

Cicada