The

pounds. Nearly two-thirds of the whole amount required for this purpose had been raised. The rest was expected to come chiefly from abroad. The Presbyterians of Ulster contributed ten thousand pounds. About a hundred churches were expected to be built by their respective congregations, without any draught upon the general fund. Nine are reported as the gift of individuals. Among these is the church at Kirkcudbright, to which eleven hundred pounds had been contributed by Mr. Lenox and Mr. Johnstone of New York. The new churches are said to be greatly superior to the old in appearance and comfort. The legal title to all ecclesiastical buildings was to be vested in a central board of trustees, but the control of the houses left to the local authorities. In some parts of the country no sites for churches had as yet been procured, nor even shelter for the pastors. One visits his congregations in a yacht; one resides at an inn, another in a schoolhouse, both without their families, and one comes sixty miles from home to perform his pastoral duties. county of Sutherland, feudally subject to the Duke of that name, contains seventeen parishes and twenty-four thousand inhabitants, of whom only four hundred remain in the establishment. There has been no communion in the established churches of that county since the rupture, for want, it is said, both of elders and communicants, while one service of the Free Church was attended by above seven thousand persons. The Duke refusing to allow sites for Free Churches in any part of his domain, the people are obliged to worship under tents or in the open air. The conduct of the Duke was strongly censured by the Marquis of Breadalbane, Mr. Fox Maule, aud Mr. Campbell of Monzie, all of whom sat as elders in the Free Assembly. The riots in Ross-shire, attending the induction of new ministers in certain parish churches, were condemned by the Assembly, but ascribed to the intolerance of landholders in refusing sites for churches. Plans were adopted for supplying districts destitute of ministers, by means of elders, catechists and students. Nearly four hundred schoolmasters have adhered to the Free Church, and are to be supported by it. A plan, proposed by a Mr. McDonald, for endowing these church-schools, by means of a peculiar system of subscription, was received with great applause. Dr. Chalmers proposed several new financial expedients to increase the funds. There are now eight hundred associa

tions which contribute weekly to the Sustentation Fund. Direct donations go to constitute the Building Fund. Collections at the church-doors are to answer local purposes, and also to support the Schemes of the Church. The appropriation of pews is recommended, but without rents, except for special purposes. The election of Deacons was directed to be made within three months. Collections had been made for only two of the Church Schemes, but the amount was nearly if not quite as great as that raised by the whole church for the same objects in any former year. Mr. Dunlop resigned his place as chairman of the Board of Missions, and was succeeded by Dr. Makellar, who gives up his congregation for the purpose. On the whole, the prospects of this noble enterprise are most encouraging, the only difficulties which exist, as Dr. Chalmers said, arising from its very success, and from the fact that the people have seceded in much larger proportions than the clergy. This second Assembly was no less harmonious than the first. The only point, on which considerable difference of judgment and of feeling still exists, is the precise mode of electing ministers, especially the question whether female communicants shall have a right to vote. The final decision of this matter was again referred to the next Assembly. The only other act which we shall mention is the resolution to appoint a delegate to represent the Free Church in this country. The Reverend Williain Cunningham, D. D., the gentleman selected for this service, is now among us, and will no doubt be cordially welcomed by the churches of America.

Egypt and the Books of Moses, or the Books of Moses illustrated by the Monuments of Egypt: with an Appendix. By Dr. E. W. Hengstenberg, Professor of Theology at Berlin. From the German, by R. D. C. Robbins, Abbot Resident, Theological Seminary, Andover. 1843. 12mo. pp. 300.

THIS is a very interesting discussion of the bearing of recent researches into the antiquities of Egypt upon the Mosaic history. Egyptian antiquities have been made the ground of two separate and inconsistent attacks upon the authenticity of the Pentateuch. It has been alleged that some of the statements of Moses are at variance with information imparted by the Egyptian monuments; as, for example, his mention of brick as a building material

whereas the brick was a Babylonian and not an Egyptian element of construction; his allusion to the vine as one of the products of Egypt, whereas the vine is said, upon other authority, never to have grown in the land; and several other like discrepancies. On the other hand it has been alleged that the resemblances between the Mosaic laws and institutions and those of Egypt are so minute and extensive as to prove that the one was but a surreptitious copy of the other. This objection is as old as the time of Simplicius. Dr. Hengstenberg disposes of these objections completely, and succeeds in deriving from the monumental history of Egypt many incidental confirmations of the sacred record. His work is divided into two parts, first the negative part, in which he disproves the pretended mistakes and inaccuracies of the author of the Peutateuch; and second, the positive part, in which he brings forward the evidence afforded by Egyptian antiquity in favour of the books of Moses. The result of the whole investigation is, as might have been anticipated, that the sacred volume, so far from being invalidated in any of its allusions or statements in relation to Egyptian matter, receives new confirmation from every addition made to our knowledge of its manners and customs, its history and its civil polity. Dr. Hengstenberg has no doubt in some few instances, pursued the parallel between the Egyptian and the Jewish economy to a fanciful extreme, but these do not affect his general argument which is, from its nature, cumulative in character, and remains possessed of ample strength after all necessary abatements are made.

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