the opinion of that side was to prevail on which Papinian was (si numerus (auctorum) aequalis sit, ejus partes praecedat auctoribus in qua excellentis ingenii vir Papinianus emineat, qui, ut singulos vincit, ita cedit duobus). It was one of the characteristics of Papinian not to consider himself infallible, and he did not hesitate to change his opinion, when he found a better reason, of which there is an instance in the passages here referred to. (Dig. 18. tit. 7. s. 6. § 1; and Cod. 6. tit. 2. s. 22. §3.) His strong moral feeling is indicated in another passage (Dig. 28. tit. 7. s. 15), where he is speaking of conditions under which a heres may be instituted conditions which are opposed to filial duty, to one's good name, to regard to decency, and generally, those which are against good morals (boni mores), must not be considered as conditions that a man can fulfil.

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been patricians (ad Fum. ix. 21). Cicero states that the Papirii were originally called Papisii, and that the first person who adopted the former form of the name was L. Papirius Crassus, consul, B. c. 336. We learn from the same authority that the patrician Papirii belonged to the minores gentes, and that they were divided into the families of CRASSUS, CURSOR, MASO, and MUGILLANUS; and that the plebeian Papirii consisted of the families of Carbo, PAETUS, and TURDUS. The most ancient family was that of Mugillanus, and the first member of the gens who obtained the consulship was L. Papirius Mugillanus, in B. c. 444. The gens, however, was of still higher antiquity than this, and is referred by tradition to the kingly period. The Papirius who composed the collection of the Leges Regiae, is said to have lived in the reign of Tarquinius Superbus (see below); and one M'. Papirius was the first rex sacrificulus appointed on the expulsion of the kings (Dionys. v. 1).

In the four years' course of study, as it existed before the time of Justinian, Papinian's Responsa formed part of the third year's course, but only PAPI/RIUS, C. or SEX., the author of a supeight books out of the nineteen were explained to posed collection of the Leges Regiae, which was the students; and even this was done very im-called Jus Papirianum, or Jus Civile Papirianum. perfectly. In Justinian's course of studies, among other parts of the Digest, there were read in the third year, the twentieth, twenty-first and twentysecond books, which were intended to take the place of the exposition of Papinian formerly given in the third year's course; and it is stated that the students will in this manner become much better acquainted with Papinian. To make this intelligible, it should be observed, that all the titles of the twentieth book begin with an excerpt from Papinian, as Blume observes (Zeitschrift, vol. iv. p. 294, Ueber die ordnung der fragmente in den Pandecten); but he appears not to have observed that one of the titles of this book neither begins with nor contains any excerpt from Papinian. The students were also to retain the old designation of Papinianistae, which denoted students of the third year; and the festival which they used to celebrate on commencing their third year's course was still to be observed. (Const. Omnem Reipublicae, s. 4, &c.; Grotius, Vitae Jurisconsultorum; Zimmern, Geschichte des Römischen Privatrechts, vol. i. p. 361; Puchta, Cursus, &c. vol. i. p. 454; Cujacius, Op. tom. iv. ed. Neapol. 1758.) [G. L.]

PAPI NIUS. 1. L. PAPINIUS, a wealthy Roman eques, plundered by Verres (Cic. Verr. iv. 21). In some manuscripts he is called Papirius.

2. PAPINIUS, the author of an epigram in four lines, upon Casca, which is preserved by Varro (L. L. vii. 28, ed. Müller). Priscian, in quoting this epigram from Varro, calls him Pomponius (p. 602, ed. Putschius).

3. SEX. PAPINIUS ALLIENUS, consul A. D. 36, with Q. Plautius (Tac. Ann. vi. 40; Dion Cass, lviii. 26; Plin. H. N. x. 2). Pliny relates (H. N. xv. 14) that this Papinius was the first person who introduced tuberes (a kind of apple) into Italy, and he likewise states that he saw him in his consulship. The Sex. Papinius of a consular family, who threw himself down headlong from a height (A. D. 37), in order to escape from the unhallowed lust of his mother, was probably a son of the consul. (Tac. Ann. vi. 49.)

PAPI/NIUS STATIUS. [STATIUS.] PAPIRIA GENS, patrician, and afterwards plebeian also. The history of this gens forms the subject of one of Cicero's letters to Papirius Paetus, who did not know that any of the Papirii had ever

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Dionysius (iii. 36) states that the Pontifex Maximus, C. Papirius, made a collection of the religious ordinances of Numa, after the expulsion of the last Tarquin: these ordinances, it is further said, had been cut on wooden tablets by the order of Ancus Marcius (Liv. i. 20, 32; Dionys. ii. 63). Pomponius (Dig. 2. tit. 2. s. 2. § 2. 36) states that Sex. or P. Papirius, in the time of Superbus, the son of Demeratus (but Superbus was not the son of Demeratus), made a compilation of all the Leges Regiae. Though much has been written in modern times about this compilation, nothing certain is known; and all conjecture is fruitless. A work of Granius Flaccus, "Liber de Jure Papiriano," is quoted as a commentary on the Jus Papirianum (Dig. 50. tit. 16. s. 144). It appears that there were Leges enacted in the time of the kings, or there were laws which passed as such, for they are sometimes cited by writers of the imperial period. Thus Marcellus (Dig. 11. tit. 8. s. 2) quotes a Lex Regia, which provides that a pregnant woman who dies must not be buried before the child is taken out of her. The passage cited by Macrobius (Sat. iii. 11), from the Jus Papirianum, is manifestly not the language of a period so early as that of Papirius, and accordingly the critics suppose that Macrobius refers to the commentary of Granius, though Macrobius refers distinctly to the Jus Papirianum. The Lex Papiria of Servius (ad Virg. Aen. xii, 836) appears to refer to the Jus Papirianum. (Grotius, Vitae Jurisconsult.; Zimmern, Geschichte des Röm. Privatrechts, vol. i. pp. 86, 88.) [G. L.]

L. PAPI'RIUS, of Fregellae, lived in the time of Tib. Gracchus, the father of the two tribunes, and was reckoned one of the most eloquent orators of his time. Cicero mentions the speech which Papirius delivered in the senate on behalf of the inhabitants of Fregellae and the Latin colonies (Brut. 46). If that speech was delivered when Fregellae revolted, B. c. 125, Papirius must then have been a very old man, since Tib. Gracchus, in whose time he is placed by Cicero, was consul a second time in B. c. 163. But the speech may perhaps have reference to some earlier event which is unknown. (Meyer, Orat. Rom. Fragm. p. 154, 2nd ed.) PAPI'RIUS DIONY'SIUS. [DIONYSIUS.] PAPI'RIUS FABIA'NUS. [FABIANUS.]

PAPIRIUS FRONTO. [FRONTO.] PAPI'RIUS JUSTUS. [JUSTUS.] PAPIRIUS PO'TAMO. [POTAMO.] PAPIRIUS, ST., physician. [PAPYLUS.] PA'PIUS. 1. C. PAPIUS, a tribune of the plebs B. c. 65, was the author of a law by which all peregrini were banished from Rome. This was the renewal of a similar law which had been proposed by M. Junius Pennus, in B. C. 126. The Papia lex also contained provisions respecting the punishment of those persons who had assumed the Roman franchise without having any claim to it (Dion Cass. xxxvii. 9; Cic. de Off. iii. 11, pro Balb. 23, pro Arch. 5, de Leg. Agr. i. 4, ad Att. iv. 16). If we are to believe Valerius Maximus (iii. 4. § 5), this law must have been passed at a much earlier period, since he relates that the father of Perperna, who was consul B. c. 130, was accused under the Papia lex after the death of his son, because he had falsely assumed the rights of a Roman citizen. But since Dion Cassius (1. c.) expressly places the law in B. c. 65, and Cicero speaks of its proposer as a contemporary (de Off. iii. 11), we may conclude that there is some mistake in Valerius Maximus.

of Ptolemy, and in favour of his standing in that
relation to Theon. A commentator generally takes
an established author, except when the subject of
comment is itself a comment, and then he generally
takes his own contemporaries.
And moreover,
those writers who are often named together are
more likely than not to be near together in time.
The point is of some importance; for Pappus is
our chief source of information upon the later history
of Greek geometry. It makes much difference as
to the opinion we are to form on the decay of that
branch of learning, whether the summary which
he gives is to be referred to the second or the fourth
century. If he lived in the fourth century, it is a
very material fact that he could not find one geo-
meter in the two preceding centuries whom he then
considered as of note.

The writings mentioned as having come from the pen of Pappus are as follows:-1. Małпμатiк@V ovvaywyŵv Biería, the celebrated Mathematical Collections, of which we shall presently speak. It is not mentioned by Suidas, but is referred to by Marinus at the end of his preface to Euclid's Data. 2. Χορογραφία οἰκουμενική. 3. Εἰς τὰ τέσσαρα βιβλία τοῦ Πτολεμαίου μεγάλης Συντάξεως ὑπόμvnua. 4. Ποταμοὺς τοὺς ἐν Λιβύῃ. 5. ΟνειροKρITIKά. The last four are mentioned by Suidas, and just as here written down in continuous quotation, headed Bi6xía dè avtoû.

2. M. PAPIUS MUTILUS, consul suffectus in A. D. 9, with Q. Poppaeus Secundus. They gave their names to the well known Papia Poppaea lex, which was passed as a kind of supplement to the Lex Julia de Maritandis Ordinibus. Hence arose The Collections, as we have them now in print, the title Lex Julia et Papia Poppaea, under which consist of the last six of eight books. Whether title its provisions are explained in the Dict. of Ant. there were ever more than eight is not certain: The Papius Mutilus who is mentioned as a flat- from the description of his own plan given by terer of Tiberius in the senate, A. D. 16, is probably Pappus, more might be suspected. No Greek text the same as the consul of A. D. 9. (Tac. Ann. ii. 16.) has been printed: an Oxford edition is long 3. PAPIUS FAUSTUS, slain by the emperor overdue. We cannot make out the negative enSeverus. (Spartian. Sever. 13.) tirely as to whether the existing Greek manuscripts PAPIUS MUTILUS, the commander in the contain the first and second books: most of them Social War. [MUTILUS.]

at least do not. Gerard Vossius thought these PAPPUS (Пános), of Alexandria, the name of books lost. Accounts of the manuscripts will one of the later Greek geometers, of whom we be found in Fabricius (Harless, vol. ix. p. 171), know absolutely nothing, beside his works, except and, with interesting additions, in an appendix to the fact that Suidas states him to have lived under Dr. Wm. Trail's Life of Robert Simson, Bath, Theodosius (A. D. 379-395). From an epigram 1812, 4to. In the portion which exists the text is as of the second century, or a little later, in which corrupt and mutilated as that of any Greek author one Pappus is lauded, Reiske thought that this who is said to have left more than fragments; and the must be the geometer, who ought, therefore, to be emendations are sometimes rather inventional than placed in the latter half of the second century. conjectural, if properly named. Occasional portions And Harless remarks, in confirmation, that of all of the Greek text have been published at various the authors named by Pappus, no one is known to times, as follows:-1. Meibomius, de Proportionihave flourished later than the second century. This bus, Copenhagen, 1655, 4to, p. 155, has given three is but poor evidence, and, on the other hand, the lemmas from the seventh book (Gr. Lat.). 2. Wallis authority of Suidas is by no means of the first found in a Savilian manuscript a part of the second order on a point of chronology. We may, there-book (prop. 16-27), and published it (Gr. Lat.) fore, look to other sources of probability, and the at the end of his edition of Aristarchus [Oxford, only one we can find at all to the purpose is as 1688, 8vo.], and again in the third volume of his follows.

Pappus has left a short comment upon a portion of the fifth book of Ptolemy's Syntaxis: or rather of the comment which Suidas states him to have written upon four books, nothing is left except a small portion which Theon has preserved and commented on (Syntaxis, Basle, 1538, p. 235 of Theon's Commentary). Now Eutocius mentions Theon and Pappus in the same sentence, as commentators on Ptolemy; and puts them thus together in two different places. This is some presumption against Pappus having been nearly a contemporary

This portion is on the fifth book: perhaps the four books were not the first four books.

So it is customary to say; but the words of Marinus would admit a suspicion that he refers to a separate commentary on Euclid, written by Pappus.

The duty which Savile and Bernard imposed upon that university in the seventeenth century, of printing a large collection of Greek geometry, has been performed hitherto precisely in the order laid down; and the editions of Euclid, Apollonius, and Archimedes, which are the consequence, are confessedly the best products of the press as to their subjects, and in the second case the only one. The next volume was intended to contain Pappus and Theon.

quiry and conjecture which its appearance at once excited. But, unless a full account were given of the contents of the Collections, any such digression would be useless. (Suidas; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. ix; Trail, Life of Simson, &c.) [A. De M.] PAPUS, the name of a family of the patrician Aemilia Gens.

1. M. AEMILIUS PAPUS, was created dictator in B. C. 321, in which year the Romans received their memorable defeat from the Samnites near Caudium. (Liv. ix. 7.)

collected works, Oxford, 1699, folio. The subject | produced on modern geometry by the spirit of inof this fragment is the mode of multiplying large numbers; from which it has been suspected that the first two books treated of arithmetic only. 3. Part of the preface of the seventh book is given (Gr. Lat.) by Gregory in the introduction to the Oxford Euclid [EUCLEIDES]. 4. The complete preface of the seventh book, with the lemmas given by Pappus, as introductory to the subject of analysis of loci (τοῦ ἀναλυομένου τόπου), are given by Halley (Gr. Lat.), in the preface to his version of Apollonius, de Lectione Rationis, Oxford, 1706, 8vo. So far Fabricius, verified by ourselves in every case except the part in []: we may add that Dr. Trail gave (op. cit., p. 182) two passages (Gr. Lat.) on the classification of lines, which had been much alluded to by Robert Simson: and that Dr. Trail also states, that in the preface of an edition of Vieta's Apollonius Gallus, 1795, J. G. Camerer gave the Greek of the preface and lemmas relating to Tactions (repì èrapŵv). Hoffman and Schweiger mention the second part of the fifth book as published (Gr.) by H. J. Eisenmann, Paris, 1824, folio.

There are two Latin editions of Pappus. The first, by Commandine, and published by his representatives, was made apparently from one manuscript only. Its description is "Pappi Alexandrini Mathematicae Collectiones a Federico Commandino ....commentariis illustratae," Pisauri, 1588 (folio size, quarto signatures). This edition shows, in various copies, three distinct title pages, the one above, another Venetiis, 1589, a third Pisauri, 1602. It is remarkably erroneous in the paging and the catch-words; but it does happen, we find, that one or the other is correct in every case. There is a cancel which is not found in some copies. The second edition, by Charles Manolessius, has the same title, augmented, Bononiae, 1660 (larger folio, quarto signatures). It professes to be cleared from innumerable errors. We cannot find any appearance of the use of any additional manuscripts, or any thing except what is usual, namely, correction of obvious misprints and commission of others. And we find that Dr. Trail formed the same judgment. The first edition is the more clearly printed. What Mersenne gives, sometimes called an edition, is a mere synopsis of enunciations. An intended edition by John Gallaesius, mentioned by Fabricius, never appeared.

The third book of Pappus treats on the duplication of the cube, geometrical constructions connected with the three kinds of means, the placing in a triangle two lines having a sum together greater than that of the two sides (which was regarded as a sort of wonder), and the inscription of the regular solids in a sphere. The fourth book treats of various subjects of pure geometry, as also of several extra-geometrical curves, as that called the quadratrix, &c. The fifth book treats of the properties of plane and solid figures, with reference to the greatest content under given boundaries, &c., at great length. The sixth book is on the geometry of the sphere. The seventh book is on geometrical analysis, and is preceded by the curious preface, which, mutilated as it is in parts, is the principal source of information we have on the history and progress of the Greek analysis. The eighth book is on mechanics, or rather on machines. A great deal might be written on Pappus, with reference to the effect his work has

2. Q. AEMILIUS PAPUS, twice consul, first in B. c. 282, and again in 278, and censor in 275. In both his consulships and in his censorship he had as colleague C. Fabricius Luscinus. In his former consulship he was employed against the Etruscans and Boians, while Fabricius was engaged in Southern Italy. He completely defeated the allied forces, and the chastisement which the Boians received was so severe, that Cisalpine Gaul remained quiet for upwards of fifty years (Dionys. xviii. 5; comp. Polyb. ii. 20). The passage in Frontinus (i. 2. §7) which speaks of the defeat of the Boii by Aemilius Paullus (an error for Papus), is rightly referred by Niebuhr (Hist. of Rome, vol. iii. p. 430) to the above-mentioned victory, though most modern writers make it relate to the conquest of the Gauls by the consul of B. c. 225 [see below, No. 3]. In B. c. 280 he accompanied Fabricius, as one of the three ambassadors who were sent to Pyrrhus. The history of this embassy, as well as of his second consulship and censorship, is given in the life of his colleague. [LUSCINUS, No. 1.]

3. L. AEMILIUS Q. F. CN. N. PAPUS, grandson apparently of No. 2, was consul B. c. 225, with C. Atilius Regulus. This was the year of the great war in Cisalpine Gaul. The Cisalpine Gauls, who had for the last few years shown symptoms of hostility, were now joined by their brethren from the other side of the Alps, and prepared to invade Italy. The conduct of this war was assigned to Aemilius, while his colleague Regulus was sent againt Sardinia, which had lately revolted. Aemilius stationed himself near Ariminum, on the road leading into Italy by Umbria, and another Roman army was posted in Etruria, under the command of a praetor. The Gauls skilfully marched between the two armies into the heart of Etruria, which they ravaged in every direction. They defeated the Roman praetor when he overtook them, and would have entirely destroyed his army, but for the timely arrival of Aemilius. The Gauls slowly retreated before the consul towards their own country; but, in the course of their march along the coast into Liguria, they fell in with the army of the other consul, who had just landed at Pisa, having been lately recalled from Sardinia. Thus placed between two consular armies, they were obliged to fight, and though they had every disadvantage on their side, the battle was long contested. One of the consuls, Regulus, fell in the engagement; but the Gauls were at length totally defeated with great slaughter. Forty thousand of the enemy are said to have perished and ten thousand to have been taken prisoners, among whom was one of their kings, Concolitanus. Aemilius followed up his victory by marching through Liguria and invading the country of the Boii, which he laid waste in every direction. After remaining there a few days he returned to Rome and triumphed. (Polyb. ii.

23-31; Oros. iv. 13; Eutrop. iii. 5; Zonar. viii. | period; but his vague use of the term "more 20; Flor. ii. 4; Appian, Celt. 2.) recent," as applied to writers of such different Aemilius Papus was censor B. c. 220, with C. periods as the seventh and eleventh or twelfth cenFlaminius, two years before the breaking out of turies, precludes us from determining how near to the second Punic War. In the census of that the reign of Alexius he is to be placed. It was year there were 270,213 citizens. (Liv. Epit. 20, | long supposed that Corinthus was his name; but xxiii. 22.) In B. c. 216 Papus was one of the Allatius, in his Diatriba de Georgis, pointed out triumviri, who were appointed in that year on that Pardus was his name and Corinthus that of account of the dearth of money. (Liv. xxiii. 23). his see; on his occupation of which he appears to 4. M. AEMILIUS PAPUS, maximus curio, died have disused his name and designated himself by B. C. 210. (Liv. xxvii. 6.) his bishopric.

5. L. AEMILIUS PAPUS, praetor B. c. 205, obtained Sicily as his province. It was under this Aemilius Papus that C. Octavius, the great-grandfather of the emperor Augustus, served in Sicily. (Liv. xxviii. 38; Suet. Aug. 2.) [OCTAVIUS, No. 12.] The L. Aemilius Papus, decemvir sacrorum, who died in B. c. 171, is probably the same person as the preceding. (Liv. xlii. 28.) PA/PYLUS, ST. (Пáruλos), sometimes called Papirius, a physician, born at Thyatira in Lydia, of respectable parents, who was ordained deacon by St. Carpus, in the second century after Christ. He was put to death by the praefect Valerius, together with his sister Agathonice and many others, after being cruelly tortured, in or about the year 166. An interesting account of his martyrdom is given in the "Acta Sanctorum," taken chiefly from Simeon Metaphrastes. His memory is celebrated by the Romish church on the 13th of April. (See Acta Sanctor. April, vol. ii. p. 120, &c. ; | Bzovius, Nomencl. Sanctor. Profess. Medicor.; C. B. Carpzovius, De Medicis ab Eccles. pro Sanctis habitis, and the authors there referred to.) [W. A. G.] PARA, king of Armenia. [ARSACIDAE, P. 364, a.]

PARALUS (Πάραλος). 1. The younger of the two legitimate sons of Pericles. He and his brother were educated by their father with the greatest care, but they both appear to have been of inferior capacity, which was anything but compensated by worth of character, though Paralus seems to have been a somewhat more hopeful youth than his brother. Both of them got the nickname of Βλιττομάμμας. Both Xanthippus and Paralus fell victims to the plague B. C. 429. (Plut. Pericl. 24, 36, de Consolat. p. 118, e. ; Plat. Alcib. i. p. 118, e., with the scholiast on the passage, Protag. p. 319, e. ; Athen. xi. p. 505, 506.)

2. A friend of Dion of Syracuse [DION], who was governor of Minoa under the Carthaginians at the time when Dion landed in Sicily and gained possession of Syracuse. See Vol. I. p. 1028. (Diod. xvi. 9.) [C. P. M.]

PARCAE. [MOIRA.] PARDUS, GREGORIUS or GEORGIUS (Γρηγόριος 8. Γεώργιος Πάρδος), archbishop of Corinth, on which account he is called in some MSS. GEORGIUS (or GREGORIUS) CORINTHUS (Kópirtos), and, by an error of the copyist, CORITHUS (Kopitov, in Gen.) and CORUTUS (Kopúrou, in Gen.), or CORYTUS, a Greek writer on grammar of uncertain date. The only clue that we have to the period in which he lived is a passage in an unpublished work of his, De Constructione Orationis, in which he describes Georgius Pisida (GEORGIUS, No. 44], Nicolaus Callicles, and Theodoras Prodromus as "more recent writers of Iambic verse." Nicolaus and Theodorus belong to the reign of Alexius I. Comnenus (A. D. 1081-1118), and therefore Pardus must belong to a still later

His only published work is Περὶ διαλέκτων, De Dialectis. It was first published with the Erotemata of Demetrius Chalcondylas and of Moschopulus, in a small folio volume, without note of time, place, or printer's name, but supposed to have been printed at Milan, A. D. 1493 (Panzer, Annal. Typogr. vol. ii. p. 96). The full title of this edition is Περὶ διαλέκτων τῶν παρὰ Κορίνθου παρεκβληOetov, De Dialectis a Corintho decerptis. It was afterwards frequently reprinted as an appendix to the earlier Greek dictionaries, or in the collections of grammatical treatises (e. g. in the Thesaurus Cornucopiae of Aldus, fol. Venice, 1496, with the works of Constantine Lascaris, 4to. Venice, 1512; in the dictionaries of Aldus and Asulanus, fol. Venice, 1524, and of De Sessa and Ravanis, fol. Venice, 1525), sometimes with a Latin version. Sometimes (as in the Greek Lexicons of Stephanus and Scapula) the version only was given. All these earlier editions were made from two or three MSS., and were very defective. But in the last century Gisbertus Koenius, Greek professor at Franeker, by the collation of fresh MSS., published the work in a more complete form, with a preface and notes, under the title of Tpnyopiov μητροπολίτου Κορίνθου περὶ διαλέκτων, Gregorius Corinthi Metropolita de Dialectis, 8vo. Leyden, 1766. The volume included two other treatises or abstracts on the dialects by the anonymous writers known as Grammaticus Leidensis and Grammaticus Meermannianus. An edition by G. H. Schaeffer, containing the treatises published by Koenius, and one or two additional, among which was the tract of Manuel Moschopulus, De Vocum Passionibus [MOSCHOPULUS], was subsequently published, 8vo. Leipzig, 1811, with copious notes and observations, by Koenius, Bastius, Boissonade, and Schaeffer; and a Commentatio Palaeographica, by Bastius. Several works of Pardus are extant in MSS.; they are on Grammar; the most important are apparently that Περὶ συντάξεως λόγου ἤτοι περὶ τοῦ μὴ σoλoikíčei kai meρl Bapɛapioμoû, K. T. λ., De Constructione Orationis, vel de Soloccismo et Barbarismo, &c.; that Пep TрÓTÍV TOINTIKOV, De Tropis Poetics; and especially that entitled 'Enyoeis els Tovs κανόνας τῶν δεσποτικῶν ἑορτῶν, κ. τ. λ., Exposi tiones in Canones s. Hymnos Dominicos Festorumque totius Anni, et in Triodia Magnae Hebdomadis ac Festorum Deiparae, a grammatical exposition of the hymns of Cosmas and Damascenus [COSMAS OF JERUSALEM; DAMASCENUS, JOANNES], used in the Greek Church; a work which has been, by the oversight of Possevino, Sixtus of Sena, and others, represented as a collection of Homiliae et Sermones. (Allatius de Georgiis, p. 416, ed. Paris, et apud Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xii. p. 122, &c. ; Koenius, Praef. in Gregor. Corinth.; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. pp. 195, &c. 320, 341, vol. ix. p. 742.) [J. C. M.] PÁRE GOROS (Пapńyopos), i. e.,

"the ad