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nius also proposed a lex sumtuaria (Gell. ii. 24; | C. f. consul B. c. 122; 2. C. Fannius, M. f. tribune Macrob. Sat. ii. 13; Plin. H. N. x. 50. s. 71).

2. C. FANNIUS C. F. STRABO, the son of the preceding, was consul B. c. 122 with Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus. In his tribuneship of the plebs he had followed the guidance and advice of Scipio Africanus senior. Fannius owed his election to the consulship chiefly to the influence of C. Gracchus, who canvassed the people on his behalf, as he was anxious to prevent his enemy Opimius from obtaining the office. But as soon as Fannius entered upon the consulship, he supported the aristocracy, and took an active part in opposing the measures of Gracchus. He published a proclamation commanding all the Italian allies to leave Rome, and he spoke against the proposal of Gracchus, who wished to give the Roman franchise to the Latins. This speech was preserved and was regarded as a master-piece in the time of Cicero. Many persons questioned whether it had been composed by Fannius himself, as he had the reputation of being only a middling orator; but Cicero assigns it to him. It continued to be read by the grammarians (Cic. Brut. 26; Plin. H. N. ii. 32; Plut. C. Gracch. 8, 11, 12; Cic. de Orat. iii. 47; Jul. Vict. de Art. Rhet. p. 224, ed. Orelli; Meyer, Orat. Rom. Fragm. p. 191, &c., 2d ed.)

3. C. FANNIUS M. F. STRABO, the son-in-law of Laelius, is frequently confounded with C. Fannius C. f. [No. 2.] In his youth he served in Africa, under Scipio Africanus, in B. c. 146, and along with Tib. Gracchus, was the first to mount the walls of Carthage on the capture of the city. He afterwards served in Spain with distinction, in B. C. 142, under Fabius Maximus Servilianus. (Plut. Tib. Gracch. 4; Appian, Hisp. 67.) Fannius is introduced by Cicero as one of the speakers | both in his work De Republica, and in his treatise De Amicitia. At the advice of his father-in-law Laelius, Fannius had attended the lectures of the Stoic philosopher, Panaetius. His style of speaking was harsher than that of his namesake, C. Fannius C. f, and none of his orations are mentioned by Cicero. He owed his celebrity in literature to his History, which was written in Latin, and the style of which is described by Cicero as neque nimis infans neque perfecte diWe have no information respecting the extent of this History; we only know that it treated of contemporary events; and that it possessed some merit appears from the fact of Brutus making an abridgment of it. Sallust likewise praises its truth. (Cic. de Rep. i. 12, Lael. 1, Brut. 26, 31, comp. 21, de Leg. i. 2, ad Att. xii. 5 ; Sall. ap. Victorin. 57, ed. Orelli; Krause, Vitae et Fragm. Hist. Rom. p. 171, &c.; Orelli, Onom. Tull. pp. 249, 250.)

serta."

66

One of the difficulties respecting this C. Fannius M. f. arises from a letter of Cicero, in which he writes to Atticus to ask him under what consuls C. Fannius M. f. was tribune of the plebs, adding that he believed that it was during the censorship of P. Africanus and L. Mummius, that is, in B. C. 142 (Cic. ad Att. xvi. 13, c.). Pighius therefore concluded from this passage, that the C. Fannius M. f. who was tribune of the plebs in B. c. 142, must have been a different person from the son-inlaw of Laelius, who was serving that year in Spain, as we have already seen; and he accordingly supposes that there were three contemporaries of the name of C. Fannius, namely, 1. C. Fannius,

B. C. 142, and 3. C. Fannius, M. f., the son-in-law of Laelius and the historian. But the creation of another person of the same name in order to get out of a chronological difficulty, is always suspicious; and if there were three C. Fannii, who were contemporaries, Cicero would hardly have omitted to mention them, especially since he speaks of the two C. Fannii in such close connection. Orelli supposes (Onom. Tull. l. c.) that C. Fannius, the son-in-law of Laelius, was tribune of the soldiers in Spain in B. c. 142, and that Cicero confounded this tribuneship with the tribuneship of the plebs. But this supposition of Orelli cannot be correct, if Cicero (de Rep. i. 12) is right in his statement that the son-in-law of Laelius was only of quaestorian age in B. c. 129, that is, not more than thirty, since in that case he would not have been old enough to have been tribune of the soldiers in B. C. 142. It is much more probable that Cicero confounded C. Fannius, M. f., the son-in-law of Laelius, with C. Fannius, C. f., and that the latter was tribune of the plebs in B. c. 142. It is, however, quite impossible to reconcile all the statements of ancient writers respecting this C. Fannius. According to his own statement, as preserved by Plutarch (Tib. Gracch. 4), he was one of the first to mount the walls of Carthage in B. c. 146, but if he was thirty in B. c. 129, he could only have been thirteen in the former year!

STRABO, C. JULIUS CAESAR. [CAESAR, No. 10.]

STRABO, M. LAE'NIUS, of Brundisium, a Roman eques and a friend of Varro, was the first person who introduced the use of the aviaries, in which birds of various kinds were kept. (Varr. R. R. iii 5. § 8; Plin. H. N. x. 50, s. 72, where he is erroneously called M. Laelius Strabo.) STRABO, CN. POMPEIUS. [POMPEIUS, No. 21.]

STRABO, SEIUS, a Roman eques, was commander of the praetorian troops at the latter end of the reign of Augustus and the commencement of that of Tiberius. He was subsequently sent by the latter emperor to govern Egypt, and was then succeeded in the sole command of the praetorian troops by his son, the notorious Sejanus, who had shared with him the command from the first year of the reign of Tiberius. (Tac. Ann. i. 7, 24, iv. 1; Dion Cass. Ivii. 19.) [SEJANUS.]

STRABO, TITIUS. 1. C., belonged to the republican party on the death of Caesar. (Cic. ad Fam. xii. 6.)

2. L., a Roman eques, whom Cicero introduced to M. Brutus (ad Fam. xiii. 14).

STRABO, L. VOLTEIUS, known only from coins, a specimen of which is annexed. The obverse represents the head of Jupiter, the reverse Europa carried away on the bull." (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 345.)

VOLFSTR

COIN OF L. VOLTEIUS STRABO.

STRABO, C. PAETILIUS, C. L., the name of a freedman, which appears, with the epithet CAELATOR, on an inscription, respecting the genuineness of which there are strong doubts. There is no other mention of this artist. (Muratori, Thes. vol. i. p. lxx. n. 6; Maffei, Art. Cr. Lapid. p. 214; Orelli, Inser. Lat. Sel. n. 1614; R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, p. 409.) [P.S.] STRATEGOPU'LUS, GREGO'RIUS.

[MAMMAS.]

STRATIUS (ΣTρários.) 1. A son of Nestor and Anaxibia. (Hom. Od. iii. 413.)

2. A son of Clymenus. (Paus. ix. 37. § 1.) 3. Stratios, i. e. the warlike, occurs also as a surname of Zeus and Ares. (Strab. xiv. p. 659; Herod. v. 119.)

[L. S.] STRATIUS (ΣTpários). 1. An Achaean of Tritaca, was one of the deputies who met to deliberate concerning the course to be pursued at the breaking out of the war between Perseus and the Romans (B. c. 169). Though his sentiments were hostile to Rome, he dissuaded his countrymen from taking any active part against the republic (Polyb. xxviii. 6). He was one of the Achaeans afterwards carried to Rome in B. c. 167, to await the judgment of the senate, and an embassy sent thither by his countrymen in B. C. 160, had for its chief object to obtain the liberation of him and Polybius (Id. xxxii. 7). He was not, however, set free till long after, when he returned to his native country, where we find him thenceforth taking a strong part in support of the Roman influence, and opposing the destructive counsels of Critolaus and Diaeus. (Id. xxxviii. 5, xl. 4.)

2. A physician and friend of Eumenes II., king of Pergamus, who was sent by him to Rome in B. C. 167, to restrain as well as observe the ambitious designs of his brother Attalus. By his prudent admonitions he succeeded in recalling that prince to a sense of duty. (Polyb. xxx. 2; Liv. xlv. 19.)

[E. H. B.]

the assembly the most preposterous decrees (Plut. Demetr. 11, 12). When on one occasion, he proposed a vote that whatever Demetrius ordered was pious towards the gods and just towards men, a satirical remark of Demochares in reply to some who said that Stratocles must be mad to propose such decrees, led to a quarrel between Demochares and the partizans of Stratocles, and ultimately to the banishment of the former (Plut. Demetr. c. 24. Compare DEMOCHARES, vol. i. p. 973). It was to accommodate the celebration of the Eleusinian mysteries to the convenience or caprice of Demetrius, who demanded to be initiated, that Stratocles proposed the outrageously absurd decree, that the people should call the month Munychion Anthesterion, and celebrate the smaller mysteries, and then forthwith change the name again to Boedromion and celebrate the greater mysteries (Plut. Demetr. 26). This was in B. c. 302. A fragment of a speech of Stratocles is quoted by Photius (Cod. ccl. 4. p. 447, a. ed. Bekker.) from Agatharchides (Ruhnken. Hist. Crit. Orat. Graec. Opusc. p. 362, &c.).

We find a Stratocles mentioned as one of the Athenian generals at the battle of Chaeroneia, in B. C. 338. (Polyaen. Strateg. iv. 2; comp. Aesch. adv. Ctes. c. 45. p. 74.) Droysen (Gesch. der Nachfolger Alcxanders, p. 498) considers the general and the orator to be identical.

Cicero (Brutus, 11) mentions a Stratocles in a connection which seems to point him out as a rhetorician who was the author of some historical work. Ruhnken, however (l. c. p. 364) identifies him with the Athenian orator.

2. A celebrated actor at Rome, mentioned by Quintilian (Inst. Orat. xi. 3, § 178) and Juvenal (iii. 99).

3. Some others of the same name are met with, the notices of whom are not worth inserting here. [C. P. M.]

STRATON (EpάTwv), historical. 1. A Tyrian, who was preserved by the gratitude of his slave, upon occasion of a general servile insurrection, and was subsequently elected by general consent to be king of Tyre, a dignity which he transmitted to his descendants. No clue is given us to the date of this story, which is recorded only by Justin (xviii. 3), and wears a very fabulous aspect.

STRATOLAS (Zтparóλas), a citizen of Elis, and one of the leaders of the oligarchical party STRATOCLES (ΣтрaтокλĤs). 1. An Athe- there. In B. C. 364 we find him in command of nian orator, the son of Euthydemus. He was a what Xenophon calls the Three Hundred, -percontemporary of Demosthenes, and a friend of the haps a body organized by the oligarchs out of their orator Lycurgus. It was on his motion that a own class, in imitation of the Sacred Band of decree was passed investing Lycurgus with the Thebes (see Thirlwall's Greece, vol. v. p. 136). office of manager of the public revenue (Plut. Vit. Acting in this capacity, he fell in battle at Olymx. Orat. p. 852. a.). Stratocles was a virulent op- pia against the Arcadians, who had invaded Elis, ponent of Demosthenes, whom he charged with and were attempting to celebrate the Olympic having accepted bribes from Harpalus (Deinarch. games under the presidency of Pisa. (Xen. Hell. in Demosth. pp. 175, a. 177, a. Compare DE-vii. 4. §§ 15, 31; comp. Diod. xv. 77, 82.) [E. E.] MOSTHENES, vol. i. p. 986). He was himself a man of very disreputable character, though a persuasive speaker (Demosth. adv. Pantaen. p. 944. c.; Plut. Demetr. c. 11. p. 893, e.). Plutarch compares him to Cleon, whom he seems even to have surpassed in impudence. On the occasion of the defeat of Amorgus (B. c. 322) Stratocles, having himself received intelligence some time before the news became generally known, crowned himself with a chaplet, and went through the Cerameicus, proclaiming that the Athenians had been victorious, and bidding the people celebrate a festival of thanksgiving. When the real state of the case became known, and the people indignantly charged him with having deceived them, he asked, with consummate effrontery, what harm he had done, for it was owing to him that they had had three days' enjoyment. Stratocles especially distinguished himself by his extravagant flattery of Demetrius, in whose honour he brought forward in

2. Son of Gerostratus, the king or dynast of Aradus in Phoenicia at the time of its conquest by Alexander. Gerostratus himself was absent with the Persian fleet, but Straton hastened after the battle of Issus (B. c. 333) to meet the conqueror on his advance into Phoenicia with the offering of a crown of gold, and bearing the submission of Aradus and its dependent cities. (Arrian. Anab. ii. 13; Curt. iv. 1. § 6.)

3. King or dynast of Sidon, at the same period, was distinguished for his luxury and voluptuousness, in which he sought to vie with his contem

porary Nicocles, king of Salamis (Athen. xii. p. | 531). After the conquest of Phoenicia, he was deposed by Alexander on account of the support he had given to Dareius, and his throne conferred upon Abdalonimus, a man in humble circumstances. (Curt. iv. 1. § 16; Diod. xvii. 47, erroneously represents him as king of Tyre.)

4. A Greek rhetorician, a friend of M. Brutus, who was present with him at the fatal battle of Philippi (B. c. 42), and having fled with him from the field, was induced to render him a last service by dispatching him with his own sword. He was subsequently reconciled with Octavian, who treated him with distinction, and to whom he rendered good service at the battle of Actium. (Plut. Brut. 52, 53.)

[E. H. B.]

writers, he appears to have held a pantheistic system, the specific character of which cannot however, be determined. He seems to have denied the existence of any god out of the material universe, and to have held that every particle of matter has a plastic and seminal power, but without sensation or intelligence; and that life, sensation, and intellect, are but forms, accidents, and affections of matter. Some modern writers have regarded Straton as a forerunner of Spinoza, while others see in his system an anticipation of the hypothesis of monads. He has been charged with atheism by Cudworth, Leibnitz, Bayle, and other distinguished writers, and warmly defended by Schlosser, in his Spicilegium historico-philosophicum de Stratone Lampsaceno, cognomine Physico, et athe

good account of the controversy, with references to the writers who have noticed Straton, is given by Harless, in his edition of Fabricius. (Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. pp. 506-508; C. Nauwerck, de Strut. Lamps. Phil. Disquis. Berol. 1836, 8vo.)

3. Another Peripatetic philosopher of Alexandria. (Diog. Laërt. v. 61.)

4. An historian, who wrote the exploits of Philip and Perseus in their wars with the Romans, and may therefore be supposed to have lived about B. c. 160. (Diog. Laërt. v. 61.)

STRATON (Tрáτwv), literary. 1. An Atheismo vulgo ei tributo, Vitemberg. 1728, 4to. A nian comic poet of the Middle Comedy, according to Suidas (s. v.), who mentions his play entitled oivi, which is, no doubt, the same as the ouviKions, from which a considerable fragment is quoted by Athenaeus (ix. p. 382, e.). From the frequency with which the name of the comic poet Strattis occurs corrupted into Straton, some distinguished scholars have supposed that the fragment in Athenaeus should be ascribed to Strattis, and that the comic poet Straton owes his existence solely to the errors of transcribers, followed by Suidas. It has, however, been shown by Meineke, from the internal evidence of the fragment itself, that it could hardly have been written by Strattis, or by any other poet of the Old Comedy; and therefore there is no reason to reject the testimony of Suidas, although it may be doubted whether he is strictly correct in ascribing Straton to the Middle Comedy. If the Philetas mentioned in the fragment be, as seems very probable, the celebrated poet of Cos, who flourished about Ol. 120, Straton ought rather to be referred to the New than to the Middle Comedy. The first three verses of the fragment and the beginning of the fourth were appropriated by Philemon. (Ath. xiv. p. 659, b.)

5. Of Sardis, an epigrammatic poet, and the compiler of an Anthology, which was entitled, from the subject common to all the poems of which it consisted, Movσa maidiкh. It is so called in the preface of Constantinus Cephalas to this section of his Anthology. It was composed partly of epigrams compiled from the earlier anthologies of Meleager and Philip, and from other sources, and partly of poems written by Straton himself. Of the poets comprised in the Garland of Meleager, Straton received thirteen into his collection, name ly, Meleager, Dioscorides, Polystratus, Antipater, Aratus, Mnasalcas, Evenus, Alcaeus of Messene, Phanias, Asclepiades, Rhianus, Callimachus, and Poseidippus: of those in the Anthology of Philip, he only took two, namely, Tullius Laureas and Automedon; and to these he added ten others, namely, Flaccus, Alpheius of Mytilene, Julius Leo

Another comic poet of this name is mentioned by Plutarch (Symp. v. 1), as a contemporary. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. pp. 496, 497; Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. vol. i. pp. 426-428, vol. iv. pp. 545-548, Editio Minor, pp. 1156-nidas, Scythinus, Numenius, Dionysius, Fronto, 1158.)

2. The son of Arcesilaus, of Lampsacus, was a distinguished peripatetic philosopher, and the tutor of Ptolemy Philadelphus. He succeeded Theophrastus as head of the school in Ol. 123, B. c. 288, | and, after presiding over it eighteen years, was succeeded by Lycon. (Diog. Laërt. v. 58.) He devoted himself especially to the study of natural science, whence he obtained, or, as it appears from Cicero, himself assumed the appellation of Physicus (quoikós). Cicero, while speaking highly of his talents, blames him for neglecting the most necessary part of philosophy, that which has respect to virtue and morals, and giving himself up to the investigation of nature. (Acad. Quaest. i. 9, de Fin. v. 5.) In the long list of his works, given by Diogenes, several of the titles are upon subjects of moral philosophy, but the great majority belong to the department of physical science.

The opinions of Straton have given rise to much interesting controversy; but unfortunately the result has been very unsatisfactory on account of the want of positive information. From the few notices of his tenets, which we find in the ancient

Thymocles, Glaucus, and Diocles. The whole number of poems in the collection is 258, of which 98 are by Straton himself. The work formed the last section of the Anthology of Constantine [PLANUDES], and is printed in Jacobs's edition of the Palatine Anthology, c. xii.

The time of Straton has been disputed, but it is evident that he lived in the second century of our era; since, on the one hand, he compiled from the Anthology of Philip, who flourished at the end of the first century, and, on the other hand, he is mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius (v. 61), who wrote most probably at the beginning of the third century. A further indication of his date is derived by Schneider from his mention of the physician Capito, who flourished under Hadrian.

Some of the epigrams of Straton are elegant and clever; but nothing can redeem the disgrace attaching to the moral character of his compilation. (Brunck, Anal, vol. ii. pp. 359, foll.; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. iii. pp. 68, foll., vol. vi. Proleg. pp. xlvi.—xlix., vol. xiii. pp. 955, 956.) [P. S.]

STRATON (Erpáтwv), the name of several physicians:-1. A physician mentioned by Aris

totle, who lived probably in the sixth or fifth century B. C., as he is called larpòs apxaîos (Diog. Laërt. v. 3. §61).

2. A native of Berytus in Phoenicia, one of whose medical formulae is quoted by Galen (De Compos. Medicam, sec, Loc. iv. 8. vol. xii. p. 749). He is probably the same person who appears to be quoted by Andromachus the Younger (ap. Galen. ibid. ix. 5. vol. xiii. p. 290) and Asclepiades Pharmacion (ibid. p. 303), simply as ó Bnpúrios, and who must have lived some time in or before the first century after Christ. Sprengel and others suppose Straton of Berytus to have been the same person as the follower of Erasistratus, which may possibly be true, but cannot be proved; while, on the other hand, it may be plausibly argued that this physician is called o Bapórios, in order to distinguish him from his more celebrated namesake.

3. A pupil of Erasistratus in the third century B. C., who appears to have lived on very intimate terms with his tutor. (Diog. Laërt. v. 3. § 61; Galen. De Ven. Sect. adv. Erasistr. Rom. Deg. c. 2, vol. xi. p. 197; Oribas. Coll. Medic. xlv. 23, p. 60, ed. Mai.) He wrote a work to explain the difficult words found in the writings of Hippocrates, which is mentioned by Erotianus (Gloss. Hippocr. s. v. άuny). Like the rest of the followers of Erasistratus, he was averse to blood-letting (Galen. De Ven. Sect. adv. Erasistr. c. 2, vol. xi. p. 151), but could not give any very good reasons for his opinion. He is probably the physician quoted by Alexander Trallianus (i. 15, pp. 156, 157), and Aëtius (i. 2, 3, iv. 1, 7, 46, pp. 64, 616, 628). He was tutor to Apollonius of Memphis (Galen. De Diff. Puls. iv. 17, vol. viii. p. 759), and not his father, as some have supposed. [APOLLONIUS, p. 246.] See Sprengel's Gesch. der Arzneik. vol. i. pp. 559, 561, ed. 1846.

4. A slave at Rome in the former half of the first century B. c., who was bought by Sassia, the mother of Cluentius, to prepare poisons for her; and who was afterwards crucified for murder and robbery. (Cic. pro Cluent. cc. 63-66). [W. A. G.] STRATON, a sculptor, who, with Xenophilus, made, for the temple of Asclepius at Argos, the white marble statues of the god, and of his attendant Hygieia; near which were placed the statues of the artists themselves. (Paus. ii. 23. $ 4.) [P. S.] STRATONICE (Eтpaтovíkп). 1. One of the daughters of Thespius, and by Heracles the mother of Atromus. (Apollod. ii. 7. § 3.)

2. A daughter of Pleuron and Xanthippe. (Apollod. i. 7. § 7.)

3. The wife of Melaneus and the mother of Eurytus. (Hes. Fragm. 48.) [L. S.]

STRATONICE (≥тpatovíên). 1. A sister of Perdiccas II., king of Macedonia, who was given by him in marriage to the Thracian prince SEUTHES, the nephew of Sitalces, as a reward for the service rendered him by the former in persuading Sitalces to withdraw from Macedonia. (Thuc. ii. 101.)

2. Daughter of Corrhaeus (a Macedonian otherwise unknown), and wife of Antigonus, king of Asia, by whom she became the mother of two sons,

* Straton is here too positively said to have been the native of Berytus; he ought to have been called the follower of Erasistratus, who may possibly have been "the native of Berytus," but cannot be proved to have been so.

Demetrius Poliorcetes and Philippus, who died in B. c. 306 (Plut. Demetr. 2). In B. c. 320 she is mentioned as entering into negotiations with Docimus, when that general was shut up with the other adherents of Perdiccas, in a fortress of Phrygia: but having induced him to quit his stronghold, she caused him to be seized and detained as a prisoner (Diod. xix. 16). After the battle of Ipsus she fled from Cilicia (where she had awaited the issue of the campaign) with her son Demetrius to Salamis in Cyprus, B. c. 301. (Id. xxi. Exc. Hoeschel. p. 480.) Here she probably died, as we hear nothing of her when the island fell into the power of Ptolemy some years afterwards.

3. Daughter of Demetrius Poliorcetes and Phila, the daughter of Antipater. In B. c. 300, at which time she could not have been more than seventeen years of age, her hand was solicited by Seleucus, king of Syria, and she was conducted by her father Demetrius to Rhosus, on the Pierian coast, where her nuptials were celebrated with the utmost magnificence (Plut. Demetr. 31, 32). Notwithstanding the disparity of their ages, she appears to have lived in perfect harmony with the old king for some years, and had already borne him one child, when it was discovered that her step-son Antiochus was deeply enamoured of her, and Seleucus, in order to save the life of his son, which was endangered by the violence of his passion, gave up Stratonice in marriage to the young prince, whom he at the same time constituted king of the provinces of Upper Asia. (Plut. Dem. 38; Appian. Syr. 59; and the other authorities cited under ERASISTRATUS, where the well-known circumstances of this story are more fully related.) The union commenced under such strange auspices seems to have been a prosperous one, but we find little subsequent mention of Stratonice. She bore three children to Antiochus: 1. Antiochus II., surnamed Theos; 2. Apama, married to Magas, king of Cyrene; and 3. Stratonice [No. 4.]. The city of Stratoniceia in Caria was named after her, but whether it was founded in her honour by Seleucus or by Antiochus, is uncertain. (Strab. xiv. p. 660; Steph. Byz. s. v. Zтpатоvíкela.)

4. Daughter of the preceding and of Antiochus I., was married to Demetrius II., king of Macedonia. (Euseb. Arm. i. p. 164.) The period of their marriage is unknown; but she appears to have remained in Macedonia till about B. c. 239, when she quitted Demetrius in disgust, on account of his second marriage with Phthia, the daughter of Olympias, and retired to Syria. Here she in vain incited her nephew Seleucus II. to avenge the insult offered her by declaring war against the Macedonian king. According to another account, she was in hopes to induce Seleucus himself to marry her; but that monarch was wholly occupied with the recovery of Babylonia and the upper provinces of the empire. While he was thus engaged, Stratonice took advantage of his absence to raise a revolt against him at Antioch; but she was easily expelled from that city on the return of Seleucus, and took refuge in Seleucia, where she was besieged, taken prisoner, and put to death. (Justin. xxviii. 1; Agatharchides, ap. Joseph. c. Apion. i. 22; Niebuhr, Kl. Schriften, p. 254; Droysen, Hellenism. vol. ii. p. 414.)

5. A daughter of Antiochus II., king of Syria, married to Ariarathes III., king of Cappadocia.

(Diod. xxxi. Exc. Phot. p. 518; Euseb. Arm. i. p. 164.)

6. One of the numerous wives of Mithridates the Great, was originally a woman of mean birth, the daughter of a harper, but obtained such influence over the king as to become one of his favourite wives; and when he was compelled to undertake his perilous retreat round the Euxine sea, she was left by him in charge of a strong fortress, in which he had deposited a large amount of treasure. She was, however, induced to betray both the fortress and treasures into the hands of Pompey, on condition that he should spare the life of her son Xiphares; but Mithridates, in order to punish her for this treason, put Xiphares to death before her eyes. (Appian, Mithr. 107; Plut. Pomp. 36; Dion Cass. xxxvii. 7.) [E. H. B.] STRATONICUS (Eτpaτóvikos), of Athens, a distinguished musician of the time of Alexander the Great, of whom scarcely any thing is recorded, except the sharp and witty rebuke which he administered to Philotas, when the latter boasted of a victory which he had gained over Timotheus. (Strab. xiii. p. 610; Aelian. N. A. xiv. 14; Ath. viii. p. 352, b.) [P.S.] STRATONICUS (ETрaтóviкos), a physician at Pergamus in Mysia, a pupil of Sabinus, and one of Galen's tutors, about A. D. 148. (Galen. De Atra Bile, c. 4, vol. v. p. 119.) It is not certain whether he is the same person whose opinion | respecting the generation of male and female children is mentioned by Galen (De Sem. ii. 5, vol. iv. p. 629), and who is called by him ὁ φυσικὸς Στρατόνικος.

was attacked was the Пoráμio, which, the Scho liast says, was brought out before the Ecclesiazusae of Aristophanes, and therefore not later than B. C. 394 or 393 (see Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. s. a. 394). Again, in his 'Av@pwnоppaíσrns he attacked Hege lochus, the actor of the Orestes of Euripides; so that this play must have been brought out later than B. C. 408, the year in which the Orestes was exhibited (Schol. Eurip. Orest. 278; Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. s. a. 407). Strattis was still exhibiting at the end of the 99th Olympiad, B. c. 380, for we cannot well refer to an earlier period his attack on Isocrates on account of his fondness for Lagisca when he was far advanced in years (Ath. xiii. p. 592, d.; Harpocr. s. v. Aayioka). We have little opportunity of forming a judgment on the poetical character of Strattis. His intense admiration of the Orestes of Euripides does not say much for his taste (Schol. Eurip. Orest. 278). From the epithet poрTIKóν, applied to one of his plays, it may be inferred that he indulged in that low and insipid buffoonery, with which Aristophanes frequently charges his rivals (Hesych. s. v. KoλEKάVOL; comp. Aristoph. Nub. 524, Vesp. 66; Aristot. Eth. Nicom. iv. 8; Plut. Op. Mor. p. 348, c.)

According to an anonymous writer on Comedy (p. xxxiv.) Strattis composed sixteen dramas. Suidas mentions the following titles of his plays: 'Av@рwπорéσтηs, or, as it should be, 'Av@pwпoppalστης, Αταλάντη, Αγαθοί ἤτοι Αργυρίου ἀφανισμός, Ιφιγέρων, Καλλιπίδης, Κινησίας, Λιμνομέδων, Μακεδόνες, Μήδεια, Τρωίλος, Φοίνισσαι, Φιλοκτήτης, Χρύ σιππος, Παυσανίας, Ψυχασταί, in addition to which, four titles are mentioned by other writers, namely, Ζώπυρος περικαιόμενος, Μυρμιδόνες, Ποτάμιοι, Πύ τισος. His name sometimes appears in the corrupted form Zrpáтwv, and some scholars have supposed the comic poets Strattis and Straton to be

[W. A. G.] STRATONICUS, a statuary and silver-chaser, was one of the artists who made bronze statues representing the battles of Attalus and Eumenes against the Gauls. He therefore flourished about B. C. 240 (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. § 24; Py-one and the same person; but this opinion is unROMACHUS). He is also mentioned by Pliny, in his list of distinguished silver-chasers (xxxiii. 55) as the engraver of a cup, on which a Satyr, overpowered with wine, was represented so naturally, that the figure appeared to be rather placed upon the vessel than engraved on it. (Comp. Anth. Pal. vi. 56; Ath. xi. p. 782, b.) [P.S.]

STRATTIS (TράTTIs), tyrant of Chios in the time of Dareius Hystaspis and Xerxes, was one of those whom Dareius, in his Scythian expedition, left in charge of the bridge of boats over the Danube. At the period of the invasion of Greece by Xerxes, seven citizens of Chios conspired against Strattis, but the plot was revealed by one of their number, and the remaining six were obliged to seek safety in flight. They first applied for aid to Sparta, whence they proceeded to the Greek fleet, under the command of Leotychides, at Aegina, B. C. 479, and entreated their countrymen, but for the time without success, to strike a blow for the restoration of independence to Ionia. (Herod. iv. 138, viii. 132.) [E. E.]

STRATIS (Στράττις or Στράτις, but the former is the more correct orthography), an Athenian comic poet of the Old Comedy, flourished, according to Suidas, a little later than Callias. He must therefore have begun to exhibit about Ol. 92, B. C. 412. He was in part contemporary with Sannyrion and Philyllius, both of whom are attacked in extant quotations from his works (Schol. Aristoph. Plut. 1195; Ath. xii. p. 551, c.; Poll. x. 189.) The drama of Strattis in which Philyllius

doubtedly erroneous. (Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec.
vol. i. pp. 221-236, 427, vol. ii. pp. 763, foll.,
Editio Minor, pp. 428, foll.; Bergk, Reliq. Com.
Att. Ant. pp. 284, 285; Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. In-
trod. p. xliv. note r.)
[P. S.]

STROMBI CHIDES (Zτpoμbixídns), an Athenian, son of Diotimus, was appointed to command the eight ships which the Athenians sent to the coast of Asia, on the news of the revolt of Chios, in B. c. 412. On his arrival at Samos he added a Samian trireme to his squadron, and sailed to Teos to check the spirit of rebellion there. But soon after he was compelled to flee to Samos from a superior Peloponnesian fleet, under Chalcideus and Alcibiades, and Teos forthwith revolted. Not long after this Strombichides seems to have returned to Athens, and later in the same year he was one of three commanders who were sent to the Athenians at Samos with a reinforcement of thirty-five ships, which increased their whole force to 104. This they now divided, retaining the greater part of it at Samos to command the sea, and to carry on the war against Miletus, while Strombichides and two others were despatched to Chios with thirty triremes. On their way they lost three of their vessels in a storm; but with the rest they proceeded to Lesbos, and made preparations for the siege of Chios, to which island they then crossed over, fortified a strong post named Delphinium, and reduced the Chians for a time to great extremities. In B. c. 411, on the revolt of Abydos and Lampsacus, Strombichides sailed from Chios with twenty

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