Note IV.

There floated Haco's banner trim,

Above Norweyan warriors grim.—St. XX. p. 159. In 1263, Haco, King of Norway, came into the Frith of Clyde with a powerful armament, and made a descent at Largs, in Ayrshire. Here he was encountered and defeated, on the 2d October, by Alexander III. Haco retreated to Orkney, where he died soon after this disgrace to his arms. There are still existing, near the place of battle, many barrows, some of which, having been opened, were found, as usual, to contain bones and urns.

Note V.

His wizard habit strange.-St. XX. p. 159.

Magicians, as is well known, were very curious in the "choice and form of their vestments. Their caps are oval, or “like pyramids, with lappets on each side, and fur within. "Their gowns are long, and furred with fox-skins, under "which they have a linen garment reaching to the knee. "Their girdles are three inches broad, and have many caba"listical names, with crosses, trines, and circles inscribed on "them. Their shoes should be of new russet leather, with

a cross cut upon them. Their knives are dagger-fashion; "and their swords have neither guard nor scabbard." See these, and many other particulars, in the Discourse concerning Devils and Spirits, annexed to REGINALD SCOTT's Discovery of Witchcraft, edition 1665.

Note VI.

Upon his breast a pentacle.-St. XX. p. 159.

"A pentacle is a piece of fine linen, folded with five cor

ners, according to the five senses, and suitably inscribed "with characters. This the magician extends towards the "spirits which he invokes, when they are stubborn and rebel"lious, and refuse to be conformable unto the ceremonies "and rites of magic." See the Discourse, &c. above men❝tioned, p. 66.

Note VII.

As born upon that blessed night,

When yawning graves, and dying groan,

Proclaim'd hell's empire overthrown.-St. XXII. p. 161. It is a popular article of faith, that those who are born on Christmas, or Good Friday, have the power of seeing spirits, and even of commanding them. The Spaniards imputed the hagard and down-cast looks of their Philip II. to the disagreeable visions to which this privilege subjected him.

Note VIII.

Yet still the nightly spear and shield

The Elfin Warrior doth wield

Upon the brown hill's breast.—St. XXV. p. 167. The following extract from the Essay upon the Fairy Superstitions, in "The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border," vol. II.,

will shew whence many of the particulars of the combat between Alexander III. and the Goblin Knight are derived:

Gervase of Tilbury (Otia Imperial. ap. Script. rer. Brunsvic, vol. I. p. 797,) relates the following popular story concerning a fairy knight: "Osbert, a bold and powerful ba"ron, visited a noble family in the vicinity of Wandlebury, "in the bishopric of Ely. Among other stories related in "the social circle of his friends, who, according to custom, "amused each other by repeating ancient tales and traditions, "he was informed, that if any knight, unattended, entered "an adjacent plain by moonlight, and challenged an adversary to appear, he would be immediately encountered by a spirit in the form of a knight. Osbert resolved to make "the experiment, and set out, attended by a single squire, "whom he ordered to remain without the limits of the plain, "which was surrounded by an ancient entrenchment. On repeating the challenge, he was instantly assailed by an adver(6 sary, whom he quickly unhorsed, and seized the reins of his "steed. During this operation, his ghostly opponent sprung

up, and darting his spear, like a javelin, at Osbert, wounded "him in the thigh. Osbert returned in triumph with the horse, "which he committed to the care of his servants. The horse

was of a sable colour, as well as his whole accoutrements, and "apparently of great beauty and vigour. He remained with his "keeper till cock-crowing, when, with eyes flashing fire, he "reared, spurned the ground, and vanished. On disarm"ing himself, Osbert perceived that he was wounded, and

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"that one of his steel-boots was full of blood." Gervase adds, that, "as long as he lived, the scar of his wound opened afresh

on the anniversary of the eve on which he encountered the "spirit."-Less fortunate was the gallant Bohemian knight, who, travelling by night, with a single companion, "came in "sight of a Fairy host, arrayed under displayed banners. "Despising the remonstrances of his friend, the knight prick"ed forward to break a lance with a champion, who advan"ced from the ranks apparently in defiance. His companion "beheld the Bohemian overthrown, horse and man, by his “aërial adversary; and returning to the spot next morning, "he found the mangled corpses of the knight and steed.”— Hierarchy of Blessed Angels, p. 554.

Besides these instances of Elfin Chivalry above quoted, many others might be alleged in support of employing Fairy machinery in this manner. The forest of Glenmore, in the North Highlands, is believed to be haunted by a spirit called Lhamdearg, in the array of an ancient warrior, having a bloody hand, from which he takes his name. He insists upon those with whom he meets doing battle with him; and the clergyman, who makes up an account of the district, extant in the Macfarlane MS., in the Advocates' Library, gravely assures us, that, in his time, Lham-dearg fought with three brothers whom he met in his walk, none of whom long survived the ghostly conflict. Barclay, in his "Euphormion," gives a singular account of an officer who had ventured, with his servant, rather to intrude upon a haunted house, in a town in

Flanders, than to put up with worse quarters elsewhere. After taking the usual precautions of providing fires, lights, and arms, they watched till midnight, when, behold! the severed arm of a man dropped from the ceiling; this was followed by the legs, the other arm, the trunk, and the head of the body, all separately. The members rolled together, united themselves in the presence of the astonished soldiers, and formed a gigantic warrior, who defied them both to combat. Their blows, although they penetrated the body, and amputated the limbs, of their strange antagonist, had, as the reader may easily believe, little effect on an enemy who possessed such powers of self-union; nor did his efforts make more effectual impression upon them. How the combat terminated I do not exactly remember, and have not the book by me; but I think the spirit made to the intruders on his mansion the usual proposal, that they should renounce their redemption; which being declined, he was obliged to retreat.

The most singular tale of the kind is contained in an extract communicated to me by my friend Mr Surtees of Mainsforth, in the Bishopric, who copied it from a MS. note in a copy of Burthogge "On the Nature of Spirits," 8vo, 1694, which had been the property of the late Mr Gill, attorneygeneral to Egerton, Bishop of Durham. "It was not," says

my obliging correspondent, "in Mr Gill's own hand, but probably an hundred years older, and was said to be, E libro "Convent. Dunelm. per T. C. extract., whom I believe to "have been Thomas Cradocke, Esq. barrister, who held seve