TESTUDO. E E ลดร ฮวงKI [Copper Coin of Trajan, from the British Museum, representing on the reverse the façade of the Basilica Ulpia.] LEAN-TO ROOF. EXTERIOR WALL. the lean-to roof of the Porticus. 2. Longitudinal section through the Testudo. D, D, Pluteum; E, E, Columns of the Testudo. TESTUDO. The principal feature of the Basilica was a large roofed building, supported on columns. The roof, which was called the testudo, rose high above the other part of the structure, 1. Elevation of part of the Basilica, showing the columns of the Testudo above which consisted of two galleries, called porticus, placed one above the other, and round the internal sides of the central building. The porticus was covered with a lean-to roof, the upper part of which commenced below the capitals of the columns which supported the testudo. The light was admitted between the spaces formed by the under line of the architrave - of the testudo, the upper line of the lean-to roof, and the perpendicular lines of the columns. At the end of the central part of the interior a raised platform formed the tribunal for a magistrate. The term testudo, as its name implies, is strictly the roof of the central part; but the term is also extended to signify the whole of the central space, which corresponds to what we call the nave of a church: the porticoes correspond to the aisles. The Basilica was not only used as a hall for the administration of justice, but afforded also convenient shelter to the merchants who transacted business there. Vitruvius, who constructed a Basilica at the Julian colony at Fanum, informs us that it ought to be built on the warmest side of the forum, that those whose affairs called them there might confer together without being incommoded by the weather.' 'The breadth,' he says, 'is not to be made less than the third, nor more than half, the length, unless the nature of the place opposes the proportion, and obliges the symmetry to be different; but if the Basilica has too much length, chalcidica are made at the ends [see CHALCIDICUM], as in the Basilica of Julia Aquiliana. (Newton's Translation.) The size and proportions of these edifices varied according to circumstances. The following proportions are given by Vitruvius for the various parts of this structure. The columns of the Basilica (by which Vitruvius means the columns engaged in the wall) are to be made as high as the porticus is broad; the porticus is to be as wide as the third part of the space in the middle. The columns of the upper gallery must be one-fourth less than the lower. The pluteum (continued pedestal) must be made one-fourth less in height than the upper columns, and be placed between the upper and lower columns, that those who walk above may not be seen by the merchants: from which circumstance it would appear that the upper gallery was intended for a purpose distinct from the uses of the lower gallery. It is probable that in the upper gallery some kinds of handicraft were carried on. The dimensions of the Basilica built by Vitruvius at Fanum were as follow:-The testudo 120 Roman feet long, and 60 broad; the porticus between the walls and columns of the testudo, 20 feet broad; the height of the columns of the testudo, including their capitals, 50 feet, and the diameter 5. Behind these were parastaticæ, or small piers, 20 feet high, 24 feet broad, and foot thick, to sustain the beams intended to bear the floor of the gallery. Over these were other parastaticæ, 18 feet high, 2 feet broad, and 1 foot thick, which supported the lean-to roofs. The remaining space between the beams which were laid over the upper parastaticæ, and the architrave of the columns of the testudo, was open to the light. In the Basilica at Fanum, the testudo was supported by eighteen columns, four at each end, six on one side and four on the other, the two centre columns being omitted on this side, that the view of the pronaos of a B TESTUDO. B, Lower Portico; C, Upper ditto; A, A, Parastaticæ. It is probable that Rome possessed Basilica in all the different Fora of the city. Of these the Basilica of Trajan, which formed a part of the Forum Trajanum [see FORUM], is the only one of which there are considerable remains left; it is represented on the reverse of the medal which we have given above. Another Basilica, of the Corinthian order, was discovered on the Palatine Hill. A large edifice in the Forum, called the Temple of Peace, has also been named the Basilica of Constantine. The Emperors Gordian, in their magnificent country residences built on the Via Prænestina, had three Basilicæ, 100 feet in length. Two famous Basilicæ, Emilia and Fulvia, were built at Præneste (Palestrina), between which Sylla caused a magnificent sun-dial to be placed. The marble fragments of the plan of Rome, now preserved in the Capitol at Rome, which was made during the reign of Septimius Severus, show a part of the Basilica Emiliana; from which it appears that, unlike the other Basilica, it had no external wall. In this last respect, it may be compared to a very antient Greek edifice at Paestum, which has been generally considered a Basilica. This building is an inclosure of columns, without any internal or external walls, and divided in the centre by an order of columns, with another above it. A Basilica which was discovered some years since at Otricoli, had a curvilinear recess or hemicycle adorned with statues, which were removed to the museum of the Vatican. The most perfect Basilica of antiquity, and which best corresponds with the building described by Vitruvius, exists in Pompeii, constructed on the south-west, and consequently the warm side of the Forum. This edifice is 220 feet by 80. The testudo rose to the height of about 60 feet, judging from the diameter of the portions of the columns still remaining. These columns are twenty-eight in number, four of which are placed at each end, and the rest on each side of the testudo; they are curiously constructed of brick, and covered with stucco. At the farthest end is the tribunal, raised on a platform, to which the ascent on each side is by a flight of stairs. Under the platform are rooms, conjectured to have been used as temporary prisons for criminals; and in the floor of this platform are circular holes, communicating with the rooms below. On each side of the tribunal are two small square rooms, which, as the Basilica is very long in its proportion, may be considered a part cut off to form Chalcidica. Small engaged columns are attached to the walls inclosing the porticus, on which one end of the beams of the floor were placed, the other being either inserted in the shafts of the brick-columns, or supported on wooden parastaticæ set against their backs, in the manner described by Vitruvius. In the angles the small columns are clustered thus, after the manner of Gothic shafts. This arose probably from the circumstance of the beams of the floor of the upper porticus being placed diagonally at the angles, in this manner and it is most likely that the under side of the floor was left exposed, as is still the case in the dwellings of Italy, and not covered with lath and plaster, as is the custom in England. The columns being clustered in the angles gave an appearance of strength. The light, most probably, was admitted in the manner mentioned by Vitruvius; but, in addition, there were windows at the back of the tribunal, which perhaps were at one time glazed, as glass for windows was in common use at Pompeii. The stone door-jambs are remarkable for a large groove, in which we may conjecture that the wooden door frames were fixed. The doors appear to have folded, as the marks left on the sill, from the opening and shutting, still remain. The order of the small engaged columns is Corinthian, and the style very similar to that of the Temple of Vesta at Tivoli, and, like that edifice, this Basilica was covered with a fine marble stucco. The most singular decoration is observed in the rusticated plastering of the interior, where the rustics are painted in every variety of tolour. The order of the testudo is unknown, as there are ho remains of the capitals. It is probable that the columns, from their height, were never covered with the ashes of Vesuvius, which circumstance enabled the inhabitants to remove them. The early Christian churches of Rome may be considered as the best resemblances of the Roman Basilica. In some of them are still found many of the characteristics of the antient Basilicæ. There are twelve churches in Rome called Basilica, the oldest of which dates from about the time of Constantine, and is even said to have been built by that emperor. These edifices are S. Pietro, S. Paolo (without the walls), S. Giovanni Laterano, Sta. Croce in Gerusalemme, Sta. Maria in Trastevere, Sta. Prassede, St.' Agnese, Sta. Maria in Cosmedin, Sta. Maria Maggiore, S. Clemente, S. Nereo et Achille, and S. Lorenzo (without the walls). The Marquess Galiani remarks, that the first churches were looked upon as tribunals in which the bishops, &c., administered penance to the guilty and the Eucharist to the absolved; we may therefore observe, in accounting for the resemblance which the early Christian churches bear to the antient Basilica, that nothing could appear at first sight more appropriate than the idea of imitating a tribunal of justice in the construction of the new churches, in which the bishops and priests were to administer a kind of spiritual justice. This remark is well supported by the fact of the bishop's throne being placed in the apsis, or arched recess corresponding to the curved recess or hemicycle, as it was called, of the antient Basilica. It is, however, more probable that the obvious convenience of the Basilica led the early Christians to adopt the principles of that form of. building, as these edifices were both light and spacious, and better adapted to the ceremonies of the new religion than the temples of the Pagans. Constantine has the reputation of having founded the first of these Basilica, which was built on the site of his own palace of Lateran, on Mount Cælius. Shortly afterwards he built the Basilica of St. Peter, on the site of the Circus of Nero; and finally commenced a third, that of St. Paul without the walls of Rome. This church was finished fifty years afterwards by Theodosius; who, if we may trust Procopius, built a continuous portico from the city to the St. Peter's was decoBasilica, covered with a copper roof. rated with one hundred columns of white marble; it is, however, now replaced by a more modern structure, the largest of the kind in the world. The external part of the Basilica of S. Giovanni Laterano is of modern construction. St. Paul's without the walls was burnt down a few years since, but is now partly restored upon the old plan. The section of this edifice, across the nave, shows the form of the testudo with the inclined roofs of the porticus; and in the spaces between the under side of the roof of the testudo and the upper line of the roof of the porticus, are formed the windows of the church. The nine other Basilicæ, as well as the antient churches of Sta. Maria in Ara Cœli, S. Martino, S. Vincenzio delle Tre Fontane, Sta. Maria sopra Minerva, and S. Agostino, and several others possess some of the features of the antient Basilica. St. Agnese, however, exemplifies the peculiar character of the antient Basilica in so striking a manner, that we give a representation of it, which will illustrate the description of Vitruvius. In this view will be easily recognised the galleries (porticus) running round three sides of the building, and interrupted by the recess forming the tribunal. In the upper gallery is the pluteum, or continued pedestal, inclosing the [Interior View of the Basilica of St.' Agnese at Rome, from a work on Roman Church Basilica by I. G. G., Roma, 1823 and 1894.] same. The nave corresponds to the Testudo; the apsis of the church to the hemicycle of the antient buildings: the only difference is in the manner of piercing the walls for windows, and in the omission of the large columns of the testudo, the two orders of columns standing in the places of the antient parastaticæ. It is probable that the construction of the roof of the antient Basilica was exposed, as it is shown here, and as was the invariable practice in almost all the church Basilica of Rome. These Basilica are built from the old materials of other edifices, and the parts are put together without much regard to symmetry, so that there are often Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite capitals, placed on shafts of columns of various diameters, with portions of entablatures above them, which originally belonged to dissimilar edifices. Santa Maria in Trastevere is an example of these incongruities: here also the throne in the apsis has an antique form, very similar to the hemicycles of the Street of Tombs at Pompeii. The Roman church Ba silice are remarkable for their mosaic [see MOSAIC] decorations. The pavements of many of them are enriched with the most elaborate patterns made of the hardest marbles. The arched head of the apsis is often decorated with the figures of saints or apostles upon a gold ground, the whole mosaic being formed of glass tessera; but the most sumptuous mosaics are those of St. Peter's, of modern execution, which represent so truly the great works of the best Italian painters, that none but a practised eye can detect the difference. Not only the apsis, but the general form of the nave and aisles, of our antient cathedrals is evidently borrowed from the Italian church Basilica. The same is also true of the old village churches of England. The nave corresponds to the testudo, and the side aisles to the porticus; the windows of the nave, which externally are seen above the leanto roof of the aisles, correspond to the opening between the upper part of the columns of the testudo. Modern Basilica exist at the present day in Italy, applied, as the antient were, to civil purposes. Palladio gives the name of Basilica to such public buildings, many of which are found in the Italian towns. Part of the Basilica of the present day serve as the palaces of the magistrates, and in them they administer justice, while the lower parts are occupied by merchants, &c. Speaking of these edifices, Palladio says, Our modern basilicæ differ from the antient in this, that while theirs were on the ground-floor, ours are elevated on arches, and the parts beneath the arches are used as shops, prisons, and for other public purposes. Another difference is that the antients had porticoes only in the interior; the moderns, on the contrary, either have none, or have them on the exterior.' There is an example of such a Basilica at Padua, and another at Brescia; but the most celebrated is that at Vicenza, the exterior of which is after the design of Palladio. The body of the building is supposed by Vincenzio Scamozzi to have been erected during the reign, and by the command, of Theodoric the Goth. This Basilica is 162 feet long by 63 wide; the curved roof is of wood, covered with lead; the great hall is 25 feet 10 inches above the ground-floor, and is supported on piers. This edifice, which reflects great credit on the skill of Palladio, is called at Vicenza 'Il Palazzo della Ragione.' The architect himself, though a modest man, was so well satisfied with his own performance, that he expressed an opinion that this construction was equal to any Basilica of antiquity. In England the town-hall, and in France the Palais de Justice, correspond, in some respects, to the modern Italian Basilica. In modern structures, the form of the Basilica might be applied to markets, for which purpose it is well adapted, both for convenience and ventilation. Liverpool market, which is, perhaps, in these respects, the most perfect in the world, consists of several roofs placed side by side, resembling in some degree the roof of the testudo. (Vitruvius; Nardini's Rome; Nolli's Plan of Rome, with the Fragments of the Ancient Plan; A Series of Geometrical Plans and Sections, and Perspective Views of the Roman Church Basilicæ, by I. G. G., Roma, 1823-24; Eustace's Class. Tour; Plan of Pompeii, by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge; Marquess Galiani's Translation of Vitruvius; Life of Palladio, by M. Quatremère de Quincy; Encyclopédie Méthodique, Architecture; Notizie sulla Antichita e Belle Arti. Roma.) BASILICATA, one of the fifteen provinces of the continental part of the kingdom of the Two Sicilies. It lies south of the Terra di Bari and Capitanata, east of the two Principati, and north of Calabria. It occupies the greater part of the antient Lucania, the remainder of which is included in the province of Principato Citra. Basilicata lies almost wholly on the eastern side of the main ridge of the Apennines, and its rivers flow into the Gulf of Taranto, or the Ionian Sea, as the Italians call it. The main ridge, or backbone of the Apennines, running in a south-east direction through the province of Principato Ultra, forms a large mass above Conza, between the sources of the Ofanto on one side, and those of the Sele on the other. One of the summits of this mass is called Monte Lucano. Having thrown off two lateral branches, one to the eastward towards the peninsula of Otranto, and another westward towards Cape Campanella, the main ridge then enters Basilicata north of the town of Muro, bending almost due east, and giving rise to the Bradano on its eastern, and the Fiume Bianco on its south-western slope. South of the sources of the Bradano, it sends off another branch due east, dividing the waters of the Bradano from those of the Basiento. In this projection is the high summit called Monte Acuto, and on its southern slope are the sources of the Basiento and the town of Potenza. From this point the main ridge runs due south by Marsio Nuovo, between the sources of the Agri, which flows eastward, and those of the river Negro, or Tanagro, which is one of the tributaries of the Sele. It then approaches very near the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, near Lagonegro, above which is the lofty group called Monti Sirini, on the eastern slope of which the Siris, now called Sinno, has its source. Farther south the ridge enters Calabria east of Castelluccia and Rotonda, above which towns it forms the lofty summit called Monte Pollino (Mons Apollineus), which is the highest point in the southern part of the kingdom, being above 7000 feet. A small part of the province of Basilicata lies west of the central ridge, and between it and the Gulf of Policastro, extending about 12 miles along its coast, between Sapri and the river Trecchina. The maritime town of Maratea, and the inland towns of Lagonegro and Lauria, the two last on the high road from Naples to Calabria, belong to this district of Basilicata. Farther north another slip of Basilicata lies also on the western slope of the Apennines, round the town of Muro-a place known in history for the tragical death of Queen Joanna I. But the great bulk of the province lies east of the main ridge, and between it and the Gulf of Taranto. Four rivers (Bradano, Basiento, Agri, and Sinno) run through it from west to east, forming as many long valleys, bounded by offsets from the main chain of the Apennines. These offsets slope down gradually towards the sea, until they sink into a low plain at the distance of about 10 miles from the coast. These were the plains of Metapontum and Heraclea, renowned in former times for their fertility, but now in great measure uninhabited and unwholesome. Proceeding from Taranto along the coast, and turning towards the south, the traveller crosses the river Bradano, and enters Basilicata. On the right bank of the Bradano, and between it and the Basiento, which rivers are only four miles distant from each other, is a square tower called Torre di Mare, built by the Angevine kings as a station for coast-guards. The sea, however, has receded all along this coast, owing to the alluvia carried down by the rivers, so that Torre di Mare is now about a mile distant from the shore. Two miles inland from Torre di Mare are the remains of a Doric temple, the plan and style of which appear to have been similar to those of the temples of Pæstum. Part only of the two sides remains, consisting of two rows of pillars of sandstone, ten in one row and five in the other, the rows being about 42 feet asunder. The pillars are 34 feet in diameter, 16 feet in height, and 8 feet distant from each other. They are fluted and tapering, with a large cyathiform capital, resembling in shape a shallow bowl covered with a thin square stone. They have no base, but they rest upon a kind of plinth which belonged to the whole row, the intermediate parts of which between the columns have been carried away. The rows are in the direction east to west. The columns consist of seven blocks each, including the capital. Part of the architrave is all that remains of the entablature. St. Non's Voyage Pittoresque gives the above dimensions and also two views of the temple. It describes the temple as being two miles inland from Torre di Mare, in the direction of the town of Bernalda, on a rising ground in the middle of a vast plain, and almost at an equal distance between the Bradano and the Basiento. Swinburne, who also saw the temple, inaccurately describes it as close to the mouth of the Basiento, and Keppel Craven, in 1818, accordingly looked for it near the banks of that river and could not find it; but on his return to Naples he was informed that the temple remains nearly in the same state as when Swinburne saw it, and that it lies about four miles from the sea, near the right bank of the Bradano, consequently inland from the road and not between the road and the sea, an indication corresponding pretty nearly to that which is given in the Voyage Pittoresque, as Torre di Mare itself is a mile from the sea-shore, Returning from the temple towards Torre di Mare, and about a mile from the latter place, the authors of the Voyage saw, among the high corn with which the plain was covered, the remains of another temple, of which some massive blocks lay on the ground, as well as the foundations of other buildings, and a hillock formed of bricks and broken pottery: they suppose this to have been the site of the antient Me tapontum, and that the temple now standing was outside of the town. The town of Bernalda, which is six miles from Torredi Mare, in the interior, is chiefly built of old materials carried away from the ruins of Metapontum. Corn is still the chief produce of this plain, and it formerly constituted the great source of wealth of the people of Metapontum, whose medals bear the wheat-sheaf as a mark of the fertility of the country. road leads across the mountains from Potenza through Avigliano to Melfi. Melfi was one of the first places which the Normans became possessed of in Apulia. In the southern part of interior Basilicata there are no towns of any importance: some villages thinly scattered about the valleys were formerly baronial fiefs, the titles of which are still borne by Neapolitan families; such are Stigliano, Laurenzana, Salandra, Francavilla, Marsico Vetere, &c. Proceeding farther south, the traveller crosses the BasiBasilicata extends nearly 80 miles in length, from N. to S ento, the antient Casuentus, by a ferry in winter, and at a ford in summer, about three miles from the sea. Passing from the right bank of the Ofanto, near Melfi, to the mouth through a wide plain (large tracts of which are planted of the river Trecchina on the Gulf of Policastro. Its breadth with liquorice, and others sown with corn, and in which two from E. to W. varies considerably; in its widest part it is small villages, San Teodoro and San Basile, are the only about 60 miles, between the mouth of the Bradano and the habitations), he arrives at another tower called Scanzano, frontiers of Principato Citra, near Marsico Novo. Swinburne on the river Salandrella, once a feudal estate belong- states the surface of the province to be 1,605,000 Neapolitan ing to the Princes of Castellaneta. Between the Salan- moggie, a measure about one-eighth less than the English He states the population as being then 325,000, and drella and the Agri, the next river to the south, the acre. ground becomes uneven, and is partly planted with olives, it is not likely to have increased much since his time, as and partly covered with underwood. The Agri, the antient Basilicata is one of the provinces of the kingdom in which Aciris, rises in the central ridge near Marsico Vetere, about the least progress in agriculture, industry, or commerce has 60 miles from the sea. It is a considerable river, and the been made. Serrittori, in his Saggio Statistico dell'Italia, only one in Basilicata on which a ferry is kept in sum-states the population at 452,000; but another, and a more mer. Between the Agri and the Sinno, which is the next accurate statistical writer, Afan di Rivera, a Neapolitan river to the south, lies Policoro, a large house and farm, colonel of engineers, states, that by drawing a line from once belonging to the Jesuits, and now to the Prince of Montepeloso near Matera in the north, and carrying it Gerace. The estate occupies the whole space between the through the centre of the province southward to Francavilla, two rivers, about four miles in length, and from the sea to the on the borders of Calabria, the whole population found to hills inland, which is nearly an equal distance. Above the the east of this line and between it and the sea, including the valleys of the Bradano, Basiento, Agri, and Sinno, is hills, the higher mountains of interior Basilicata are seen, with the towns of Tursi, Pisticci, and Montalbano, built about 117,000 inhabitants, divided among 33 communes, and upon them. Montalbano is ten miles from Policoro, and spread over a surface of 1200 square miles. This extent has about 6000 inhabitants. The estate of Policoro is well includes more than one-third of the province, and the most cultivated, and produces every variety of corn, vegetables, fertile part of it. The districts of Melfi, Lavello, and Venosa, near the banks of the Ofanto, he calculates to contain and fruit, besides pasture for large herds of cattle. principal revenue, however, arises from the oil and liquorice, about 70,000 inhabitants. The small district west of the a manufactory being established on the estate for the pre- Apennines, which borders on the Gulf of Policastro, with paration of the latter drug. The country abounds with game the towns of Maratea, Lauria (4000 inhabitants), and Lagoof every sort, from the rabbit to the deer and wild boar. In negro, contains, perhaps, 20,000 more. There remains the the winter months, about 1000 persons are employed on the midland mountainous division of the country, which, with estate, but only 150 are permanently on the establishment. the exception of the district of Potenza, the town of TricaHeraclea stood hereabouts, but the precise spot is not known. rico, the district of Muro, and one or two other places, is A few stones, fragments of statues, medals, and also earthen nearly uninhabited, without any roads, and covered with vases, have been found about a mile from Policoro. forests. From all this it appears probable that the whole population of the province does not exceed 300,000, if it reaches that number. The The port of Siris was probably at the mouth of the Sinno, where there is now an open road frequented by vessels, which take in cargoes of corn, liquorice, and other produce of the country. In 1753, two bronze tables, with inscriptions, were found about eight miles above Policoro, on the northern bank of the Agri, near the town of Pisticci, which are known by the name of the Heraclean tables. They are now in the Museum of the Studj at Naples. South of the Sinno, the mountains close upon the sea-coast. Four miles south of the Sinno is Rocca Imperiale, the last town of Basilicata, built on a conical hill, which it crowns to the very summit, after the fashion of the Calabrian towns. Six miles beyond is Roseto, the first town or village of Calabria Citra. The whole coast of Basilicata, from the Bradano to Rocca Imperiale, is about 24 miles. The origin of the name of Basilicata is not well ascertained, though it is believed to have been given to this province by Basilius II., emperor of Constantinople, who reconquered it from the Saracens and the Longobards at the beginning of the eleventh century. (Gatta, Memorie Istoriche della Lucania; Swinburne's Two Sicilies; Keppel Craven's Tour through the Southern Provinces of the Kingdom of Naples; Afan di Rivera, Considerazioni sul Regno delle due Sicilie.) BA'SILISK (Basiliscus, Daudin), in zoology, a genus of Saurian reptiles, belonging to the Iguanian family. It is to be observed that the basilisk of modern erpetology is a very different animal from the basilisk (Bariokoç) or royal serpent of antiquity, the Tsepha or Tsiphoni of the Hebrews, which is translated cockatrice in our English version of the sacred Scriptures, and which was formerly the subject of so many fabulous narrations. The principal circumstances connected with the history of the fabulous basilisk, and of the different occasions upon which it has been mentioned or alluded to in the Scriptures, will be noticed under the head of COCKATRICE, to which they more properly belong than to the present article. For the present we shall confine our attention solely to the basilisks of modern zoologists, and of which, being an American genus (at least its most authentic species), the antients could have had no knowledge. The interior of Basilicata is mountainous and wild. A road branches out of the high road from Naples to Calabria at Auletta, and crossing the Apennine ridge leads to Potenza, which is the capital of Basilicata. It is a town of about 10,000 inhabitants, a bishop's see, the residence of the intendente, or governor, of the province, and the seat of the civil and criminal courts of justice. It contains also the royal college of the province. Many Roman inscriptions have been found at Potenza. (Gatta, Lucania.) A road, the only one that crosses Basilicata from east to west, leads from Potenza, through the town of Tricarico, to Matera, a distance of about 50 miles through a mountainous country. Matera is a considerable town, near the left bank of the Bradano, and The basilisks are distinguished from other genera of the about 20 miles above its entrance into the Gulf of Taranto. It Iguanian reptiles by the absence of the lax and dilatable is an archbishop's see, and was formerly the residence of the skin under the throat, by the want of thigh pores, and still governor of the province. The other towns of the interior more particularly by the elevated crest or fin which, like the are Oppido, Acerenza, and Montepeloso, which are near the dorsals of some fishes, runs along the whole length of the banks of the Bradano, and south of the lateral ridge of back and tail, and is supported by the spinous processes of Apennines above-mentioned, which runs westward towards the dorsal and caudal vertebrae. These processes are largely the Terra d'Otranto. A part of Basilicata, however, stretches developed in most of the family, and in the guanas more beyond and to the north of this ridge, extending to the particularly project far beyond the skin of the back, like the banks of the Ofanto, and into the great plain of Puglia. In dorsal spines of acanthopterygious fishes, and form an inthis division are the towns of Rapolla, Melfi, Atella, La-terrupted range from the occiput to the origin of the tail; yello, and Venosa. This district is very fertile in corn. A but they are not connected by a membrane as in the basi |