reasonable persons. But as my lady can now only offer civil conclusions, and would willingly propose criminal ones, but that it belongs to the king's attorney-general according to the usage in France, my lady, therefore, most earnestly supplicates the king's attorney to join with her, and propose such sentence as the law in this case requires."

These were the conclusions of my lady of Orleans and her sons; after which the council of the princes of the blood, and others of the king's council, with the approbation of the duke of Aquitaine, made the chancellor reply to the duchess of Orleans, that the duke of Aquitaine, as lieutenant for the king, and representing his person, and the princes of the blood-royal, were well satisfied with her conduct respecting her late lord the duke of Orleans: that they held him perfectly exculpated from all the charges that had been brought against him; and that, in regard to her requests, speedy and good justice should be done her, so that she should be reasonably contented therewith.

A few days after, the young duke of Orleans, Charles, did homage for the duchy of Orleans, and all his other possessions, to his uncle Charles king of France: then, taking leave of the queen and dauphin, and the princes of the blood who were in Paris, he departed with his men-at-arms for Blois, whence he had come. The duchess-dowager of Orleans remained

in Paris.

CHAPTER XLVI.-GUYE DE ROYE, ARCHBISHOP OF RHEIMS, APPEALS FROM THE CONSTITUTIONS DRAWN UP BY THE UNIVERSITY OF PARIS, WHICH ANGERS THAT BODY, AND THEY IMPRISON HIS COMMISSARY.

Ar this period, Guy de Roye*, archbishop of Rheims, who had been summoned specially by the king to attend the meeting of the prelates at Paris, assembled to consider on the means of uniting the whole church, neither came himself nor sent any one in his behalf. He refused to agree to the decisions of this council, and sent a chaplain as his commissary, with letters signed with his name and seal, to confirm his opposition to all the statutes they had drawn up, as well for himself and his diocese as for all his subjects within the province. The king and the clergy were much displeased at this conduct; and the university of Paris requested that the commissary should be confined in close imprisonment, where he remained for a long time.

The cardinal of Bordeaux came at this time to Paris, partly for the union of the church ; and then also returned thither master Peter Paoul, and the patriarch of Alexandria, named master Symon Cramant, who had been sent by the king of France and the university of Paris, as ambassadors to the two rival popes. The assembled prelates were very anxious for their arrival, that they might be better acquainted with the business they had to manage, and on what grounds they should proceed. Master Peter Paoul frequently rode through the streets of Paris in his doctor's dress, accompanied by the cardinal riding on one side of his horse as women do. In the presence of this cardinal and doctor, the abbot of Caudebec, of the order of Cistercians, and doctor in theology, proposed, on the part of the university, a union of the church. The abbot of St. Denis, with other doctors in theology, declared for a union of the universal church; and, shortly after, the cardinal departed from Paris for Boulogne, and thence went to Calais.

The abbot of St. Denis and another doctor of theology, who had been, by the king's orders, confined in the prison of the Louvre, were released, at the request of the cardinal de Bar, and set at liberty, contrary to the will of the university of Paris. In like manner did the bishop of Cambray, master Peter d'Ailly, an excellent doctor of theology, gain his liberty. He had been confined at the instance of the university, because he was not favourable to their sentiments, and was delivered at the entreaties of count Waleran de St. Pol, and the

Of one of the most noble houses in Picardy. Matthew II. lord de Roye and d'Aunoy, grand master of the cross-bows, mentioned by Froissart, had issue,

1. John III. lord of Roye, &c.

2. Guy, archbishop of Rheims.

3. Matthew Tristan, lord of Busancy, &c.

4. John Saudran de Cangy.

5. Drogo, counsellor and chamberlain, grand master of waters and forests in Languedoc, killed at Nicopolis. 6. Raoul, abbot of Corbie.

7. Reginald, who went to Hungary with his brother Drogo,

8. Beatrix-John de Châtillon, vidame of the Laonnois.

great council of the king. All Christendom was now divided in religious opinions, as to the head of the church, by the contentions of the two rival popes, who could not be brought to agree on the means to put an end to this disgraceful schism. *

CHAPTER XLVII.-THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY ASSEMBLES A LARGE BODY OF MEN-AT-ARMS
TO SUCCOUR JOHN OF BAVARIA AGAINST THE LIEGEOIS, AND COMBATS THEM.
ABOUT this time, John duke of Burgundy was busily employed in collecting a body of
men-at-arms to aid his brother-in-law, the bishop of Liege, whom, as has been said, the
Liegeois had driven out of their country, and besieged in the town of Maestricht.

JOHN "THE INTREPID," DUKE OF BURGUNDY.-From a picture in the Chartreuse at Dijon,
engraved in Vol. III. of Histoire Générale et Particulière de Bourgogne.

He sent for succour among his friends and allies, namely, to Burgundy, Flanders, Artois, and the borders of Picardy, whence came very many, and several from Savoy. The earl

of Mar*, also, a Scotchman, then at Bruges, with about fourscore combatants, ready to
On the eleventh day
embark for Scotland, advanced into the Tournesis, whither the duke came, and had a
conference with their principal captains in the town of Tournay.

of September, he marched thence with a numerous body of men-at-arms, and a great
train of artillery and baggage-waggons, to Enghien, where he was gladly received by
the lord of the place. On the morrow, he advanced to Nivelle in Brabant, within a
He marched next to Flourines, where he met sir Richard + Daulphin,
league of Salmes.
sir William de Tignonville, lately provost of Paris, and master William Bouratier, one of
the king's secretaries, ambassadors to him from the king of France. Having obtained
an audience, they said they had been sent to him from the king and the great council on two
objects; first, to know whether the Liegeois and their bishop were willing to submit their
differences to the king and the great council; secondly, to inform him of the suit urged
against him by the duchess-dowager of Orleans and her children, for the death of the late
duke of Orleans, his brother, of the replies they had made to the charges he had brought
against the late duke, and that they demanded instant justice on him the duke of Burgundy,
and that neither law nor reason ought to prevent sentence being passed by the king according
to the conclusions that had been drawn up against him.

The duke of Burgundy shortly answered, that in regard to the first point, he was willing, as was right for him to do, to obey the king's orders, but that his brother-in-law, John of Bavaria, who had married his sister, had most earnestly solicited his assistance against the commonalty and his subjects at Liege, who had rebelled, and even held him besieged. Similar requests had been made to duke William, count of Hainault, his brother-in-law, and also brother-in-law to John of Bavaria: wherefore the armaments could not now be broken up, since, during the time the ambassadors would be negotiating between the two parties, John of Bavaria, their bishop and lord, might be in great danger from his rebellious subjects, and their success might serve for an example and inducement for other subjects to resist their lords, and give rise to a universal rebellion. He added, that the king and his council might, without any prejudice to themselves, have refrained from so readily listening to such requests, as none of the aforesaid parties were subjects to the kingdom of France. In regard to the second point, he, John duke of Burgundy, made answer, that instantly on his return from this expedition he would wait on the king of France, and act towards him, and all others, in a manner becoming a good subject, and the near relationship in which he stood to the king. less and ambitious spirit, who had alternately applied himself to the law, to arms, to divinity, and to diplomacy, having acted as ambassador in Spain from Clement, was chosen to succeed him. He assumed the name of Benedict XIII. Meantime a succession of popes had occupied the Roman chair. Urban VI., after a violent and turbulent reign, died in October, 1389, and was succeeded by Boniface IX, who was followed successively by Innocent VI., elected in 1404, and Gregory XII., raised to the papal chair in 1406. Repeated attempts had been made to heal the breach in the church, without any effect, and at length the council of Pisa, in 1409, (see chap. 53,) proceeded to depose both Benedict and Gregory, and Peter of Candia was elected as the only true pope, under the name of Alexander V. His history is extraordinary. Abandoned by his parents in his childhood, he was found begging from door to door, by an Italian monk, who, struck by the boy's After studying at Oxford intelligence, befriended him. and Paris, he attracted the notice of John Galeas Visconti, duke of Milan, by whom he was confidentially employed, and who procured for him considerable church preferment; he was made a cardinal by Innocent VII., and at length, at the age of seventy years, attained the highest dignity then existing in Christendom. He, however, enjoyed his new honours but ten months, when, on his death, he was succeeded by a man whose history is yet more extraordinary. Balthazar Cozza, a scion of a noble but decayed Neapolitan family, passed the earlier days of his life as a In fact, his occupation was little, rover on the high seas. if at all, to be distinguished from piracy. He was on sca

what the free companions were on shore. His vessels being
was aroused by the splendour he beheld at the court of
employed to convey Louis of Anjou to Naples, his ambition
Avignon, which he visited in the execution of his mission.
He at once abandoned his old pursuits, and, at the age of
twenty-five, devoting himself to the study of divinity, his
talents and application were so great as to enable him to
proceed doctor at the earliest regular period. Platina
relates of him, that on leaving Bologna, where he had pur-
sued his studies, being questioned whither he was going, his
Boniface IX., who was his countryman, he quickly gained
reply was, "To the popedom." Attaching himself to
his confidence, and was by him promoted to the purple in
1402, and at length attained the object of bis ambition in
1410. His subsequent history, and that of the final set-
tlement of the church, will be found in the ensuing pages.
-ED.

* Qy. Dunbar, earl of March, who, about this time,
had retired from Scotland in consequence of the affront
put upon him by the king, Robert III., or rather the duke
of Albany, who broke the match between Rothsay, the
king's heir, and Dunbar's daughter, and forced the prince
to marry a daughter of Douglas. Dunbar was well received
troops for his service. Although we do not find any men-
and pensioned by Henry, and undertook to raise a body of
tion of his visiting Flanders, yet it is far more probable
Robert's nephew, then earl of Mar.-ED.
that he is the person alluded to than Archibald Stewart,
† Probably a mistake for Guichard.

The ambassadors, finding they could not obtain more satisfactory answers to the points on which they were sent, were obliged to be contented. They resolved, however, to wait the event of this expedition against the Liegeois; and during that time there came to the duke of Burgundy, from the country of Hainault, his brother-in-law duke William, accompanied

DUKE OF BURGUNDY ARMED, AND BEARING THE GREAT DUCAL SWORD.-From an original picture
engraved in Vol. I. of Sanderus Flandria Illustrata.

by the counts de Conversan, de Namur, and de Salines, in Ardennes, with many notable lords, as well knights as esquires, from Hainault, Holland, Zealand, Ostrevant, and other places, to the number of twelve hundred helmets*, or thereabout, and two thousand infantry well equipped, with from five to six hundred carriages laden with provision and military

stores.

Many councils were held at Flourines, and in that neighbourhood, as to their future conduct, and whither they might march their army with the greatest probability of success. It was determined that duke William should command the van, and, as he advanced, destroy the whole country with fire and sword; that the duke of Burgundy, with the earl of Mar and the main body, should direct their march along the causeway of Branchaut, which leads straight to Tongres and Maestricht. In the last place, the lord de Pier-vvest and the Liegeois had, as has been before said, besieged their bishop and lord, John of Bavaria. consequence of this resolution, the two dukes began their march by different roads, and destroyed all the country on the Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, and met on the Saturday evening, about vespers, in the town of Montenach, situated on the above causeway. In this place and neighbourhood was the whole army lodged, forming but one body; and two marshals were appointed to command and find quarters for it ;-on the part of the duke of Burgundy, the lord de Vergy ‡,-and on that of duke William, the lord de Jeumont. They had under their immediate orders five hundred helmets, seven hundred cross-bows, and fifteen hundred archers, all men of tried courage, with sixteen hundred carriages, as well carts as

'Bachines.' Q. Is not this rather lances? the more usual term.

† Before called Pieruels: rightly Parwis.

John III. de Vergy, lord of Champlite, seneschal, mareschal, and governor, of Burgundy.

waggons, laden with arms, ammunition, and provision, and all other necessaries for such an expedition.

On this Saturday, the lord de Pier-vves, and his son the newly-elected bishop of Liege, as they were besieging Maestricht, learnt from their spies, that the two before-mentioned dukes were rapidly advancing against them, and burning the country on their line of march. They instantly raised the siege, and retreated to the city of Liege with full forty thousand combatants, where they fixed their quarters, Liege being only five leagues distant from Maestricht. The commanders there held a council, with such of the inhabitants as had not been at the siege; and at its close it was proclaimed through different parts of the town, by orders of the and his son, the bishop, that every man capable of bearing arms should, on the governor morrow morning, at the sound of a bell, be ready equipped to follow their commanders out of the town whithersoever they might lead them. In consequence of this order, on the morrow, the 22d day of September, 1408, there issued out of Liege, according to computaIn this number were from five to six hundred well tion, about fifty thousand armed men. armed, in the French manner, on horseback, and from one hundred to six score English archers, in their pay. They were followed by infinite numbers of carts and other carriages, and a mob of people dressed in various manners, according to their own fancies.

The bell tolled at break of day, and they then sallied forth in good array, following their and bishop, very eager to offer combat to the enemy. Their governor had frequently governor warned them of the dangers that might ensue from a battle, as their enemies were, for the greater part, nobles or gentlemen accustomed to war and obedience to their commanders, which was not the case with them; and that it would be more to their advantage to remain within well-inclosed towns and castles, harassing the enemy by various means, and so tiring had him out that he should be forced to quit their country. This advice, however, was not agreeable to the Liegeois; for it seemed to them that their numbers were so great that the enemy could not resist them; and they were not well pleased with what their governor He frequently exhorted them to behave told them. The governor, perceiving the Liegeois determined on battle, led them into the plain, and drew them up in handsome array. themselves valiantly, and with one accord, this day against the enemy, who was marching to attack them, and to defend with courage their lives and liberties.

They marched near to Tongres, which is five leagues distant from Liege, whither the two dukes had advanced on the Saturday; for they had already heard the siege of Maestricht was broken up, and that the men of Liege were intending to offer them battle. After some councils had been holden with the captains and the most experienced in their army, they sent off, very early on the Sunday morning, two hundred light troops, under the command of Robert le Roux and some other noblemen of the country, to inquire into the truth of what they had heard, and to see what the enemy was about. They shortly returned, and told the dukes that the intelligence they had received was true; for that they had seen the Liegeois in great numbers marching in battle-array. The dukes, on hearing this, commanded their men to arm, and to draw up in order of battle. When this was done, they marched to meet the Liegeois; and scarcely had they advanced half a league, when they appeared in sight. The Liegeois also saw them, for they were near to Tongres. Both armies advancing, the dukes then posted themselves and all their infantry on a very advantageous spot; and thinking the enemy would attempt to dislodge them, they formed their army into one battalion, the better to support the attack, and placed their baggage in their rear. greater part of their archers and cross-bows on their right and left as wings. The lord de Miraumont this day commanded the archers, by orders of the duke of Burgundy, and with great credit to himself. The duke of Burgundy was on the right, and duke William on the left of the army, each attended by his own people.

They posted the

After the proper orders had been given, and every arrangement made according to the advice of the most experienced officers, very many new knights were created. The men of Liege, swelled with pride, and arrogantly considering the army of their opponents as infinitely inferior to them, marched on the right for an eminence called the heights of Hasbane, where they halted in handsome array. They had with them the standard of St. Lambert, and those of their different guilds; and the reason why they had halted on this