The inscription is of the following form, C@CIKAH, | ii. 13), is evidently copied from a quotation made where the meaning of the sign below the name has never been satisfactorily explained. We owe to the same writer the publication of a discovery by which the artist's name again appears. This is a plinth to which adhere the two feet and one leg of the statue of a man, which it once supported. The execution of these remaining portions is said by R. Rochette to correspond to that of the Amazon. The plinth bears the following inscription, in large characters, C@CIKA... The fragment was discovered at Tusculum, in 1842, in the course of the excavations undertaken by M. Canina, at the expense of the queen dowager of Sardinia; and it was to form (and now, we suppose, forms) a part of the collection of ancient marbles found at Tusculum, and preserved in the Villa della Rufinella. (R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, p. 403, 2d ed.) 2. Gem engraver. [SOSTHENES.] [P. S.] SOSI CRATES (Zwσikpáтns), a vice-general of the Achaeans in their war against the Romans (B. C. 147), was the chief mover of the resolution, taken by an assembly held at Corinth, to endeavour to treat with Metellus; for which act, upon the arrival of Diaeus at Corinth, he was condemned to death; and, in the hope of extorting a confession from him, he was subjected to the severest tortures, under which he expired. This cruel deed so disgusted the people, that Diaeus did not venture to carry out his intention of putting to death the ambassadors who had been sent to Metellus. (Polyb. xl. 5; Thirlwall, Hist. of Greece, vol. viii. p. 451.) [P.S.] SOSI CRATES (Zworkpárns), literary. 1. A comic poet, whose time is unknown. Pollux quotes twice from his play entitled Пapaкатаłηкη (Рoll. ix. 57, iv. 173; in both passages the name is corrupted; in the former into 'ITокрάтηя, in the latter into Kpárns; but in the latter passage a manuscript has Σωσικράτης). His Φιλάδελφοι also | is cited by Athenaeus (xi. p. 474, a.); and there are some other quotations from unknown plays of his. (Ath. i. p. 31, e.; Stob. Flor. xxiii. 2; Maxim. Conf. p. 198, Gesner.) From the titles of his plays, Meineke thinks it more probable that he belonged to the New Comedy than to the Middle. (Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. vol. i. pp. 498, 499, vol. iv. pp. 591, 592; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 495.) 2. Of Rhodes, an historical writer, who is quoted by Diogenes Laërtius (ii. 84) as an authority for the statement, that Aristippus wrote nothing. It is therefore inferred, with much probability, that he is the same as the Sosicrates whose work upon the Succession of the Philosophers is quoted by Athenaeus (iv. p. 163, f, Zworkpáτns év Tρíтw φιλοσόφων διαδοχῆς). He also wrote a work on the history of Crete, KpηTikά, which is frequently quoted. (Strab. x. p. 474; Ath. vi. p. 261, e, et alib.) He flourished after Hermippus and before Apollodorus, and therefore between B. c. 200 and B. C. 128. (Clinton, F. H. vol. iii. p. 565.) There appear to have been other writers of the name; such as Sosicrates Phanagorites, whose 'Holot is quoted by Athenaeus (xiii. p. 590, b.); and a certain Sosicrates quoted by Fulgentius Planciades (s. v. Nefrendes). The passage of a Sosicrates of Cyzicus, cited by Fulgentius (Myth. by Diogenes Laërtius from the Succession of Philosophers. The name is sometimes confounded with Socrates. (Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 500, ed. Westermann; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 873, vol. vi. p. 138.) [P. S.] SOSI'GENES (Zworyévns). 1. An officer who commanded the Phoenician fleet, which had been assembled by Eumenes to make head against his rivals in B. c. 318. The fleet had arrived at Rhosus, where it was detained by contrary winds, when that of Antigonus suddenly arrived, adorned with garlands and other triumphal ornaments, from its recent victory at the Hellespont. Sosigenes himself was on shore, and was unable to restrain the crews, who immediately declared in favour of Antigonus, and joined the hostile fleet. (Polyaen. iv. 6. § 9.) 2. (Perhaps identical with the preceding.) A friend of Demetrius Poliorcetes, who was one of the few that still remained with him in his retreat and wanderings after his last defeat by Seleucus, B. c. 286. He had preserved 400 pieces of gold, which he now offered to Demetrius as a last resource, and with this supply the king endea voured to reach the coast, but was intercepted by the detachments of Seleucus, and compelled to sur render at discretion. (Plut. Demetr. 49.) 3. A Rhodian by birth, but who appears to have held a magistracy among the Achaeans, whom he persuaded to pass a decree abolishing all the honours which had been paid to Eumenes, king of Pergamus. (Polyb. xxviii. 7; and Schweigh. ad loc.) [E. H. B.] SOSI'GENES (Eworyérns), the peripatetic, the astronomer employed by Julius Caesar to superintend the correction of the calendar (B. c. 46), is called an Egyptian, but may be supposed to have been an Alexandrian Greek. With the exception of certain allusions to him by name, which simply confirm the fact that he was considered a skilful astronomer, nothing can be found concerning him. The most definite of them is that of Simplicius, who says he wrote on astronomy. A sentence of Pliny (H. N. ii. 8) is interpreted by Weidler as implying that Sosigenes maintained the motion of Mercury round the sun. Riccioli and others represent that he remained at Rome until the time of Augustus, and aided in the final establishment of the calendar according to the intention of Julius. But it must be clear that if Sosigenes had remained at Rome, the Augustan correction never could have been needed: the leap-year would never have been made a triennial intercalation under the eye of the astronomer himself. Nevertheless, Pliny (H. N. xviii. 25) mentions the Augustan correction, most probably, as if it had been a correction of the theory of the calendar, arising out of the further investigations of Sosigenes himself: his words are "ea ipsa ratio postea comperto errore correcta est, ita ut duodecim annis continuis non intercalaretur. . . . et Sosigenes ipse tribus commenta tionibus, quanquam diligentior esset ceteris, non ces savit tamen addubitare, ipse semet corrigendo." According to our view of this passage the tres commentationes are of the three occasions on which, during the time of Augustus, an intercalation had to be omitted: Pliny seems to make each of them a separate interference of Sosigenes (whom he may seem to keep alive at Rome for the purpose) for the correction of his period. And Weidler, in doing honour to the astronomer for his candour by Suidas; but, in the other three lists, the name of Aeantides appears instead of Sosiphanes. If the latter really belonged to the Tragic Pleiad, he must have been the oldest of the seven poets in it. SOSINUS (Zwoivos), of Gortyna, in Crete, an Of the seventy-three plays of Sosiphanes, the artist or artificer, whose name is known by his only remains are one title, Meλéaypos, and a very sepulchral monument, on which he is designated few lines from it and other plays. (Fabric. Bibl. Xaλkónτns, a term which has been explained in Graec. vol. ii. pp. 318, 322; Clinton, F. H. vol. different ways. By comparing what little can be iii. s. aa. 278, 259, pp. 502, 504; Welcker, Griech. gathered respecting the word itself with the bas-Tragöd. p. 1266; Wagner, Frag. Trag. Graec in relief on the monument, Böckh and Raoul-Rochette Didot's Bibliotheca, p. 157.) have come to the conclusion, that the word signifies a maker of bronze shields. The monument, which is in the Museum of the Louvre, has been engraved by Bouillon (Mus. des Antiq. vol. iii. Cippes, i. 3), and the inscription is published by Böckh (Corp. Inser. No. 837). (R. Rochette, Lettre à Schorn, pp. 405, 406, 2d ed.; comp. Welcker, Sylloge, No. 3, pp. 5-7.) [P.S.] [P.S.] SOSI POLIS (Zwoíroλis), i. e. the saviour, of the state, was the name of a hero among the Eleans, who was represented as a boy wearing a military cloak, and carrying the horn of Amalthea in his hand. He had a sanctuary in common with Eileithyia at the foot of the hill of Cronos at Olympia, and no one was allowed to approach his altar except the priestess, and even she only with her head covered. Oaths in which he was called upon were considered to be particularly solemn and SOSI PATER (Zwσinaтpos). 1. An Athenian comic poet, of the New, and perhaps also of the Middle Comedy. He is only mentioned by Athe-binding. The origin of his worship is thus renaeus (ix. p. 378, f.), who quotes a very long passage from his Karayevdouévos, in which mention is made of the cook Chariades, to whom the comic poet Euphron refers as being dead. (Ath. ix. p. 379, c.) Hence it is inferred that Sosipater flourished shortly before Euphron. (Meineke, Fragm. Com. Graec. vol. i. p. 477, vol. iv. pp. 482-485; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 495.) 2. Three epigrams are found in the Greek Anthology under the name of Sosipater; but this is merely through an error of Salmasius. The epigrams ought properly to be assigned to Dioscorides. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec, vol. iv. p. 495; Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. 504; Jacobs, Auth. Graec. vol. i. p. 255, vol. vii. pp. 371 406, vol. xii. p. 451, vol. xiii. p. 955.) [P.S.] SOSI PATER and ZENON, of Soli, statuaries, known by an inscription found at Lindos as having made one of the bronze statues of the ἱερατεύσαν. TES of Athena Lindia and Zeus Polieus. There is some doubt as to the meaning of the term lepa τεύσαντες. Ross translates it priests, R. Rochette understands it as equivalent to the sacrificantes of Pliny (H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. § 34), and Welcker translates it ex-priests. (Ross, Rhein. Mus. 1846— 1847, vol. iv. p. 168; Welcker, Rhein. Mus. 1848 -1849, vol. vi. pp. 382, 385.) [P.S.] SOSI PHANES (Zwσipávns), one of the ambassadors whom Antiochus Epiphanes sent to Rome when he engaged in his war against Egypt for Coele Syria. (Polyb. xxviii. 1, 18.) [P.S.] | SOSI PHANES (Zwoipárns), the son of Sosicles, of Syracuse, a tragic poet, who, according to Suidas, exhibited seventy-three dramas, and obtained seven victories; was one of the seven tragedians who were called the Tragic Pleiad; was born at the end of the reign of Philip, or, as others said, in that of Alexander; and died in the 121st or 124th Olympiad (adopting Clinton's correction prά and prd, for piά and pid,); while others stated that he flourished at one or the other of those dates. (Suid. s. v.) Clinton proposes to reduce these statements into a consistent form in the following manner: Sosiphanes was born in the reign of Philip, or in that of Alexander, between B. c. 340 and B. C. 330, and exhibited, tragedy in the times of the Pleiad, Ol. 121 (B. c. 296) or Ol. 124 (B. c. 284). He is placed among the poets of the Pleiad by a scholiast on Hephaestion (p. 185), as well as The com lated :-Once when the Arcadians had invaded SOSIPPUS (Zwσinños), a supposed comic poet the expedition of the younger Cyrus with 300 SOSIS (σis). 1. A Syracusan, who joined mercenaries. (Xen. Anab. i. 2. § 9). popular sedition against Dion during the period. 2. A Syracusan, who endeavoured to excite a when the latter having made himself master of Syracuse was besieging Dionysius in the island citadel. Sosis had purposely wounded himself, and pretended to have received these injuries from emissaries of Dion, but the fraud was discovered, and Sosis, in consequence, was put to death by the indignant populace. (Plut. Dion. 34, 35). birth, and a brazier by trade (Liv. xxvi. 30), was 3. A Syracusan, originally a man of ignoble one of the conspirators who assassinated Hieronyter that event, Sosis and Theodotus (another of mus at Leontini, B. C. 215. [HIERONYMUS]. Afthe conspirators) hastened immediately to Syracuse, where they roused the people to arms, and made lowed, and which ended in the elevation of Agathocles, B. c. 317. (Diod. xix. 3-5.) At a subsequent period however (B. c. 314) we find him mentioned as one of the most active and able of the Syracusan exiles assembled at Agrigentum, who from thence carried on war against Agathocles; and the prominent place which he occupied at this time directed against him the especial enmity of the Spartan Acrotatus, who in consequence contrived to remove him by assassination. (Diod. xix. 71.) It is singular that Polyaenus (v. 37) seems to represent Sosistratus as acquiring the sovereign power after Agathocles, instead of before him: but the circumstances related by him are wholly irreconcilable with the narrative of Diodorus. (Compare also Trog. Pomp. Prol. xxi.) themselves masters of the city with the exception | doubtful whether Sosistratus himself was included of the citadel, in which Andranodorus, the governor in the accommodation which appears to have releft there by Hieronymus, had fortified himself. instated the oligarchy in the chief power, as his The next day an assembly of the people was held,name does not occur in the revolutions which folin which Sosis and Theodotus were among those chosen as generals or praetors, and Andranodorus was soon after induced to surrender the citadel. (Liv. xxiv. 21-23). Shortly after, he was appointed, together with Deinomenes, to command the army sent to the relief of Leontini, but arriving too late to save that city, which had already fallen into the power of Marcellus, they turned their arms against the traitors Hippocrates and Epicydes, who had taken refuge at Herbessus. Their object was, however, again frustrated by the mutiny of their mercenary troops, who declared in favour of the two Carthaginians, and the latter, following up their advantage, quickly made themselves masters of Syracuse itself. (Id. ib. 30-32.) Sosis on this occasion escaped the fate of most of his colleagues, and fled for refuge to the camp of Marcellus, with whom he continued throughout the longprotracted siege of his native city. In the course of these operations he rendered important assistance to the Roman general by carrying on negotiations with the Syracusan officers, and by leading the party which effected the surprise of the Epipolae. For these services he was rewarded by a conspicuous place in the ovation of Marcellus, B. C. 211, besides obtaining the privileges of a Roman citizen and an extensive grant of lands in the Syracusan territory. (Id. xxv. 25, xxvi. 21, 30.). [E. H. B.] SOSIS (Zwσis), a Sicilian medallist, whose name appears, in the abbreviated form 202, on the front of the diadem of a female head, which is the type of a small Syracusan medallion; and also in full, ZOZIZ, on a medal of Gelon II. in the Pembroke cabinet. The admission of this name into the list of ancient artists is, however, a matter of controversy. (R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 96, 97.) [P.S.] SOSI'STRATUS (Zwolorpatos). 1. A Syracusan, who shared with Heracleides in the chief direction of the affairs of his native country, a few years previous to the elevation of Agathocles. The account given by Diodorus of the steps by which they had raised themselves to power is lost, but that author tells us in general terms that they were men accustomed to treachery, bloodshed, and every species of crime. (Diod. xix. 3, and Wesseling, ad loc.) We find them both holding the joint command of an expedition sent by the Syracusans to assist the Crotoniats against the Bruttians, as well as of a subsequent armament which laid siege to Rhegium; but Sosistratus appears to have held the first place, and we soon after find him spoken of as having raised himself to the rank of tyrant or absolute ruler of Syracuse. The revolution, by which he effected this, appears to have been connected with a victory of the oligarchical party in the city, but their triumph was of short duration, and Sosistratus himself was soon after expelled from Syracuse together with 600 of the leading men of the aristocratical party. War now arose between the democratic party, who remained in possession of Syracuse, and the exiles, in which the latter, supported by assistance from the Carthaginians, were not only able to maintain their ground, but, after many vicissitudes of fortune, procured their recal to their native city. It is 2. A Syracusan who, together with THOENON or THYNION, for a time held the supreme power in his native city, during the interval of confusion which preceded the arrival of Pyrrhus. After the expulsion of Hicetas (about B. c. 279), Thynion alone is mentioned as succeeding him in the chief direction of affairs, but we soon after find Sosistratus dividing with him the power. Our imperfect accounts however give us very little idea of the real state of affairs. It appears that Sosistratus and Thynion both relied upon the support of foreign mercenaries: and were engaged in civil war with one another, in which the former had the advantage, and occupied the city of Syracuse, while Thynion fortified himself in the island citadel. Sosistratus was also master of Agrigentum and not less than thirty other cities, and found himself at the head of a force of 10,000 troops, so that he would probably have crushed his rival, had it not been for the arrival of the Carthaginians, who laid siege to Syracuse both by sea and land. Thus oppressed at once by civil dissensions and external enemies, both parties implored the assistance of Pyrrhus, and on his arrival Sosistratus surrendered the city into his hands, and Thynion the citadel. A reconciliation was now effected between the rivals, who thenceforth supported Pyrrhus with their joint efforts; and Sosistratus placed all the cities and troops at his disposal in the hands of the king, while he assisted him in recovering Agrigentum, which had fallen into the hands of the Carthaginians. For these services however, he met with no gratitude; the arrogance of Pyrrhus having alienated the minds of all the Sicilians and ren-. dered the king in return suspicious of all the leading men among them, he took an opportunity to put Thynion to death, and Sosistratus narrowly escaped sharing the same fate. His name is not again mentioned. (Diod. xxii. Exe. Hoeschel, p. 495-497; Dion. Hal. Exc. xix. 6-8, pp. 2360— 2362, ed Reiske; Plut. Pyrrh. 23.) The name is written Sostratus in many manuscripts and editions, but the form Sosistratus appears to be the more correct. [E. H. B.] SOSITHEUS (Zwolteos), of Syracuse or Athens, or rather, according to Suidas, of Alexandreia in the Troad, was a distinguished tragic poet, one of the Tragic Pleiad, and the antagonist of the tragic poet Homer: he flourished about Ol. 124 (B. c. 284); and wrote both in poetry and in prose, (Suid. s. v.) He is also mentioned among the poets of the Pleiad in all the lists except that of Tzetzes. The remains of his works consist of two lines from his "Axios (Stob. Serm. li. 23), and a considerable fragment of twenty-four lines from his Aάovis or AITUépoas, which appears to have been a drama pastoral in its scene, and in its form and character very similar to the old satyric dramas of the Attic tragedians. (Schol. ap. Casaub. ad Theocr. c. 12; comp. Ath. x. p. 415, b; Tzetz. Chil. ii. 595; Schol. ad Theocr. x. 41.) By some of the above authorities the name Sosibius is wrongly given instead of Sositheus. Another error, into which some writers have been led by the character of the Aápris of Sositheus, is that of making him a comic poet. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. pp. 322, 323, comp. p. 495; Clinton, F. H. vol. iii. s. aa. 278, 259, pp. 501, 502; Welcker, Griech. Trag. p. 1052; Wagner, Frag. Trag. Graec. in Didot's Bibliotheca, pp. 149-152.) [P.S.] the decisive battle of Actium, Sosius commanded the left wing. He escaped from the battle and fled to a place of concealment, but was detected and brought to Octavian. The conqueror pardoned him, however, at the intercession of L. Arruntius (Suet. Aug. 17; Appian, B. C. v. 73; Dion Cass. xlix. 41, 1. 2, 14, li. 2, lvi. 38; Vell. Pat. ii. 85, 86). There are several coins of this C. Sosius extant. The specimen annexed has on the obverse the head of Antony, and on the reverse an eagle standing on a thunderbolt, with a caduceus before it, and the legend c. sosivs Q. (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 314.) SAISOS COIN OF C. SOSIUS. 2. Sosi, the name of two brothers, booksellers at Rome in the time of Horace (Ep. i. 20. 2, Art. Poët. 345). They were probably freedmen, perhaps of the Sosius mentioned above. SO'SIUS FALCO. [FALCO.] SO'SIUS PAPPUS, was honoured with a statue by Trajan, and is mentioned among the friends of Hadrian. (Dion Cass. lxviii. 16; Spartian. Hadr. 4.) SO'SIUS SENE'CIO. [SENECIO.] SOSIUS, an artist, whose name is given by Müller (Archäol. § 308, n. 4) on the authority of a passage in Pliny (H. N. xiii. 5. s. 11). "Cedrinus est Romae in delubro Apollo Sosianus, Seleucia advectus;" but it cannot be pronounced with certainty, from this passage, whether the artist's name was Sosius, which is only found as a Roman name, or Sosias, Sosis, or Sosus, all three of which are genuine Greek names. (See Pape, Wörterbuch d. Griech, Eigennamen.) Nothing is known of the artist's age; for it by no means follows necessarily from the statue being of wood, that he lived at a very early period. Statues of divinities were frequently made out of the finer and more durable woods, at every period of Greek art. (Siebelis, ad Paus. v. 17. § 2; Amalthea, vol. ii. p. 259.) {P. S.] SO'SIUS. 1. C. Sosius, was quaestor of M'. Lepidus, consul B. c. 66. He was praetor in B. C. 49, on the breaking out of the civil war, and, like most of the other magistrates of that year, belonged to the Pompeian party. He did not, however, remain with this party long; for instead of going to Brundusium to cross the sea with Pompey, he returned to Rome with Lupus and openly united himself to Caesar (Cic. ad Att. viii. 6, ix. 1). After the death of Caesar he followed the fortunes of Antony, whom he accompanied to the East, and by whom he was appointed in B. c. 38 governor of Syria and Cilicia in the place of Ventidius. Like his predecessor in the government, he carried on the military operations in his province with great success. He was commanded by Antony to give vigorous support to Herod against Antigonus, the representative of the Asmonaean line of princes, who was in possession of Jerusalem, and had hitherto successfully resisted the efforts of Herod to subdue him. Sosius obtained possession of the island and town of Aradus off the coast of Phoenicia, towards the end of B. c. 38. In the following year, B. c. 37, he advanced against Jerusalem along with Herod, and after hard fighting became master of the city, and placed Herod upon the throne. (Dion Cass. xlix. 22; Joseph. Ant. xiv. 15, 16, B. J. i. 17-18; Tac. Hist. v. 9; Plut. Ant. 34.) [HERODES.] In return for these services, Antony obtained for Sosius the honour of a triumph in B. c. 34, and the consulship along with Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus in B. c. 32. In the latter year the quarrels and misunderstandings between Octavian and Antony broke out into open hostilities. Sosius warmly espoused the cause of his patron, and in an assembly of the senate on the 1st of January ventured to attack Octavian, and uphold the cause of Antony. Octavian was absent from Rome at the time, and on his return to the city Sosius found it necessary to quit Italy and betake himself to Antony. In the following year, B. C. 31, he commanded a squadron of Antony's fleet; and during the absence of Agrippa, who had the supreme command of the fleet of Octavian, he attacked the squadron of L. Arruntius and put it to flight; but while engaged in the pursuit, he fell in with M. Agrippa, who wrested the victory from him, killed his ally Tarcondimotus, the king of Cilicia, and compelled Sosius himself to seek safety m flight. It is erroneously stated by Dion Cassius (1. 14) that Sosius fell in this engagement. In SOSPITA, that is, the "saving goddess," was a surname of Juno at Lanuvium and at Rome, in both of which places she had a temple. Her worship was very ancient in Latium and was transplanted from Lanuvium to Rome. (Cic. De Nat. Deor. i. 29, De Div. i. 2; Liv. viii. 14, xxiv. 10, xxvii. 3, xxix. 14, xxxi. 12, xxxii. 30, xl. 19; Ov. Fast. ii. 56; Sil. Ital. viii. 362, xiii. 346.) The name is connected with the verb owe, but the ancient Romans called her Sispita, and so her name appears in inscriptions, just as Jupiter also is called Sispes instead of Sospes. (Fest. p. 343, ed. Müller.) [L. S.] SO'STHENES (Zwolévns), a Macedonian officer of noble birth, but unconnected with the royal family, who obtained the supreme direction of affairs during the period of confusion which followed the invasion of the Gauls. After the death of Ptolemy Ceraunus (B. c. 280), and the short-lived sovereignty of his brother Melcager, Antipater, a nephew of Cassander, was placed on the throne, but his incapacity became speedily apparent, and the times being such as to require an efficient military leader, he was set aside after a reign of only 45 days, and Sosthenes assumed the command of the army, though without the title of king. His arms were at first crowned with success: he defeated the division of the Gauls under Belgius, and for a time cleared Macedonia of the barbarians, but was in his turn defeated by Brennus, and compelled to shut up his troops within the walls of the fortresses. Brennus, however, now turned his arms against Greece. Macedonia became again free, and Sosthenes retained the administration of affairs during the space of nearly two years. Such at least is the statement of Porphyry, but the chronology of these events extremely obscure. Sosthenes is included by the chronologers among the kings of Macedonia; but it is very doubtful whether he ever assumed the royal title, which he had at first expressly refused. (Justin. xxiv. 5, 6; Porphyr. ap. Euseb. Arm. vol. i. pp. 156, 157, 162.) [E. H. B.] SO'STHENES (Zwolévns), of Cnidus, wrote a work on Iberia, of which Plutarch quotes the thirteenth book. (Plut. de Fluv. cc. 16, 17; Vossius, de Hist. Graecis, p. 500, ed. Westermann.) SO'STHENES (Zwolevns), a gem-engraver, for the above form, first suggested by Visconti, seems to be most probably the correct mode of reading the inscription on a celebrated gem, which others have read Sosicles or Sosocles. This is one of the many examples of the confusion of Greek names beginning in So. The Gem is an intaglio, representing a Gorgon's head, in that beautiful style which did not prevail until after the time of Praxiteles. (Stosch, pl. 65; Bracci, pl. 109; Mus. Borb. vol. iv. pl. 39; Eckhel, Pierres grav. 31; Lippert, Daktyliothek, i. ii. 70-77; R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 154, 155, 2d ed.) [P. S.] SO'STRATUS (Zorparus), a youth beloved by Hercules, to whom funeral sacrifices were offered in Achaia, and whose tomb was shown in the neighbourhood of the town of Dyme. (Paus. vii. 17. § 4) [L. S.] SO'STRATUS (ZwσTρаTOS). 1. An Aeginetan, son of Laodamas, is alluded to by Herodotus as having made the greatest profits ever realized by a single commercial voyage, but unfortunately the period and other circumstances of this successful enterprise are wholly unknown to us. (Herod. iv. 152.) 2. A Syracusan. [SOSISTRATUS, No. 2.] 3. Son of Amyntas, a noble Macedonian youth, in the service of Alexander the Great; was one of those implicated in the conspiracy of the pages against that monarch, for which he was put to death together with his friend and associate Hermolaus. [HERMOLAUS.] 4. A citizen of Chalcedon, who became a courtier of the Gaulish king Cavarus, and is accused of having corrupted the naturally good disposition of that chieftain by his flatteries. (Polyb. ap. Athen. vi. p. 252, c.) 5. A flute-player and parasite, who enjoyed a high place in the favour of Antiochus II. king of Syria. His sons were admitted by that monarch among his body-guards. (Athen. i. p. 19, a. vi. p. 244, f.) 6. Father of Deinarchus the Athenian orator, called by some writers Socrates. [E. II. B.] SO'STRATUS, literary. 1. A grammarian who lived in the time of Augustus. He was a native of Nysa, and a son of Aristodemus, who was an old man when Strabo was young (Strabo, xiv. p. 560). 2. A native of Phanagoreia (Steph. Byz. s. v. Mukáλn). We have no means of deciding whether it is to either of these, or to some different author, that the following works are to be ascribed: 1. A work on Etruscan history (Tuppηvikά, Plut. Parall. Min. c. 28; Stob. Floril. xiv. 35). 2. A work on animals (Athen. vii. pp. 303, b., 312, e.; Aelian. Hist. An. v. 27, vi. 51). 3. A work on legendary history (Muk) dywyń, Stob. I. c. c. 19). 4. A treatise on hunting (kuvnYNTIKÁ, Stob. 1. c. lxiv. 33). 5. A work on Thrace (OpaKIKά, Stob. l. c. vii, 66). 6. A treatise on rivers (Plut. de Fluv. c. 2; Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 227, ed. Westermann.) [C. P. M.] SO'STRATUS (ZwσTpaTos), the name of three members of the family of the Asclepiadae. 1. The third in descent from Aesculapius, the son of Hippolochus I., and the father of Dardanus, who may be supposed to have lived in the eleventh century B. C. (Jo. Tzetzes, Chil. vii. Hist. 155, in Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. xii. p. 680, ed. vet.) 2. The eighth in descent from Aesculapius, the son of Theodorus I., and the father of king Crisamis II., who lived perhaps in the eighth and seventh centuries B. c. (Id. ibid.) 3. The twelfth in descent from Aesculapius, the son of Theodorus II., and the father of Nebrus, who lived in the seventh century B. C. (Id. ibid.; Poeti Epist. ad Artax. ap. Hippocr. Opera, vol. iii. p. 770.) 4. A surgeon of Alexandria, mentioned in terms of praise by Celsus (De Med. vii. praef. p. 137), who may be conjectured (from the names of his apparent contemporaries) to have lived in the third century B. C. (See also Cels. vii. 4, 14, pp. 139, 151.) Sprengel says he was a celebrated lithotomist, but of this there is no evidence. He appears to have given some attention to the subject of bandages (Galen, De Fasc. c. 102, 103, vol. xviii. pt. i. p. 823; Nicetas, cc. 469, 482, 484), and is probably the same person who wrote some zoological works, which are quoted by several ancient authors, but are not now extant. (Aelian, De Nat. Anim. v. 27, vi. 51; Schol. Nicand. Ther. vv. 565, 747, 760, 764; Schol. Theocr. Id. i. 115* ; Athen. Deipn. vii. 66, 90, pp. 303, 312.) See also Galen, De Antid. ii. 14. vol. xiv. p. 184; and Gariopontus, De Febr. c. 7. (Sprengel's Gesch. der Arzneik, ed. 1846.) [W. A. G.] SO STRATUS (Zwσтpatos), artists. There are at least four, if not five, Grecian artists mentioned, of this name, who have been frequently confounded with one another, but whom Thiersch has distinguished with much skill and, for the most part, correctly. (Epochen d. bild. Kunst., pp. 278, 282, foll.) 1. A statuary in bronze, the sister's son of Pythagoras of Rhegium, and his disciple, flourished about Ol. 89, B. c. 424. (Plin. N. H. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. § 5.) None of his works are mentioned. 2. Of Chios, the instructor of Pantias, and * In this passage (as Dr. Rosenbaum, the editor of the new edition of Sprengel's History, remarks) for Σώπατρος we should read Σώστρατος. |