sener, to be strangled (Dict. Cret. iv. 9), or that Troilus, when fleeing from Achilles, ran into the temple of the Thymbraean Apollo, where Achilles slew him on the same spot where he himself was afterwards killed. (Tzetz. ad Lyc. 307.) [L. S.] TRO'ILUS (Tpúïλos), a sophist of some distinction, who taught at Constantinople, under Arcadius and Honorius, at the beginning of the fifth century of our era, was a native of Side in Pamphylia. Among his disciples were Eusebius Scholasticus, Ablabius, a Novatian bishop of Nicaea, and Silvanus, bishop of Philippopolis. He wrote, according to Suidas, Aóyo TоλITIKOί, and seven books of letters. (Socrat. H. E. vi. 6, vii. 1, 27; Suid. s. v.; Fabric. Bibl. Gracc. vol. vi. p. 140; Clinton, Fast. Rom. s. aa. 401, 408.) There is an epigram in the Greek Anthology on the athlete Lyron, ascribed to a grammarian Troïlus, whom Schneider and Jacobs identify with the Sophist; though Fabricius supposes the two persons to be different, without stating his reason. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i. p. 498; Brunck, Anal. vol. ii. p. 450; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. iii. p. 155, vol. xiii. p. 962.) [P.S.] TROPHILUS (Tpópiλos), a physician quoted by Stobaeus (Flor. cii. 9), who said that he was a perfect physician who was able to distinguish what was possible from what was not. He may, perhaps, be the same person who wrote a book entitled Συναγωγὴ Ακουσμάτων Θαυμασίων, which is quoted by Stobaeus (ibid. c. 22-24). Fabricius says (Bibl. Graec. vol. xiii. p. 439, ed. vet.) that Trophilus is also mentioned by Plutarch in his Salutaria Praecepta, and if this be so (for the writer has not been able to find the passage) he must have lived some time in or before the first century after Christ. [W. A. G.] (Maffei, Mus. Veron. p. ccxxx. 1; R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 419, 420, 2d ed.) [P. S.] TROPHON or GROPHON, is supposed to have been the maker of the statue of Ecphanto, the daughter of Zeus, the inscription belonging to which we still possess, namely, the well-known Melian inscription. The last word of the inscription is TPOПHON, where it is not quite clear whether the first letter is T or F, but most scholars take it for the latter. The whole inscription runs thus, when the orthography is modernized: Παὶ Διὸς Ἐκφαντώ, δέξαι τόδ ̓ ἀμεμφὲς ἄγαλμα, σοὶ γὰρ ἐπευχόμενος τοῦτ ̓ ἐτέλεσσε Γρόφων. (Welcker, Rhein. Mus. 1848, vol. vi. p. 383.) [P.S.] TROPHONIUS (Tpopúvios), a son of Erginus, king of Orchomenus, or of Apollo. He with his brother Agamedes built the temple at Delphi and the treasury of king Hyrieus in Boeotia. (Hom. Hymn. in Apoll. 296; Paus. ix. 37 and 39; Strab. ix. p. 421.) After his death he was worshipped as a hero, and had a celebrated oracle in a cave near Lebadeia in Boeotia. (Herod. i. 46; Strab. p. 414; Eurip. Ion, 300; Aristoph. Nub. 502; Comp. Dict. of Antiq. s. v. Oraculum.) [L. S.] ix. TROS (Tpús). 1. A son of Erichthonius and Astyoche, and a grandson of Dardanus. He was married to Calirrhoë, by whom he became the father of Ilus, Assaracus and Ganymedes, and was king of Phrygia. (Hom. I. xx. 230.) The country and people of Troy derived their name from him. He gave up his son Ganymedes to Zeus for a present of horses. (Paus. v. 24. § 1; Apollod. iii. 12. § 2; comp. GANYMEDES.) 2. A Trojan, a son of Alastor, who was slain by Achilles. (Hom. Il. xx. 462.) [L. S.] TRYPHAENA (Tpúpava). 1. Daughter of Ptolemaeus VII., surnamed Euergetes II., married Antiochus VIII. (Grypus), king of Syria. Her sister Cleopatra was married to Antiochus IX. (Cyzicenus). In the civil wars between Grypus and Cyzicenus, Cleopatra fell into the power of the former, and was murdered by order of her own sister Tryphaena. Shortly afterwards Tryphaena was taken prisoner by Cyzicenus, who put her to death to avenge the murder of his wife. (Justin. xxxix. 3, 4) 2. Daughter of Ptolemaeus XI. Auletes, died in the life-time of her father. (Porphyr. ap. Euseb. p. 120.) TRYPHIODO'RUS (Tpvpiódwpos), a Greek grammarian, was born in Egypt. Nothing more is known of his personal history. All that is known of the time when he lived is that he was later than Nestor of Laranda [NESTOR], whom he imitated. Some place him as late as the fifth century. Of the grammatical labours of Tryphiodorus we have no records. He is known to us only as a versifier. He wrote a poem called Mapataviakά: another entitled Τὰ καθ' Ιπποδάμειαν ; a third called 'Odvσσeia λeimoyрáμμaтos. This was so called, according to Eustathius (Proleg. ad Odyss. p. 4), because no word was admitted into it which contained the letter σ. It is difficult however to conceive of the composition of an Odyssey from which the name of Odysseus must have been excluded. The account of the matter given by Hesychius is more probable, that from the first book the letter a was excluded, from the second B, and so on (Hes. s. v. NéσTwp). In any case it must have been a miserable exercise of ingenuity. A fourth work of Tryphiodorus was Пapápparis Tŵv 'Oμhрov пapabox@v. All these, and others not more distinctly named, have perished. The only effort of the muse of Tryphiodorus which has come down to us is his Ιλίου ἅλωσις, a poem consisting of 691 lines. From the small dimensions of it, it is necessarily little but a sketch. It is not, like the poem of Quintus Smyrnaeus, a continuation of the Iliad; it is an independent poem. After a brief indication of the subject, there follows a meagre recapitulation of some of the chief events since the death of Hector, given in the clumsiest and most confused manner, without any indication of the mode in which they were connected together. The proper subject of the poem begins with the account of the building of the wooden horse. Tryphiodorus describes minutely the painting and other adornments of the work, and enumerates the heroes who took their places in it; not forgetting to mention the ambrosial food with which Athene provided them. In his account of Sinon Tryphiodorus agrees more with Virgil, not with Quintus, who represents him as mutilated by the Trojans before he would tell them the purpose of the wooden horse. The episode of Laocoon is entirely omitted. After the horse had been brought into the temple of Athene, Venus, assuming the form of an old Trojan woman, discloses to Helen the trick of the Greeks, and informs her that Menelaus is among the heroes inside. Intending to bring about their detection, she goes to the temple, and within the hearing of the warriors talks of their wives in Greece. Stifled sighs and tears escape from the heroes. Anticlus is on the point of betraying the whole scheme by speaking aloud, but Ulysses claps his hands over his mouth, and holds them so tight that he smothers him. Athene appears and sends Helen home again. This scene is the only part of the poem which has much merit. A somewhat lengthy, though otherwise tolerably good description of the scenes which ensued upon the sack and destruction of the city, is followed by a meagre notice of some of the chief special incidents. 3. See DIODORUS TRYPHON, Vol. I. p. 1017, b. 4. Tryphon the Jew, whose name appears in Justin's well-known dialogue, hardly falls within the limits of this work. All the particulars respecting him which are necessary for understanding Jerome, and they are very few, will be found in the dialogue itself. (See also Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 62.) [P.S.] TRYPHON (Tpúpwv), artists. .1. An eminent engraver of precious stones, whose beryl, engraved with a figure of the sea-nymph Galene, is mentioned in an epigram by Addaeus (No. 6, Brunek, Anal. vol. ii. p. 242), who appears to have lived in the time of Alexander the Great and his successors. There is a very celebrated gem by him in the collection of the Duke of Marlborough, representing the reconciliation of Eros and Psyche (Bracci, ii. 114), of which there are several copies; one of the best of these is in the Museum at Naples (Visconti, Op. Var. vol. ii. p. 192, No. 114). There is also a carnelian, engraved with a figure of Eros riding on a lion, bearing the inscription TPTN, in the Museum of the Hague (De Jonge, Notice, p. 148, No. 16); and another gem, mentioned by Raspe (Catal. de Tassie, No. 15454), with the inscription TPYN EПOIЄI. His name also occurs on another gem, in the Museum of the Hague (De Jonge, p. 151, No. 12; Caylus, Recueil, v. pl. liii. No. 5, p. 148); but in this case the inscription is certainly a modern forgery. (R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 157, 158.) 2. An architect, of Alexandria, who flourished in the time of Demetrius Poliorcetes, and distinguished himself in the defence of Apollonia, by the invention of an ingenious plan of countermining. (Vitruv. x. 22. s. 16. § 10, Schneider.) [P.S.] TRYPHON (Tpúpav). 1. A surgeon, who The poem of Tryphiodorus was first published in connection with those of Quintus Smyrnaeus and Coluthus. A separate edition, accompanied by a Latin translation in verse, was published by F. Jamot (Paris, 1557). Frischlin and Rhodomann published a critical edition with Latin versions in prose and metre. (Frankfurt, 1588.) An improved edition of Triphiodorus was published by J. Merrick | (Oxford, 1741), in which several omissions were supplied from fresh MSS. Merrick also published an English translation and a treatise on Tryphio- | dorus (Oxford, 1739). The edition of Bandini, (Florence 1765) contained a collection of the various readings of two new MSS. He did little for the text however. His critical apparatus was applied to that object by Thomas Northmore in his edition of the poet (Cambridge 1791, London, 1804). A splendid folio edition was printed by Bodoni at Parma in 1796. An equally imposing edition, and one more correct, was published by Tauchnitz (Leipzig 1808) under the superintend-lived at Rome shortly before the time of Celsus, ence of G. H. Schaefer. A critical edition with that is, probably in the first century B. C. (Cels. the notes of Merrick, Schaefer, and others, and De Med. vi. 5, vii. 1. pp. 117, 137.) As Celsus some of his own, was published by F. A. Wernicke calls him "Tryphon pater," there would seem to (Leipzig 1819). Besides the Latin and English have been another medical man of the same name, translations, there is one in German by B. Thiersch. who lived somewhat later. This is perhaps also (Suidas, s. v.; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i. p. 526; implied by Galen when he speaks of Tpvoor d Schöll, Gesch. der Griechischen Litteratur, vol. iii. apxaîos (De Compos. Medicum. sec. Loc. vii. 3. p. 73, &c.) [C. P. M.] vol. xii. p. 843), who may perhaps be the same TRYPHON (Tpúpwv), literary. 1. Of Alex-person as the "Tryphon pater" of Celsus, and who andria, the son of Ammonius, a grammarian and poet, lived before and during the reign of Augustus (Suid. s. v.). A long list of his works, in almost every department of grammar, is given by Suidas, and an account of several of them, which exist in MS., will be found in Fabricius (Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. 351, comp. pp. 165, 192, 319, 321, 381, and vol. i. p. 526). 2. The son of Hermes, the author of an epigram in the Greek Anthology, on the sudden death of the harp-player Terpes, who was killed in the Scias of Sparta, by having a fig thrown into his open mouth. There is a passage of Suidas (s. v. Γλυκὺ μέλι καὶ πνιξάτω), which makes it all but certain that the Terpes of the epigram is no other than the celebrated Terpander, and that the epigram refers to a traditional account of his death, in which, as in similar stories of the end of other poets, even the manner of his decease was made symbolical of the sweetness of his compositions. Respecting Tryphon himself we have no further information. (Brunck, Anal. vol. ii. p. 451; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. iii. p. 157, vol. x. p. 296, vol. xiii. p. 963.) is certainly the surgeon quoted by Scribonius Largus (De Compos Medicam. c. 69. § 201. p. 227. Cf. Gal. De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. iv. 13, vol. xiii. p. 745) and apparently his tutor (ibid. c. xliv. § 175. p. 222), and perhaps also the physician mentioned by Caelius Aurelianus (De Morb, Chrom. i. 4. p. 323). Tryphon, the native of Gortyna in Crete, who is quoted by Galen (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Loc. ix. 2. vol. xiii. pp. 246, 253) is also perhaps the same person; but the writer on gymnastics, mentioned by Galen (Ad Thrasyb, de Medic. et Gymnast. c. 47. vol. v. p. 898) probably lived earlier. 2. The physician introduced by Plutarch as one of the speakers in his Symposiaca (iii. 1. § 2, 3 ; 2. § 1, 2), if he was a real personage, lived in the first century after Christ. [W. A. G.] TRYPHON, DIO'DOTUS (Aiódotos & Tpúpwv), a usurper of the throne of Syria during the reign of Demetrius II. Nicator. After the death of Alexander Balas in B. c. 146, Tryphon first set up Antiochus, the infant son of Balas, as a pretender against Demetrius; but in B. c. 142 he murdered Antiochus and reigned as king himself. TRYPHONINUS. Tryphon was defeated and put to death by Antio- | tit. 3. s. 78. § 4) speaks of giving his opinion in the chus Sidetes, the brother of Demetrius, in B. c. 139," auditorium," which may be that of Papinian. after a reign of three years. For details and autho- Tryphoninus appears to have studied Cicero's rities, see DEMETRIUS II., p. 967. TRYPHON, SA'LVIUS, one of the leaders of the revolted slaves in Sicily, had been accustomed to play on the flute in the orgies of the women, and was supposed to have a knowledge of divination, for which reason he was elected king by the slaves in B. C. 103. He displayed considerable abilities, and in a short time collected an army of 20,000 foot and 2000 horse, with which he laid siege to Morgantina, a strong city in Sicily. The propraetor P. Licinius Nerva obtained possession of the camp of the slaves by surprise, but was afterwards defeated by Salvius. After this victory Salvius assumed all the pomp of royalty. He administered justice in the toga praetexta, surrounded himself with lictors, and took the surname of Tryphon, probably because it had been borne by Diodotus, the usurper of the Syrian throne. He chose the strong fortress of Triocala as the seat of his new kingdom; and his power was still further strengthened by the submission of Athenion, who had been elected leader of the slaves in the western part of the island. The insurrection had now assumed such a formidable aspect, that the senate sent the propraetor L. Licinius Lucullus into Sicily in the following year (B. c. 102) with a force of 17,000 men, the greater part of which were regular Roman or Italian troops. Tryphon, however, did not hesitate to meet this force in the open field. Athenion, whom he had first thrown into prison through jealousy, but had afterwards released, fought under him with the greatest bravery, and was severely wounded in the battle. The slaves were defeated with great slaughter, and Tryphon was obliged to take refuge in Triocala. But Lucullus, whether from incapacity or treachery. failed in taking the place, and returned to Rome without effecting any thing more. Lucullus was succeeded by C. Servilius; and on the death of Tryphon, about the same time, the kingdom of the slaves devolved upon Athenion, who was not subdued till B. c. 101. (Diod. Eclog. ex lib. XXXVI. p. 533, foll. ed. Wess.; Flor. iii. 19.) TRYPHONINUS, CLAUDIUS, a Roman jurist, wrote under the united reign of Septimius Severus, and his son Antoninus Caracalla (Dig. 48. tit. 19. s. 39); and he survived Severus, who died A. D. 212, for he speaks of "Imperator noster cum Divo Severo patre suo" (Dig. 27. tit. 1. s. 44). There is extant a rescript of Antoninus (A. D. 213) addressed to Claudius Tryphoninus, which declares that a legacy left by Cornelia Salvia to the "universitas" of the Jews in Antioch could not be sued for (Cod. 1. tit. 9. s. 1). It is probable that this rescript was addressed to Tryphoninus in the capacity of Advocatus Fisci. Tryphoninus (Dig. 23. writings he quotes the oration Pro Cluentio TU BERO, AELIUS. 1. P. AELIUS TUBERO, was elected plebeian aedile B. c. 202, but resigned his office, together with his colleague L. Laetorius, because there had been some fault in the auspices at their election. He was praetor the following year, B. C. 201, when he obtained Sicily as his province. In B. c. 189 he was one of the ten commissioners sent into Asia after the conquest of Antiochus; and in B. c. 177 he was again elected praetor. (Liv. xxx. 39, 40, xxxvii. 55, xli. 8.) 2. Q. AELIUS TUBERO, tribune of the plebs B. C. 194, proposed a plebiscitum, in accordance with a decree of the senate, for founding two Latin colonies in southern Italy; one among the Bruttii, and the other in the territory of Thurii. He was appointed one of the three commissioners for the foundation of the latter colony. (Liv. xxxiv. 53, xxxv. 9.) 3. Q. AELIUS TUBERO, the son-in-law of L. Aemilius Paulus, served under the latter in his war against Perseus, king of Macedonia. After Perseus had been taken prisoner, he was committed by Aemilius to the custody of Tubero. This Tubero, like the rest of his family, was so poor that he had not an ounce of silver plate, till his father-in-law gave him five pounds of plate from the spoils of the Macedonian monarch. (Liv. xlv. 7, 8; Val. Max. iv. 4. § 9; Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 11; Plut. Aemil. Paul. 28.) 4. Q. AELIUS TUBERO, the son of No. 3, the jurist. See below TUBERO, jurists, No. 1. 5. L. AELIUS TUBERO, an intimate friend of Cicero. He was a relation and a schoolfellow of the orator, had served with him in the Marsic war, and had afterwards served under his brother Quintus as legate in Asia. It is uncertain in what way he was related to Cicero. The Scholiast on the oration for Ligarius says (pp. 415, 417, ed.' Orelli) that Tubero married the soror of Cicero. We know that Cicero had not a sister; but the brother of the orator's father may have had a daughter, who was married to Tubero; and hence we may understand soror to signify in this passage, as it frequently does, a first cousin, and not a sister. (Drumann, Geschichte Roms, vol. vi. p. 273.) On the breaking out of the civil war, Tubero, who had espoused the Pompeian party, received from the senate the province of Africa; but as Atius Varus and Q. Ligarius, who likewise belonged to the aristocratical party, would not surrender it to him, he passed over to Pompey in Greece. He was afterwards 'pardoned by Caesar and returned with his son Quintus to Rome. (Cic. pro Lig. 4, 7, 8, ad Q. Fr. i. 1. § 3, pro Planc. 41.) Tubero cultivated literature and philosophy. He wrote a history (Cic. ad Q. Fr. 1. c.), and the philosopher Aenesidemus dedicated to him his work on the sceptical philosophy of Pyrrhon. (Phot. Cod. 212.) 6. Q. AELIUS TUBERO, the son of No. 5, the jurist. See below, No. 2. TUBERO, AELIUS, jurists. 1. Q. AELIUS TUBERO, called the Stoic, was a pupil of Panaetius; and one of the scholars of Panaetius dedicated to Tubero a treatise De Officiis (Cic. de Off. iii. 15). He was the son of Q. Aelius Tubero, who was the son-in-law of L. Aemilius Paulus. [See above, No. 3.] Tubero the son had a reputation for talent and legal knowledge. (Cic. Brut. 31, pro Muren. c. 36; Tac. Ann. xvi. 22; Gell. i. 22.) Plutarch (Lucull. c. 39) attributes to this Tubero the saying that Lucullus was "Xerxes in a toga ;" but this is a mistake, for Tubero the Stoic was a contemporary of the Gracchi and tribunus plebis in B. c. 133, the year in which Tiberius was also tribunus plebis. Lucullus could not play the part of Xerxes in a toga earlier than B. c. 63. In B. C. 129 Tubero failed in his candidateship for the praetorship, but in B. c. 123 he was praetor. Pomponius says that he was also consul, but it has been inferred from the passage in the Brutus (c. 31) that he never obtained the consulship. He appears however to have been consul suffectus in B. c. 118. He was an opponent of C. Gracchus as well as of Tiberius, and delivered some speeches against him B. c. 123. Tubero is one of the speakers in Cicero's dialogue de Republica. The passages in the Pandect in which Tubero is cited do not refer to this Tubero, but to the son of Lucius. (Cic. Brut. ed. H. Meyer, c. 31, and the note; H. Meyer, Oratorum Romanorum Frag. p. 251, 2d ed.) 2. Q. AELIUS TUBERO, the son of Lucius [see above, No. 5], was born probably about B. c. 74. When he was a young man, he made a speech (B. C. 46) before C. Julius Caesar against Q. Liga- | rius, who was defended by Cicero in a speech which is extant (Pro Q. Ligario). When L. Tubero, who had been appointed governor of Africa by the senate, attempted to land there, Ligarius, who held Africa in the capacity of legatus, prevented Lucius from landing with his son Quintus, who accompanied him; and this was the main cause of the enmity of Tubero against Ligarius. The oration of Tubero is mentioned by Quintilian (Instit. Orat. x. 1. § 23, xi. 1. § 78). After his failure on this occasion Tubero applied to the study of the Jus Civile under Ofilius; and he obtained considerable reputation. He had a great knowledge both of Jus Publicum and Privatum, and he wrote several works on both these divisions of law; but he affected an antiquated mode of expression, which made his writings less agreeable to read (Pomponius, Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 2. § 46): from this remark of Pomponius we may infer that Tubero's works were extant when he wrote. Tubero married a daughter of Servius Sulpicius, and the daughter of Tubero was the mother of the jurist C. Cassius Longinus. It is uncertain if this Tubero was consul under Augustus B. c. 11, with P. Fabius Maximus, for his consulship is not mentioned by Pomponius, but that omission is not decisive against the evidence of the Fasti Capitolini and Plinius (H. N. viii. 17). A work by Tubero, "De Officio Judicis " is mentioned by Gellius (xiv. 2); and another "Ad C. Oppium" is mentioned by Gellius (vii. 19). Like his father Q. Tubero wrote a history (Liv. iv. 23; Suet. Caes. 83), but whether the quotations of A. Gellius (vi, 3, 4) are taken from the history of the father or the son cannot be determined. Tubero the jurist, who is often cited in the Digest, is this Tubero; but there is no excerpt from his writings. [G. L.] TU’BERO, L. SEIUS, a legatus of Germanicus in his campaign in Germany in A. n. 16, was consul with the latter in A. D. 18. Tubero was falsely accused of majestas in A. D. 24. (Tac. Ann. ii. 20, iv. 29; Fasti.) TUBERTUS, the name of an ancient family of the patrician Postumia gens. 1. P. POSTUMIUS Q. F. TUBERTUS, consul B. C. 505 with M. Valerius Volusus in the fifth year of the republic. Both consuls fought against the Sabines, over whom they gained a decisive victory in the neighbourhood of Tibur, and obtained in consequence the honour of a triumph. (Liv. ii. 16; Zonar. v. 37-39; Plut. Public. 20; Zonar. vii. 13.) Tubertus was consul again in B. c. 503 with Agrippa Menenius Lanatus. According to Livy he defeated the Aurunci, and on his return triumphed over them; but other authorities relate that he again fought against the Sabines, and at first with bad success, but that he afterwards gained a victory over them, and on his return celebrated the lesser triumph or ovation, which was on this occasion first introduced at Rome. (Dionys. v. 44-47; Zonar. vii. 13; Plin. H. N. xv. 29; Fasti Cap.) In B. C. 493 he was one of the ten ambassadors sent by the senate to the people on the Sacred Mountain. (Dionys. vi. 69.) This Tubertus was buried in the city on account of his virtues, a privilege which his posterity retained. (Cic. de Leg. ii. 23.) 2. A. POSTUMIUS TUBERTUS, was magister equitum to the dictator Mam. Aemilius Mamerci nus in B. c. 433, and was himself dictator in B. C. 431. The latter year was memorable in the Roman annals by the great victory which the dictator gained on Mount Algidus over the united forces of the Aequians and Volscians. This victory, which is related to have been fought on the 18th of June, decided the contest with the Aequians, who from this time forward appear as the subjects of Rome. According to universal tradition the dictator put his son to death in this campaign, because he quitted the post in which his father had placed him, through his desire of fighting with the enemy. This story is rejected by Livy, but on insufficient grounds, as Niebuhr has shown. Tubertus celebrated a triumph on his return to Rome. (Liv. iv. 23, 26-29; Diod. xii. 64; Ov. Fast. vi. 721, foll.; Plut. Camill. 2; Val. Max. ii. 7. § 6; Gell. xvii. 21; Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, vol. ii. p. 452, foll.) TUBULUS, the name of a family of the Hos tilia gens. 1. C. HOSTILIUS TUBULUS, praetor urbanus B. C. 209, was stationed in Etruria in the following year (B. c. 208) as propraetor with the command of two legions. He received orders from the senate to keep an especial watch upon Arretium, which was suspected of an inclination to revolt to Han nibal, and he therefore took away as hostages one hundred and twenty children of the senators of the town. Next year (B. c. 207) Tubulus was sent from Etruria to Tarentum, and in the course of the same year from the latter place to Capua; but while marching to Capua he fell upon Hannibal's army, killed four thousand men, and took_nine standards. He continued in the command at Capua till the end of B. C. 203. (Liv. xxvii. 6, 7, 11, 22, 24, 35, 40, xxviii. 10, xxix. 13.) 2. L. HOSTILIUS TUBULUS, praetor B. c. 142, received bribes in such an open manner, when he was presiding at a trial for murder, that in the following year P. Scaevola, the tribune of the plebs, proposed and carried a plebiscitum for an inquiry into his conduct; whereupon Tubulus forth with went into exile. Cicero more than once speaks of him as one of the vilest of men, and quotes a passage of Lucilius, in which the name of Tubulus occurs as an instance of a sacrilegious wretch. (Cic. ad Att. xii. 5. § 3, de Fin. ii. 16, iv. 28, v. 22, de Nat. Deor. i. 23, iii. 30, pro Scaur. 1.) According to Asconius (in Scaur. p. 23, ed. Orelli) Tubulus was brought back from exile on account of his numerous crimes, and took poison of his own accord, to escape being put to death in prison. The following coin was struck by a L. Hostilius Tubulus, but it is doubtful whether by the same person as the preceding. It has on the obverse the head of Pallas, and on the reverse a laurel wreath with the legend L. H. TVB. (i. e. L. Hostilius Tubulus), and underneath ROMA. (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 227.) L.H.TA ROMA COIN OF L. HOSTILIUS TUBULUS. TUCCA, PLO'TIUS, a friend of Horace and Virgil. The latter poet left Tucca one of his heirs, and bequeathed his unfinished writings to him and Varius, who afterwards published the Aeneid by order of Augustus. (Hor. Sat. i. 5. 40, i. 10. 81; Donat. Vit. Virgil. §§ 52, 53, 56; Schol. ad Pers. Sat. ii. 42; Weichert, Poëtarum Latinorum Reliquiae, p. 217, foll.) TUCCA, C. SERVI'LIUS, consul B. c. 284 with L. Caecilius Metellus Denter. (Fasti.) TUCCIA, a Vestal Virgin, accused of incest, appealed to the goddess to prove her innocence, and had power given to her to carry a sieve full of water from the Tiber to the temple. (Val. Max. viii. 1. absol. 5; Plin. H. N. xxviii. 2; Dionys. ii. 69; Augustin. de Civ. Dei, x. 16.) This miracle is commemorated on an ancient gem, of which an engraving is given in the Dict. of Antiq. p. 1191, a, 2d ed. TU'CCIUS. 1. M. TUCCIUS, curule aedile B. C. 192, and praetor B. c. 190, with Apulia and Bruttii as his province, where he also remained for the two following years as propraetor. In B. c. 185 he was one of the triumviri appointed for founding colonies at Sipontum and Buxentum. (Liv. xxxv. 41, xxxvi. 45, xxxvii. 2, 50, xxxviii. 36, xxxix. 23.) 2. M. TUCCIUS, accused C. Sempronius Rufus of vis in B. c. 51, and was in his turn accused by Rufus of the same offence. (Cael. ap. Cic. ad Fam. viii. 8.) TUDITA NUS, the name of a plebeian family of the Sempronia gens. The name was supposed by Ateius the philologist to have been originally given to one of the Sempronii, because he had a head like a tudes (tudit-is) or mallet. (Festus, p. 352, ed. Müller.) 1. M. SEMPRONIUS C. F. M. N. TUDITANUS, consul B. c. 240 with C. Claudius Centho, and censor B. C. 230 with Q. Fabius Maximus. (Gell. xvii. 21; Cic. Brut. 18, Tusc. i. 1, de Senect. 14; Fasti Capit.) 2. P. SEMPRONIUS TUDITANUS, was a tribune of the soldiers at the battle of Cannae in B. c. 216, and one of the few Roman officers who survived that fatal day. When the smaller of the two Roman camps in which he had taken refuge was besieged by the Carthaginians, he bravely cut his way through the enemy with six hundred men, reached the larger camp, and from thence marched to Canusium, where he arrived in safety. Two years afterwards (B. c. 214) Tuditanus was curule aedile, and in the next year (B. c. 213) praetor, with Ariminum as his province. He took the town of Aternum, and was continued in the same command for the two following years (B. c. 212, 211). He was censor in B. c. 209 with M. Cornelius Cethegus, although neither he nor his colleague had yet held the consulship. In B. c. 205 he was sent into Greece with the title of proconsul, and at the head of a military and naval force, for the purpose of opposing Philip, with whom however he concluded a preliminary treaty, which was readily ratified by the Romans, who were anxious to give their undivided attention to the war in Africa. Tuditanus had, during his absence, been elected consul for the year 204 together with M. Cornelius Cethegus, his colleague in the censorship. He received Bruttii as his province with the conduct of the war against Hannibal. In the neighbourhood of Croton Tuditanus experienced a repulse, with a loss of twelve hundred men; but he shortly afterwards gained a decisive victory over Hannibal, who was obliged in consequence to shut himself up within the walls of Croton. It was in this battle that he vowed a temple to Fortuna Primigenia, if he should succeed in routing the enemy. In B. C. 201 Tuditanus was one of the three ambassadors sent to Ptolemy, king of Egypt. (Liv. xxii. 50, 60; Appian, Annib. 26; Liv. xxiv. 43, 44, 47, xxv. 3, xxvi. 1, xxvii. 11, 38, xxix. 11, 12; Cic. Brut. 15, de Senect. 4; Liv. xxix. 13, 36, xxxi. 2.) 3. M. SEMPRONIUS TUDITANUS, one of the officers of Scipio at the capture of New Carthage in Spain. (Liv. xxvi. 48.) 4. C. SEMPRONIUS TUDITANUS, plebeian aedile B. c. 198 and praetor E. c. 197, when he obtained Nearer Spain as his province. He was defeated by the Spaniards with great loss, and died shortly afterwards in consequence of a wound which he had received in the battle. He was pontifex at the time of his death. (Liv. xxxii. 27, 28, xxxiii. 25, 42; Appian, Hisp. 39.) 5. M. SEMPRONIUS M. F. C. N. TUDITANUS, tribune of the plebs B. c. 193, proposed and carried a plebiscitum, which enacted that the law about money lent should be the same for the Socii and the Latini as for the Roman citizens. (Dict. of Antiq. s. v. Lex Sempronia de Fenore.) He was praetor B. c. 189, when he obtained Sicily as his province, and consul B. c. 185 with Ap. Claudius Pulcher. In his consulship he carried on war in Liguria, and defeated the Apuani, while his colleague was equally successful against the Ingauni. Tuditanus was an unsuccessful candidate for the consulship in B. c. 184, but was elected one of the pontifices in the following year. He was carried off by the great pestilence which devastated Rome |