indeed, I cannot conceive a man better qualified to make a distinguished figure as a lawyer; for he would have brought to his profession a rich store of various knowledge, an uncommon acuteness, and a command of language, in which few could have equalled, and none have surpassed him. He who could display eloquence and wit in defence of the decision of the House of Commons upon Mr. Wilkes's election for Middlesex, and of the unconstitutional taxation of our fellow-subjects in America, must have been a powerful advocate in any cause. But here, also, the want of a degree was an insurmountable bar.

He was, therefore, under the necessity of persevering in that course into which he had been forced; and we find that his proposal from Greenwich to Mr. Cave, for a translation of Father Paul Sarpi's History, was accepted'.

Some sheets of this translation were printed off, but the design was dropt; for it happened, oddly enough, that another person of the name of Samuel Johnson, librarian of St. Martin's in the Fields, and curate of that parish, engaged in the same undertaking, and was patronised by the clergy, particularly

In the Weekly Miscellany, October 21, 1738, there appeared the following advertisement: "Just published, Proposals for printing the History of the Council of Trent, translated from the Italian of Father Paul Sarpi; with the Authour's Life, and Notes theological, historical, and critical, from the French edition of Dr. Le Courayer. To which are added, Observations on the History, and Notes and Illustrations from various Authours, both printed and manuscript. By S. Johnson. 1. The work will consist of two hundred sheets, and be two volumes in quarto, printed on good paper and letter. 2. The price will be 188. each volume, to be paid, half a guinea at the delivery of the first volume, and the rest at the delivery of the second volume in sheets. 3. Twopence to be abated for every sheet less than two hundred. It may be had on a large paper, in three volumes, at the price of three guineas; one to be paid at the time of subscribing, another at the delivery of the first, and the rest at the delivery of the other volumes. The work is now in the press, and will be diligently prosecuted. Subscriptions are taken in by Mr. Dodsley in Pall-Mall, Mr. Rivington in St. Paul's Church-yard, by E. Cave at St. John's Gate, and the Translator, at No. 6, in Castle-street, by Cavendish-square.”—BoswELL.

by Dr. Pearce, afterwards Bishop of Rochester. Several light skirmishes passed between the rival translators, in the newspapers of the day; and the consequence was that they destroyed each other, for neither of them went on with the work. It is much to be regretted, that the able performance of that celebrated genius FRA PAOLO lost the advantage of being incorporated into British literature by the masterly hand of Johnson.

I have in my possession, by the favour of Mr. John Nichols, a paper in Johnson's hand-writing, entitled "Account between Mr. Edward Cave and Sam. Johnson, in relation to a version of Father Paul, &c. begun August the 2d, 1738;" by which it appears, that from that day to the 21st of April, 1739, Johnson received for this work 497. 78. in sums of one, two, three, and sometimes four guineas at a time, most frequently two. And it is curious to observe the minute and scrupulous accuracy with which Johnson had pasted upon it a slip of paper, which he has entitled "Small account," and which contains one article, " Sept. 9th, Mr. Cave laid down 2s. 6d.1" There is subjoined to this account, a list of some subscribers to the work, partly in Johnson's hand-writing, partly in that of another person; and there follows a leaf or two on which are written a number of characters which have the appearance of a short hand, which, perhaps, Johnson was then trying to learn.

"TO MR. CAVE.

"Wednesday, [August or Sept. 1738.] "SIR,-I did not care to detain your servant while I wrote an answer to your letter, in which you seem to insinuate that I had promised more than I am ready to perform. If I have

[Probably a tavern reckoning.-ED.]

raised your expectations by any thing that may have escaped remind me of it, shall thank my memory, I am sorry; and if you you for the favour. If I made fewer alterations than usual in the debates, it was only because there appeared, and still appears to be, less need of alteration. The verses to Lady Firebrace 1 may be had when you please, for you know that such a subject neither deserves much thought, nor requires it.

1

"The Chinese Stories may be had folded down when you desired any please to send, in which I do not recollect that you

alterations to be made.

"An answer to another query I am very willing to write, and had consulted with you about it last night, if there had been time; for I think it the most proper way of inviting such a correspondence as may be an advantage to the paper, not a load upon it.

"As to the Prize Verses, a backwardness to determine their degrees of merit is not peculiar to me. You may, if you please, still have what I can say ; but I shall engage with little spirit in an affair, which I shall hardly end to my own satisfaction, and certainly not to the satisfaction of the parties concerned3.

"As to Father Paul, I have not yet been just to my proposal, but have met with impediments, which, I hope, are now at an end; and if you find the progress hereafter not such as you have a right to expect, you can easily stimulate a negligent translator.

"If any or all of these have contributed to your discontent, I will endeavour to remove it; and desire you to propose the question to which you wish for an answer.

1

"I am, sir, your humble servant,

"SAM. JOHNSON."

[They afterwards appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine (for Sept. 1738), with this title: "Verses to Lady F- at Bury Assizes." It seems quite unintelligible how these six silly lines (at best, only excusable if written impromptu on the occasion) should be the production of Johnson, and made to the order (to use the tradesman's phrase) of Cave. These considerations, and some stupid lines in praise of Suffolk beauties in the same volume, lead to a conjecture that Cave may have sent some verses of another correspondent, on Lady Firebrace, to Johnson to correct or curtail. It is next to impossible that they could be originally Johnson's own; and it may also be observed, that Boswell does not afterwards mention them in his list of Johnson's contributions to the magazine. ED.]

Du Halde's Description of China was then publishing by Mr. Cave in weekly numbers, whence Johnson was to select pieces for the embellishment of the magazine.-NICHOLS.

3 A premium of forty pounds proposed for the best poem on the divine attributes is here alluded to.-NICHOLS. [See note p. 60, as to a similar premium.-ED.]

"TO MR. CAVE.

[Sept. 1738.]

"SIR,-I am pretty much of your opinion, that the Commentary cannot be prosecuted with any appearance of success; for as the names of the authours concerned are of more weight in the performance than its own intrinsick merit, the publick will be soon satisfied with it. And I think the Examen should be pushed forward with the utmost expedition. Thus, This day, &c. An Examen of Mr. Pope's Essay, &c. containing a succinct Account of the Philosophy of Mr. Leibnitz on the System of the Fatalists, with a Confutation of their Opinions, and an Illustration of the Doctrine of Free-will;' (with what else you think proper).

"It will, above all, be necessary to take notice, that it is a thing distinct from the Commentary.

1

"I was so far from imagining they stood still, that I conceived them to have a good deal beforehand, and therefore was less anxious in providing them more. But if ever they stand still on my account, it must doubtless be charged to me; and whatever else shall be reasonable, I shall not oppose; but beg a suspension of judgement till morning, when I must entreat you to send me a dozen proposals, and you shall then have copy to spare. I am, sir, yours, impransus, "SAM. JOHNSON.

Pray muster up the Proposals, if you can, or let the boy recal them from the booksellers."

But although he corresponded with Mr. Cave concerning a translation of Crousaz's Examen of Pope's Essay on Man, and gave advice as one anxious for its success, I was long ago convinced by a perusal of the Preface, that this translation was erroneously ascribed to him; and I have found this point ascertained beyond all doubt, by the following article in Dr. Birch's Manuscripts in the British Museum.

The compositors in Mr. Cave's printing-office, who appear by this letter to have then waited for copy.-NICHOLS.

2 [These were, no doubt, the proposals for the translation of Father Paul; and as Johnson seems to ask for them as affording him a pecuniary resource, they must have been the proposals for the large paper, for which, as we see by the preceding note, (p. 104.) one guinea was payable at the time of subscribing; and it may be concluded that Cave was more ready to make advances to his author in this paper than in cash.-ED.]

"ELISE CARTERE, S. P. D. THOMAS BIRCH.

"Versionem tuam Examinis Crousaziani jam perlegi. Summam styli et elegantiam, et in re difficillimâ proprietatem, admiratus. "Dabam Novemb. 27o, 1738."

Indeed Mrs. Carter has lately acknowledged to Mr. Seward, that she was the translator of the "Examen1."

It is remarkable, that Johnson's last quoted letter to Mr. Cave concludes with a fair confession that he had not a dinner; and it is no less remarkable, that though in this state of want himself, his benevolent heart was not insensible to the necessities of an humble labourer in literature, as appears from the very next letter.

"TO MR. CAVE.

[No date.]

"DEAR SIR,-You may remember I have formerly talked with you about a Military Dictionary. The eldest Mr. Macbean, who was with Mr. Chambers, has very good materials for such a work, which I have seen, and will do it at a very low rate 2. I think the terms of war and navigation might be comprised, with good explanations, in one 8vo. pica, which he is willing to do for twelve shillings a sheet, to be made up a guinea at the second impression. If you think on it, I will wait on you with him. I am, sir, your humble servant, "SAM. JOHNSON.

Pray lend me Topsel on Animals.”

[There is no doubt that Miss Carter was the translator of the Examination, &c., but it is not so certain that Johnson was not himself, at the date of this letter, employed on a similar work, in which he preferred keeping the Latin title of an Examen. The work Johnson alludes to, was no doubt to have been printed by Cave-Miss Carter's was printed by A. Dodd. So that unless Dodd was a prête-nom to Cave, it might be inferred that Johnson was employed on a translation which gave way to Miss Carter's; but, as I find in Cave's Magazine for September Miss Carter's Examination announced by an anticipatory advertisement (very unusual in that magazine), as "being in the press, and speedily to be published," I conclude, that Dodd was employed by Cave; that the above letter refers to Miss Carter's translation; and that the anticipatory advertisement (though not in the words furnished by Johnson) was published in pursuance of the suggestion in his letter to Cave. ED.]

This book was published.