Theodore wrote a book Пepl eŵr, De Diis, which | Laërtius who had seen it, says (ii. 97) was not to be contemned; and he adds that it was said to have been the source of many of the statements or arguments of Epicurus. According to Suidas (s. v. Ocódwpos) he wrote many works both on the doctrines of his sect and on other subjects. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. pp. 189, 615, vol. x. pp. 373, 385.)

33. DAPHNOPATES. [DAPHNOPATES.]

34. DECAPOLITA (ó ▲ekaπoxíтns), called also PATRICIUS and QUAESTOR, lived under Constantine VII. Porphyrogenitus, several of whose Novellae were drawn up by our Theodore. (Codinus, De Originibus CPolitanis, p. 78, ed. Paris, p. 155, ed. | Bonn. cum notis Lambecii; Lambec. De Biblioth. Caesaraea, vol. vi. pars i. col. 37.)

35. Of EDESSA, was first a monk of that city, and then archdeacon (Cave says archbishop) of the Church there. Possin and Cave place him in the twelfth century; and Cave observes that the capture of Edessa by the Saracens prevents our placing him later. Ex Cupitibus Theodori Edesseni L. were given in a Latin version subjoined to Pontanus's edition of the works of Symeon of St. Mamas [SYMEON, No. 16], Ingoldstadt, 1603, and were reprinted in the Bibliotheca Patrum, vol. xii. pars i. p. 861, fol. Cologne, 1618; in the Bibliothecae Patrum, Supplementum of Morel, vol. i. Paris, 1639; and in the Bibliotheca Patrum, vol. xxii. p. 752, fol. Lyon, 1677. But they were given more fully, Capitula CII., and in the Greek original as well as in a Latin version, in the Thesaurus Asceticus of Possin, p. 345, 4to. Paris, 1684. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. p. 387; Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 1101, vol. ii. p. 185.)

peror, during his retirement (from B. c. 6 to A. D. 2) to that island, was one of his hearers. (Quintil. Instit. Orat. lib. iii. c. i. §§ 17, 18; comp. Seneca, Suasoria, iii. sub fin.) According to Suidas he was also settled at Rome, where he was the rival of Polemon and Antipater, the rhetoricians (Suidas, s. v. Ceódwpos Tadapeús). Whether his settlement at Rome preceded that at Rhodes is uncertain it is likely that it did, and that Tiberins received instruction from him in rhetoric in his boyhood, as well as in maturer years, during his retreat at Rhodes. By this supposition we may reconcile the statement given above from Quintilian with the following remarkable passage from Suetonius (Tiber. c. 57): — “His (Tiberius's) cruel and sluggish temperament did not escape notice even in his boyhood; Theodore of Gadara, his teacher in rhetoric, seems to have been the first who sagaciously perceived and aptly expressed it by a comparison, calling him from time to time when reproving him (nλdv aluatı tequpuévov), ‘clay tempered with blood."" Theodorus was one of the most eminent rhetoricians of his time (comp. Juve. nal, Sat. vii. 177); and was in fact the founder of a certain school of rhetoricians who were called "Theodorei" (Quintil. . c.; comp. Strab. Geog. lib. xiii. p. 625, Casaub.), as distinguished from the "Apollodorei," or followers of Apollodorus of Pergamus, who had been the tutor of Augustus Caesar at Apollonia. [APOLLODORUS, No. 22.] Hermagoras the rhetorician, surnamed Carion [HERMAGORAS, No. 2], was a pupil of Theodore. (Quintilian, l. c. § 19.) Theodore wrote many works. (Quintil. l. c. c. 18.) Suidas (s.v.) and Eudocia (apud Villoison. Anecdota Graec. vol. i. p. 230) mention the following:- 1. Περὶ τῶν ἐν 36. EPIGRAMMATICUS POETA (ποιητὴς ἐπι- φωναῖς ζητουμένων γ', Libri tres de iis quae voci Ypaμuáτwv), mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius (ii. bus quaeruntur. 2. Пepl iσropias a', De Historia 104), but without any notice of time or country. Liber unus. 3. Περὶ θέσεως ἕν, De Thesi Liber Suidas and Eudocia (s. v.) mention a Theodore, a unus. 4. Περὶ διαλέκτων ὁμοιότητος καὶ ἀποpoet, author of various pieces, especially one ad- | deiçews B', De Dialectorum Similitudine et Demondressed Eis KAеожάтрaν, Ad Cleopatram. Pollux stratione Libri duo. 5. Περὶ πολιτείας β', De also (Onomasticon, iv. 7, 2) mentions a Theodore Republica Libri duo. 6. Περὶ Κοίλης Συρίας α ́, of Colophon, a poet; but whether these writers De Coele-Syria Liber unus. 7. Περὶ ῥήτορος δια refer to the same individual is not certain. Two váμews a', De Facultate Oratoris Liber unus. He adds very short Epigrammata are assigned to "Theo- that he wrote others. The list shows that Theodorus Proconsul," Deodúpov avevпáтoυ (Anthol. dore was a man of varied attainments. His works Graec. Planudea, pp. 140, 220, ed. Stephan., pp. are all lost a few fragments are preserved by 203, 320, ed. Weichel.; Analecta, Brunck, vol. iii. Quintilian, whose frequent references to or citations p. 6, vol. iii. p. 227, ed. Jacobs), but we have no from Theodore (Institut. lib. ii. c. xv. §16, lib. iii. means of knowing whether he is one of those men- c. vi. §§ 2, 36, 51, c. xi. §§ 3, 26, lib. iv. c. i. § tioned above. Jacobs identifies him with a Theo- 23, lib. v. c. xiii. § 59) show the reputation he dorus Illustris, twice proconsul, to whose bust or had attained. He is also cited by Longinus (De statue Agathias wrote an Epigramma Els eiкóva Sublim. c. 2), Theon (Progymnasmat. c. xii.), and codúpou 'INNOVσrpiov kal dis àvoνñáтоυ, Ad perhaps by Demetrius, miscalled Phalereus (De InImaginem Theodori Illustris et bis Proconsul. An- terpretatione, c. ccxxxvii.). Antonius, a son of tholog. Graec. vol. xiii. p. 618, ed. Jacobs), and Theodore of Gadara, became a senator in the time whom, therefore, Jacobs (vol. xiii. p. 960) assigns of Adrian (Suidas, l. c.). (Langbaine, ad Longin. to the age of Justinian I. These various Theodoric. ii. p. 24, ed. Oxford, 1638; Menag. ad Diog. are to be distinguished from Cyrus Theodorus, Kupos Laërt. ii. 104 Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. 139, Ocódwpos [No. 64], whose Epigrammata, in which vol. x. p. 387.) all the chapters of the Old and New Testaments are enumerated, were published at Basel, A. D. 1636. (Jacobs, l. c.)

37. Of GADARA (Oeódwpos Tadapeús), an eminent rhetorician of the age of Augustus. His surname indicates his birth-place, Gadara, in the country east of the Jordan. (See also Strabo, Geogr. lib. xvi. p. 759, Casaub.) He is said to have been originally a slave (Suidas). He appears to have settled at Rhodes, where Tiberius, afterwards em

38. GAZA. [GAZA.]

39. GRAMMATICUS. Athenaeus repeatedly cites either two works of this Theodore, or the same work under two somewhat different titles, 'Attikal yλwooal, Atticae Glossae, and 'ATTIkal pwval, Atticae Voces. (Athen. xi. p. 496, e., xiv. p. 646, c., xv. p. 677, b., p. 678, d., p. 691, c.) Of the age and country of Theodore nothing is known, except that, as he is, in one of the above places (xv. p. 677), cited on the authority of Pamphilus [PAMPHILUS, literary,

No. 4], who is thought to have lived in the first century after Christ, he must be placed in or before that time. (Fabric. Biblioth. Graec. vol. x. p. 395.) 40. GRAPTUS. [GRAPTUS]

41. Afterwards GREGORIUS THAUMATURGUS. [GREGORIUS THAUMATURGUS.]

42. Of HERACLEIA. Theodore, one of the leaders of the Arian party under Constantine the Great and Constantius, was a native of Heracleia . (anciently Perinthus), on the Propontis, and bishop He advocated the Arian of the Church there. doctrine while yet a presbyter, and was raised to the episcopate by the favour of the Arian party. (Athanas. Ad Episcopos Aegypti et Libyae, c. 7, Opp. vol. i. p. 277, ed. Montfaucon.) He is mentioned by Theodoret (H. E. i. 28), as one of those who persuaded Constantine to summon the Council of Caesareia in Palestine, which was, however, countermanded. [ATHANASIUS.] He was probably afterwards present at the Council of Tyre, A. D. 336; for he was one of the delegates sent by that Council into Egypt, to investigate the charges against Athanasius. (Theodoret. H. E. i. 30; Athanas. Apolog. contra Arianos, c. 13, p. 135.) He was one of those who combined to raise Macedonius to the see of Constantinople. (Socrat. H. E. ii. 12.) In A. D. 342 he was one of the delegates sent to convey to the emperor Constans the Confession of Antioch. (Athanas. De Synod. c. 25; Socrat. H. E. ii. 18.) He was one of the Eastern bishops who, in A. D. 347, withdrew from the Council of Sardica, and formed the rival Council of Philippopolis; and was among those on whom the Council of Sardica passed sentence of condemnation and deposition. (Socrat. H. E. ii. 20; Sozomen. H. E. iii. 11, &c. ; Theodoret. H. E. ii. 7, 8; Athanas. Apolog. contra Arianos, c. 36, Historia Arianor. c. 17; Hilar. Pictav. Ex Opere Historico Fragment. iii. 29.) He nevertheless appears to have retained his bishopric, the Council not being able to carry into effect the sentence which they had pronounced. He assisted at the Council of Sirmium and the deposition of Photinus, A. D. 351. (Hilar. Pictav. ibid. vi. 7, col. 1337, ed. Benedictin.) He appears to have died about A. D. 355 (Fabric. Tillemont, ubi infrà) or 358 (Cave, ubi infrà). After the development of the different sections of the Arian party Theodore acted with the Eusebians or Semi-Arians. In an ancient life of St. Parthenius of Lampsacus (apud Acta Sanctorum Februar. a. d. vii. vol. ii. pp. 41, 42), there is a Latin version of a curious account of the sickness, recovery, and subsequent death of Theodore (who, by an obvious error of the translator, called Hypatius); in which account he is charged with avarice and extortion; yet, singular to say, no hint of his heresy is given.

Theodore of Heracleia was a man of eminent learning. He wrote, according to Theodoret (H. E. ii. 3), an exposition of the Gospels, Tv Seiwv evayyeλiwv punvela, Expositio Sanctorum Evangeliorum, and other writings which Theodoret does not specify. Jerome (De Viris Illustr. c. 90) more exactly ascribes to him Commentarii in Matthaeum et in Joannem et in Apostolum (i. e. on the Acts and Apostolic Epistles) et in Psalterium. Corderius published, with his Expositio (s. potius Catena) Patrum Graecorum in Psalmos, an exposition which he had found ascribed in one MS. to Theodore of Heracleia (Θεοδώρου ἐπισκόπου Ἡρακλείας Θράκης épunveía els Tous Yaλpovs, Theodori Episcopi He

racleotae Expositio in Psalmos), and consequently published it as his. Lambecius, Cave, and Fabricius, joined Corderius in ascribing it to Theodore ; but the identity of many parts of this commentary with that of Basil of Caesareia led Garnier to doubt whether it was correctly ascribed to Theodore; and, on further examination, it was found to be a compilation from various fathers, from Origen and Didymus downward. (Lambec. Commentar. de Bib lioth. Caesaraea, vol. iii. col. 56, &c., ed. Kollar, especially Kollar's note on col. 59; Fabric. Biblioth. Graec. vol. viii. p. 652, vol. ix. pp. 20, 319, alibi; Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 334, vol. i. p. 202; Tillemont, Mémoires, vol. vi. passim ; Oudin, Commentarius de Scriptoribus Eccles. vol. i. col. [J. C. M.] 319.)

43. Of HERMOPOLIS, a Greek jurist. See below. 44. HYMNOGRAPHUS. [STUDITA.] 45. HYRTACENUS, a native probably not of Hyrtacus or Artacina in Crete, but of Artace, near Cyzicus, on the Propontis. He lived in the time of the emperor Andronicus the elder, and occupied at Constantinople the office of superintendent of the public teachers of rhetoric and belles lettres.

He was well acquainted with the works of the ancient poets, as is abundantly testified by his extant writings, which are full of quotations from them, though these are not always of the most appropriate kind. The diction of his address to the Virgin is a close imitation of the hymn of Callimachus to Diana; and in his panegyric on Saint Anna he has introduced the fable of Niobe. There are still extant by him ninety-three letters to different persons; a congratulatory address to the emperor Andronicus the elder, on his return to Constantinople; three funeral orations, one on the emperor Michael Palaeologus the younger, who died A. D. 1320, another on the empress Irene, the second wife of Andronicus the elder, and the third on Nicephorus Chumnus, the historical value of which is greatly impaired by their rhetorical style. They contain a plentiful sprinkling of biblical and Homeric passages. His panegyric on the Virgin Mary, his oratorical description of the garden of Saint Anna near Nazareth, and a panegyric on Aninas Thaumaturgus, are still in MS. letters were published by Laporte du Theil, in the Notices et Extraits des Manuscrits de la Bibl. du Roi, vol. v. p. 709, &c., vol. vi. p. 1. The four orations are printed in Boissonade's Anecdota Graeca, vol. i. p. 248-292. (Fabric Bibl. Graec. vol. x. p. 397; Scholl, Geschichte der Griech. Lit. vol. iii. p. 151.)

His

46. JACOBITA. More than one dignitary of One the Jacobite sect or church bore this name. was created bishop of Irta in a. D. 551. Another, patriarch of the Jacobites, died A. D. 665. (Assemann. Bibl. Orient. vol, i. p. 167; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. p. 398.)

47. Bishop of ICONIUM, a letter by whom, on the martyrdom of St. Cericus and his mother Julitta, was published by Combefisius. (Lect. Triumph. Martyr. Christi, Paris, 1660; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. p. 398; Cave, Hist. Lit. vol. i. p. 534.) 48. LECTOR. [No. 8.]

49. MALLIUS or MANLIUS, a contemporary of St. Augustin, who dedicated to him his work De Vita beata. He was consul in A. D. 399. A Latin work by him (De Rerum Natura) is still extant, though not published. A life of Theodorus, written by Albertus Rubenius, was published by Graevius

(Ultraject. 1694.) Theodorus Manlius has been | Several distinguished ecclesiastics are mentioned sometimes confounded with the poet Manilius.

50. MATHEMATICUS. [No. 31.]

51. MECHANICUS, a person of whom nothing more is known than that Proclus addressed to him his treatise De Providentia et Futo. There was a younger mechanician of this name who lived in the time of Justinian, and to whom Leontius dedicated his treatise on the sphere. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. p. 400.)

as his disciples, as Nestorius, Joannes of Antioch, Andreas of Samosata, Maris the Persian, Theodoretus bishop of Cyrus, Rufinus the Syrian, and Barsumas the Persian. His brother Polychronius was bishop of Apamea.

Theodorus took an active interest in the Augus tinian controversy, and wrote a work on the doctrine of original sin, directed especially against Jerome. (Photius, Cod. 177.) Though from his antagonism to the theology of Augustine he naturally approximated somewhat to that of Pelagius, his opinions differed from those of the latter in several most important respects, especially with respect to the necessity and effects of Christ's work. This he regarded as intended not so much to restore a ruined nature as to enable a created and imperfect nature to realise the true end of its

52. MELITENIOTA, a native apparently of Melitene in Armenia, filled the offices of Sacellarius Magnus and Chief Teacher (didάonaλos Túv didaoKáλwv) in the great church at Constantinople towards the close of the twelfth century. He was the author of a work on astronomy, the introduction and first chapter of which were published by Ismael Bulloaldus, appended to his edition of Ptolemaeus, De judicandi Facultate et Animi Prin-existence: its new creation consisting in its being cipatu, Paris, 1663, and reprinted by Fabricius (Bibl. Graec. vol. x. p. 401, &c.).

53. METOCHITA. [METOCHITA.] 54. Of MILETUS, a Stoic philosopher mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius (ii. 104).

55. MONOTHELITA. [BYZANTIUS, PHARANITAS.]

lopment being more certain and rapid than in men generally, from the indwelling Divine Word aiding his human will, though not superseding it. But the exaltation of Christ's humanity to divine perfection and immutability, while commencing from his birth, was not complete till his resurrection.

raised into a higher sphere, and rendered capable of a development overstepping the limits of finite nature, a divine life exalted above temptation and change, through union with God. In this purpose he held that all intelligent beings were included, and therefore of course denied the eternity of future punishment, and, if he carried his 56. MOPSUESTENUS, bishop of Mopsuestia, was principles out consistently, his scheme must have born at Antioch, of distinguished and wealthy pa- admitted of the restoration of the fallen angels. rents. Together with Joannes Chrysostomus he His view of Christ's nature bore an analogy to his studied rhetoric under Libanius, and afterwards conceptions of the destiny of man. He accepted philosophy under Andragathus. At an early age the doctrine of the incarnation of the Divine Word, he embraced the monastic life, after the example of but looked upon the moral development of the his friend Chrysostom, by whom he was strength-human nature of Christ as progressive; that deveened in his purpose of adhering to the monastic discipline, when he was on the point of marrying a lady named Hermione. Two of the letters of Chrysostom, addressed to Theodorus on this subject, are still extant. Theodorus studied sacred literature with great diligence under Flavianus of Antioch, Diodorus of Tarsus, and Craterius. From Theodorus was a somewhat voluminous writer. Antioch he removed to Tarsus, and about the 1. One of his earliest works was that Пepi èran year 394 succeeded Olympius, as bishop of Mop- @pwπnσews Tоû μоvoyevous, against the Arians, suestia, in Cilicia. He was present at the council Eunomians and Apollinarists (Marius Mercator, ii. held in A. D. 394 at Constantinople, and subse- p. 259). 2. Facundus (iii. 2) quotes from the quently at several others. He died in A. D. 429, after thirteenth book of a work which he entitles Mys having filled the office of bishop for thirty-six years, ticus. 3. Photius (Cod. 4. 177) mentions a work and was succeeded by Meletius. For fifty years Ὑπὲρ Βασιλείου κατὰ Εὐνομίου. in twenty-fve or he had occupied a conspicuous position as a preacher twenty-eight books (unless, as some suppose, Photius and writer in the Eastern Church, and had distin- speaks of two distinct works). 4. De adsumente et guished himself as the opponent of the Arians, adsumto, fragments of which are extant (Collect. Apollinarists, and other heretics. His own theo-iv. Synodi v.). The preface is given by Facundus logical position is a subject which has given rise to a great deal of discussion, into the details of which we cannot here enter. Even during his lifetime he was accused of favouring the heresy of Pelagius, and is said to have found it necessary to establish his reputation for orthodoxy, by a retractation of his suspicious expressions. He, at all events, remained unmolested in the communion of the Church. After his death, however, the Nestorians appealed to his writings in confirmation of their opinions, and at the fifth oecumenical council (A. D. 553) Theodorus and his writings were condemned. He found, however, many warm defenders, especially Facundus. [FACUNDUS.] Among those who most bitterly assailed him and his writings were Leontius, Cyril of Alexandria, Rabulas of Edessa, and others. His works were held in great repute among the Syrian Churches, and many of them were translated into Syriac, Arabic, and Persian. His memory was revered among the Nestorians.

(x. 1). 5. Περὶ τῆς ἐν Περσίδι μαγικῆς (Phot. Cod. 81), in three books. 6. A work in five books, Πρὸς τοὺς λέγοντας φύσει καὶ οὐ γνώμῃ πταίειν Tоùs àveρúπovs, in which he especially attacked Jerome, and indirectly at least, Augustine (Photius, Cod. 177. From a misunderstanding of the expressions in Photius, Salmasius was led into the error of supposing that Theodorus prepared another Greek version of the Scriptures). 7. Theodorus was especially celebrated as a commentator on the Scriptures. In this department he seems to have begun to exert his powers at a very early age. (Leontius, lib. 3. cont. Nest. et Eut. p. 696.) In his expositions he aimed at educing the literal sense of passages, avoiding the allegorical interpretations of Origenes and his followers. He appears to have written upon almost all the books of the Bible, though he rejected the canonical authority of several (the Book of Job, the Canticles, the Epistle of James the Second and Third Epistles

Manes, Paul of Samosata, Apollinarius, Theodorus of Mopsuestia, Nestorius, and Eutyches. Combéfis considers Theodorus of Rhaithu to be the same with the monk Theodorus, to whose inquiries Maximus the Confessor wrote a reply. (Marini opp. vol. ii. p. 151). It is also doubtful whether Theodorus of Rhaithu was identical or not with the Theodorus Presbyter, whose treatise to prove the genuineness of the writings attributed to Dionysius the Areopagite, is mentioned by Photius (Cod. 1). The treatise of Theodorus on the Incarnation was first published in the Latin translation of Godfr. Tilmann (Paris, 1566). It was first published in Greek by Theodorus Beza, in 1576. The best edition is that by Carpzov (Helms. stad. 1779-80). Three of the smaller works of Theodorus Abucara have by some been erroneously attributed to Theodorus of Rhaithu. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. x. p. 430; Cave, Hist. Litt. SS. Eccles. vol. i. p. 587.)

66. Of SAMOTHRACE, a writer from whom Ptolemaeus Hephaestion quotes the statement that Jupiter, after his birth, laughed for seven days continuously, and that hence seven came to be regarded as a perfect number. It is perhaps this Theodorus who is quoted by the scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius (iv. 264). Comp. Vossius, de Hist. Grace. p. 503.

67. SANTABARENUS, the contemporary and friend of Photius. For some account of him the reader is referred to the article PHOTIUS. [Vol. III. p. 350.] This Theodorus was also noted as a composer of hymns.

books of the Pentateuch, Joshua, Judges, the four books of Kings, the four Gospels, and the Acts of the Apostles. Published, first, at Basel (1536), and afterwards at Angers (Juliomagi, 1632). 8. Τετράστιχα ἰαμβεῖα καὶ ἡρῶα εἰς τὰ κεφαλαιωδῶς ῥηθέντα ἐν τῷ βίῳ Γρηγορίου τοῦ Θεολόγου, τοῦ μεγάλου Βασιλείου καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Χρυσοστόμου. 9. Прoσwvпτikol, elegiac verses, in which he addresses the Apostle Paul, Gregorius Theologus, Basil, Chrysostom, Gregorius of Nyssa, and Nicolaus. 10. 'Iάu6o σXETλiaσtikol eis Thy прóvolαν; a poem on Providence. 11. An iambic poem against a man of the name of Barys, who had attempted to brand him as a heretic. 12. Els εἰκονισμένον τῷ βίῳ (In imaginem vitae); some verses of a political kind. 13. NOVOETIKOL Karà plovoúvτwv (iambi ad Invidos). 14. Some iambics without any heading (in hortum). The poems numbered 7-12 were published by Honter and Guntius (Basil. 1536) and by Erard (Lips. 1598). 15. Epistles, published in a miscellaneous collection by P. Lazeri (Rome 1754). 16. A piece consisting of 102 senarii Kaтà piλопóрνоυ ypaós, erroneously ascribed by Birger Thorlacius to Manuel Philes, and published by him in Manueli Philae duo carmina anecdota (Copenhagen, 1813), and Opuscula Academica, vol. iii. p. 65. (ibid. 1815.) 17. 'E§ń- | ynois, or Exposition of the Canones or Hymns appropriated to the Dominical festivals. 18. An epitome of the commentaries of Theodoretus on the Psalms. 19. De Processione Spiritus sancti. 20. A lexicon, a treatise on the grammar of Moschopulus, and some other grammatical notes and treatises (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vi. p. 350). 21. An 68. Bishop of SCYTHOPOLIS, the author of a astronomical poem, addressed to the Sebastocrato-treatise against Origenes, presented to the emperor rissa Irene. 22. A poem of 128 hexameters, Justinian. This treatise was published by Montaddressed to the emperor Joannes Comnenus, on faucon. (Catal. Bibl. Coislinianae, p. 94-96. the conquest of Kastamon (Germanicopolis) in Paris, 1715.) Paphlagonia. 23. One hundred and eighteen hexameters, in which he sues for the favour of Anna Comnena (the wife of Nicephorus Bryennius). 24. A poem consisting of 100 lines Karà μakрoγενείου δοκοῦντος εἶναι διὰ τοῦτο σοφοῦ. 25. Α description of the entry of Joannes Comnenus into Constantinople after the conquest of Kastamon, in 230 heroic verses. 26. A poem of 296 hexameters, addressed to Joannes Comnenus, on the reconquest of Kastamon, and the occupation of Gaugra. 27. A piece consisting of 50 hexameters, in which Theodorus, on his departure from Constantinople, complains of having met with no reward for his labours. (Nos. 20-26 are not mentioned by Fabricius. They exist in MS. at Paris. See La Porte du Theil, Notices et Extraits des MSS. de la Bibl. &c. vol. viii. pt. ii.) 28. In posteriora Analytica Aristotelis, and ПepléπidEIKTIKOV. 29. De pauco et multo, magno et parvo, quod non sint relativa sed contraria. 30. Various essays on matters of theology and ecclesiastical discipline. (Fabricius, l. c.; Schöll, Geschichte der Griech. Litteratur, vol. iii. p. 81, &c.)

65. RHAITHUENSIS, lived in the middle of the seventh century in the monastery of Rhaithu, near Elim, in Palestine. He was the author of a work on the incarnation of Christ, entitled, Пpoπαρασκευή τις καὶ γυμνασία τῷ βουλομένῳ μαθεῖν τίς ὁ τρόπος τῆς θείας ἐνανθρωπήσεως καὶ οίκονομίας, καθ ̓ ὃν πέπρακται καὶ τίνα τὰ πρὸς τοὺς ταύτην μὴ ὀρθῶς νοοῦντας λεγόμενα παρὰ τῶν τῆς ἐκκλησίας τροφίμων, the object of which was to defend the orthodox view against the heresies of

69. STUDITA, abbot of the monastery of Studium, was born at Constantinople in A. D. 759. In 781 he entered the monastery of Sacudium, which was presided over by his uncle Plato; and on the resignation of the latter, succeeded him in 794. Theodorus was one of the most vehement opposers of the Iconoclasts, and his zeal procured him considerable reputation, especially with the monks. In 795, when the emperor Constantinus married Theodote, Theodorus took upon himself to anathematize that emperor, and to denounce the patriarch Tarasius, and in the following year was scourged and banished to Thessalonica. On the death of the emperor in 797, Theodorus was brought back to Constantinople with great pomp, and was regarded with great favour by Irene, to whom he offered the most abject flattery. In the following year, in consequence of the incursions of the Saracens, he removed to the monastery of Studium, within the city. In 806, when Nicephorus was made patriarch, and the abbot Josephus, who had sanctioned the marriage of Constantinus, was restored to the communion of the Church by a council held at Constantinople, the wrath of Theodorus was again excited, and he refused all communion with the patriarch. He was joined in his violent proceedings by a large number of monks, and, when reproved by the Pope Leo, replied in an insolent and angry tone. These proceedings led to his being again banished in 809, together with his brother Josephus and the abbot Plato, to an island near Byzantium. In 811, on making his submission to Nicephorus, he was set at liberty