Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society, 第 47 巻The Society, 1903 |
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Abdomen acid alis hyalinis alkali Antennæ apical April 26 areolet atomic theory atomic weights baryta baryta water basal bottle broadly CHARLES BAILEY chemical Chemistry Cheshire closely punctured clypeus cobalt colour Council covered with short coxæ D.Sc Dalton dilated distinctly donors Falklands femora fortress fulvous fuscous glass hyænas hydrogen hypoiodous acid iodine joint LL.D London M.SC Manchester mandibles mark median segment members were voted Memoirs Mesonotum mesopleuræ mesosternum metapleuræ middle mirror mole narrow nervure is received nest oblique Ordinary Meeting OSBORNE REYNOLDS Owens College oxide palpi parapsidal furrows petiole plants Pleiocene pleuræ post-scutellum presented President Professor pronotum propleuræ read a paper recurrent nervure rugose Schunck scutellum second transverse cubital smooth and shining Society solution species specimens spiracles striated surface tarsi testaceous thickly covered Thorax black tibiæ transverse cubital nervure transverse keel tube tubercles W. E. HOYLE yellow دو
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26 ページ - Soddy* have studied especially the emanations given off by thorium, and conclude that from this element a new body is continually generated, in which the radioactivity steadily decays. This loss of emanative power is in some sort of equilibrium with the rate of its formation. When thorium is 'de-emanated,' it slowly regains its emanative power. The emanation is a 'chemically inert gas, analogous in nature to the members of the argon family.
14 ページ - Berzelius had proposed a system of atomic weights which differed, except in the value taken for its base, but little from the one now in use. This was abandoned for a table devised by Gmelin, in which the laws of Avogadro and of Dulong and Petit were almost if not entirely ignored. Laurent and Gerhardt attempted to reform the system, but it was left for Cannizzaro, in 1858, to succeed. By doubling some of the currently accepted atomic weights order was introduced into the prevailing chaos, and the...
18 ページ - as in a glass, darkly;" its complete mathematical expression is yet to be found, but I believe that it will be fully developed within the near future. We may have a spiral curve to deal with, as in the schemes proposed by Stoney or by Crookes, or else a vibratory expression like that suggested by Emerson Reynolds in his presidential address before the Chemical Society last year; but in some form the periodicity of the elements must be recognized, and one set of relations will connect them all. In...
32 ページ - ... a voluntary cooperation between men who are unselfishly inclined to attempt the work? This question I can not answer; doubtless it will solve itself in time; but I am sure that a method of collective investigation will be found sooner or later, and that then the advance of exact knowledge will be more rapid than ever before. When the atomic weights are all accurately known, the problem of the nature of the elements will be near its solution. Some of the wealth which chemistry has created might...
27 ページ - Here again we have evidence bearing upon our problem, evidence which led me," more than thirty years ago, to suggest that the evolution of planets from nebulae had been accompanied by an evolution of the elements themselves. This thought, stated in a reversed form, has since been developed and amplified by Lockyer, and it is doubtless familiar to you all. In the development of the heavenly bodies we seem to see the growth of the elements: do we, in the phenomena of radio-activity, witness their decay?...
29 ページ - ... else follows. Unfortunately, however, the fundamental conception is difficult to grasp and still more difficult to apply. So far, it has done little or nothing for chemistry; it has brought forth no discoveries, nor stimulated chemical research ; we can only say that it does not seem to be incompatible with what we think we know. In a certain way it unifies the two opposing conceptions of atomism and plenism, and this may be, after all, its chief merit. But there are later theories than that...
15 ページ - The former partial theories regarding chemical constitution fell into their proper, places under the new generalization, for that was broad enough to comprehend them all. All constitutional chemistry depends upon this property of the atoms, and any other adequate foundation for it would be difficult to find. I have said that the discovery of valency explained the phenomena of isomerism. Indeed, it enabled chemists to foresee the existence of new isomers, and it established the conditions under which...
10 ページ - Equal volumes of gases, under like conditions of temperature and pressure, contain equal numbers of molecules.
9 ページ - s atomic theory. Although Dalton first announced his theory in 1803, the publication of his 'System' in 1808 marks the culmination of his labors. The memorable controversy between Proust and Berthollet had by this time exhausted its force, and nearly all chemists were satisfied that the law of definite or constant proportions must be true. The idea of multiple proportions was also easily accepted ; and as for the combining numbers, they, after various revisions, came generally into use. The atomic...
14 ページ - ... while carbon has capacity for four. All unions of atoms to atoms within a molecule are governed by conditions of this order, and the limitations thus imposed determine the possibilities of combination in a given class of compounds. In organic chemistry the conception of valency has been most fruitful, and it has shown the prophetic power which is characteristic of all good theories. It explains radicles and isomers; it predicts whole classes of compounds in advance of their actual discovery;...