raiment, of the earth on which he stood, of the bread which he brake, of his blood, and of the Virgin's milk.

A late editor of Old Fortunatus is reminded in one of his notes of Martinus Scriblerus, by a passage in the play, which, as he should have seen, is evidently allusive to such relics as those at Compostella.

"there can I show thee

The ball of gold that set all Troy on fire:

There shalt thou see the scarf of Cupid's mother,
Snatch'd from the soft moist ivory of her arm
To wrap about Adonis' wounded thigh:
There shalt thou see a wheel of Titan's car,

Which dropp'd from Heaven when Phaeton fired the world.
I'll give thee... the fan of Proserpine,

Which, in reward for a sweet Thracian song,
The black-brow'd Empress threw to Orpheus,
Being come to fetch Eurydice from hell."

"Huc Lysia properant urbes, huc gentes Ibera
Turba adeunt, Gallique omnes, et Flandria cantu
Insignis, populique Itali, Rhenusque bicornis
Confluit, et donis altaria sacra frequentant;
Namque ferunt vivi qui non hæc templa patentes
Invisunt, post fata illuc, et funeris umbras
Venturos, munusque istud præstare beatis
Lacte viam stellisque albam, quæ nocte serenâ
Fulgurat, et longo designat tramite cœlum."

P. BARTHOLOME PEREIRA, Paciecidos, lib. vii. p. 117.

Fray Luys de Escobar has this among the five hundred proverbs of his Litany:

It seems to allude to this superstition, meaning, that it is a journey which all must take. The particular part of the pilgrimage, which must be performed either in ghost or in person, is that of crawling through a hole in the rock at El Padron, which the Apostle is said to have made with his staff. In allusion to this part of the pilgrimage, which is not deemed so indispensable at Compostella as at Padron, they have this proverb, Quien va á Santiago, y non va á Padron, ó faz Romeria 6 non. The pilgrim, indeed, must be incurious who would not extend his journey thither; a copious fountain, of the coldest and finest water which Morales tasted in Galicia, rises under the high altar, but on the outside of the church; the pilgrims drink of it, and wash in its waters, as the Apostle is said to have done: they ascend the steps in the rock upon their knees, and finally perform the passage which must be made by all: " y cierto, considerado el sitio, y la hermosa vista que de alli hay á la ciudad, que estaba abaxo en lo llano, y á toda la ancha hoya llena de grandes arboledas y frescuras de mas de dos leguas en largo, lugar es aparejado para mucha contemplacion." Viage de MORALES, p. 174.

"Utrum

One of Pantagruel's Questions Encyclopédiques is, le noir Scorpion pourroit souffrir solution de continuité en sa substance, et par l'effusion de son sang obscurcir et embrunir la voye lactée, au grand interest et dommage des Lifrelofres Jacobipetes." RABELAIS, t. ii. p. 417.

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"The escallops, being denominated by ancient authors the Shells of Gales, or Galicia, plainly apply to this pilgrimage in particular." Fosbrooke, British Monachism, p. 423.

Fuller is therefore mistaken when, speaking of the Dacres family, (Church Hist. cent. xii. p. 42.) who gave their arms

gules, three scallop-shells argent, he says, "which scallopshells, (I mean the nethermost of them, because most concave and capacious,) smooth within, and artificially plated without, was ofttimes cup and dish to the pilgrims in Palestine, and thereupon their arms often charged therewith."

That the scallop belonged exclusively to the Compostella pilgrim is certain, as the following miracle may show.

"The ship, in which the body of the Apostle was embarked, passed swiftly by a village in Portugal called Bouzas, wherein there dwelt a noble and powerful lord, who on that day married one of his daughters to the son of another person as considerable as himself, lord of the land of Amaya. The nuptials were celebrated in the village of Bouzas, and many noble knights of that province came to the solemnity. One of their sports was that of throwing the cane, and in this the bridegroom chose to bear a part, commanding a troop, that he might display his dexterity. The place for the sport was on the coast of the ocean, and the bridegroom's horse, becoming ungovernable, plunged into the sea, and sunk under the immensity of its waters, and, at the moment when the ship was passing by, rose again close beside it. There were several miracles in this case. The first was, that the sea bore upon its waves the horse and horseman, as if it had been firm land, after not having drowned them when they were so long a time under water. The second was, that the wind, which was driving the ship in full speed to its port, suddenly fell, and left it motionless; the third, and most remarkable, was, that both the garments of the knight, and the trappings of the horse, came out of the sea covered with scallop-shells.

“The knight, astonished at such an unexpected adventure, and seeing the disciples of the Apostle, who with equal astonishment were looking at him from the ship, asked them what it was that had brought him where he found himself. To which the disciples, being inspired by Heaven, replied, 'that certes Christ, through the merit of a certain servant of his, whose body they were transporting in that ship, had chosen to manifest his power upon him, for his good, by

means of this miracle.' The knight then humbly requested them to tell him who Christ was, and who was that Servant of his of whom they spake, and what was the good which he was to derive. The disciples then briefly catechised him; and the knight, having thus been instructed, said to them, Friends and Sirs, you, who have served Christ and his holy Apostle, which I as yet have not done, ask of him to show you for what purpose he has put these scallop-shells upon me, because so strange a marvel cannot have been wrought without some great mystery.' With that the disciples made their prayer accordingly, and, when they had prayed, they heard a voice from Heaven, which said thus unto the knight, Our Lord Christ has thought good to show by this act all persons present and to come, who may choose to love and serve this his servant, and who shall go to visit him where he shall be interred, that they take with them from thence other such scallop-shells as these with which thou art covered, as a seal of privilege, confirming that they are his, and will be so from that time forward: and he promises that afterwards, in the Day of the last Judgement, they shall be recognised of God for his; and that, because of the honours which they have done to this his servant and friend, in going to visit him and to venerate him, he will receive them into his glory and his Paradise.'

"When the knight heard these words, immediately he made the disciples baptize him; and while they were so doing, he noticed, with devotion and attention, the ceremonies of the sacred ministry, and, when it was done, he took his leave of them, commending himself to their grace, and intreating of them that they would commend him in their prayers to Christ and his Apostle Santiago. At that instant the wind, which till then had been still, struck the sails, and the ship began to cleave the wide sea. The knight then directed his course toward the shore, riding upon the water, in sight of the great multitude, which from the shore was watching him; and when he reached the shore, and was surrounded by them, he related to them what had happened. The natives, astonished

at the sight of such stupendous miracles, were converted, and the knight, with his own hand, baptized his bride."

arms.

The facts are thus related, to the letter, in the Sanctoral Portugues, from whence the Breviaries of Alcobaça and St. Cucufate copied it, and that of Oviedo in the Hymn for the Apostle's Day,.. from which authorities the moderns have taken it. The Genealogists say that the Vieyras of Portugal are descended from this knight, because the scallop is called by that name in their tongue, and that family bear it in their The Pimenteles make the same pretensions, and also bear four scallops in their shield. The Ribadaneyras also advance a similar claim, and they bear a cross with five scallops. "This is the origin of the shells with which the pilgrims, who come to visit the body of our glorious Patron, adorn themselves, the custom having, without doubt, been preserved by tradition from that time. The circumstances are confirmed by pictures representing it, which from ancient times have been preserved in various cities. In the Church of St. Maria de Aracœli at Rome, on the Gospel side, there is a spacious chapel, dedicated to our glorious Patron; it was painted in the year 1441, and in one compartment this adventure is represented there is the ship, having the body of the Apostle on the poop, and the seven Disciples on board: close to the ship, upon the sea, is a Knight upon a black horse, with a red saddle and trappings, both covered with scallop-shells. The same

story is painted in the parish church of Santiago at Madrid: and it is related in a very ancient manuscript, which is preserved in the library of the Monastery of St. Juan de los Reyes, at Toledo. In the Ancient Breviary of the Holy Church of Oviedo, mention is made of this prodigy in these verses, upon the vesper of the glorious Saint.

• Cunctis mare cernentibus,

Sed a profundo ducitur,
Natus Regis submergitur

Totus plenus conchilibus.'

Finally, the fact is authenticated by their Holinesses Alex