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Apta minus videar, stricto procurrere ferro
Annuite; hæc nostri sint prima pericula martis,
Si cuique vis tanta animo, descendat in æquæ
Planiciem pugnæ; mibi si victoria cedat,
Credite victrici; noster si vicerit hostis,

Compede vincta abeam, et cunctis sim fabula sæclis.

Note 61, page 13, col. 1.

Ruin'd now.

Hanc virginem contigit pascendo pecora in sacello quo lam vilissimo, ad declinandam pluviam obdormire; quo in tempore visa est se in somnis a Deo, qui se illi ostenderat, admoneri.

Jacobus Philippus Bergomensis de claris mulieribus. Joanna Gallica Puella, dum oves pascit, tempestate coacta in proximum sacellum confugit, ibi obdormiens liberandæ Galliæ mandatum divinitus accepit.-Bonfinius.

Heroine nobilissimæ Joannæ Darc Lotheringæ vulgo
Aurelianensis Puelle historia. Authore Joanne Hor-
dal serenissimi ducis Lotharinge consiliario. Ponti-
Mussi. 1612.

Note 62, page 13, col. 1.

Saint Agnes stood.

Insanus judex eam nudam ad lupauar pertrahi jussit. At ubi beata virgo vestibus exuta est, statim crine soluto, tantam capillis densitatem ejus divina gratia | concessit, ut melius illorum fimbriis, quam vestibus tecta videratur. Introgressa quidem Agnes turpitudinis locum. Angelum Domini præparatum invenit: eam mox tanto lumine perfudit, ut præ magnitudine splendoris, a nemine conspici posset.

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Then bow'd her to the sword of martyrdom. Such is the legend of St Catherine, princess of Alexandria, whose story has been pictured upon sign-posts and in churches, but whose memory has been preserved in this country longer by the ale-house than by the altar. The most extravagant perhaps of Dryden's plays is upon this subject. In my former edition I had, ignorantly, represented Catherine as dying upon the wheel, and the description of her sufferings was far too minute. Dryden has committed the last fault in a far greater degree; the old martyrologies particularise no cruelties more revolting to the reader than he has detailed in the speech of Maximin when he orders her to execution.

From a passage in the Jerusalem Conquistada it should seem that St Catherine was miraculously betrothed to her heavenly spouse. As the crusaders approach Jerusalem, they visit the holy places on their way.

Qual visita el lugar con llanto tierno,
Donde la hermosa virgen Caterina
Se desposó con el Esposo eterno,

La Angélica Rachel siendo madrina;
Aquel Esposo, que el nevado invierno
Se cubrió con escarcha matutina,
El que tiene los ojos de palomas
Y del labio de lirio vierte aromas.

Lope de Vega.

The marginal note adds, La Virgen fue Madrina, en los desporios de Caterina y Christo.

Of St Margaret, the other favourite saint of the Maid, I find recorded by Bergomensis, that she called the pagan præfect an impudent dog, that she was thrown into a dungeon, where a horrible dragon swallowed her, that she crossed herself, upon which the dragon immediately burst and she came out safe, and that she saw the devil standing in the corner like a black man, and seized him and threw him down.

The exclamation of St Agnes at the stake should not be omitted here:- Then Agnes in the midst of the flame, stretching out her hand, prayed unto the Lord, saying, 'I bless thee, O Almighty Father! who permittest me to come unto thee fearless even in the flames. For behold! what I have believed, I see; what I have hoped, I possess; what I have desired, I embrace with my hands. Therefore I confess thee with my lips, I desire thee with my heart, with my inmost entrails; I come to thee, the living and the true God!'» The whole passage as it stands in Acta Sanctorum is very fine : «Tunc Vicarius Aspasius nomine, jussit in conspectu omnium ignem copiosum accendi, et in medium eam præcepit jactari flammarum. Quod cum fuisset impletum, statim in duas partes divisæ sunt flammæ, et hinc atque illinc sedítiosos populos exurebant, ipsam autem B. Agnen penitus in nullo contingebat incendium. Eo magis hoc non virtutibus divinis, sed maleficiis deputantes, dabant, fremitus inter se populi, et infinitos clamores ad cœlum. Tunc B. Agnes expendens manus suas in medio iguis his verbis orationem fudit ad Dominum: Omnipotens, adorande, colende, tremende, Pater Domini nostri Jesu Christi, benedico te quia per filium tuum unigenitum evasi minas hominum impiorum et spurcitias diaboli impolluta transivi. Ecce et nunc per spiritum sanctum rore cœlesti perfusa sum; Absurd as this legend is, it once occasioned a very focus juxta me moritur, flamma dividitur, et ardor extraordinary murder. A young Lombard, after hearing incendii hujus ad eos a quibus ministratur, refunditur. it, prayed so earnestly for an opportunity of fighting benedico te pater omnipotens, qui etiam per flammas, with the devil like St Margaret, that he went into the intrepidam me ad te venire permittis. Ecce quod cre- fields in full expectation that his desire would be gratididi jam video, quod speravi jam teneo, quod concu-fied. A hideous old dumb woman came by; he mistook pivi manibus jam complector, Te igitur labiis confi- her for the tempter; her inarticulate noises confirmed

de tous. Nos auteurs n'en parlent qu'avec délices. Il eût manqué quelque chose à une fête ou à un repas, si on n'y eût point servi du piment: et l'on en donnoit même aux moines dans les couvents à certains jours de l'année. » -Le Grand.

him in this opinion, and he knocked her down and | du nom général de Pimens. C'étoient les plus estimés trampled upon her. The poor wretch died of her bruises, but a miracle was wrought to save her murderer in consideration that his madness was a pious madness, and before she died, she spoke to excuse the mistake. This tale is told in that strange collection of ludicrous stories upon religious subjects, the Pia Hilaria. The authority referred to is Petr. Rausani Hist. lib. 35.

Note 66, page 15, col. 2.

The sacred sword.

<«< Puella petiit gladium, quem divinitus uti aiebat, erat facta certior in templo divæ Catherine in Turonibus, inter antiqua donaria pendere. Miratus Carolus, gladium inquiri, ac inventum protinus Puellæ afferri jussit.»-Polydore Virgil.

lle was

Roland, or rather Orlando, for it is Ariosto who has immortalised him, was buried with Durindana at his side, and his horn Olifant at his feet. Charlemain also had his good sword Joyeuse buried with him. placed in his sepulchre on a golden throne, crowned and habited in his imperial robes, though a cilicio was next his skin; one hand held a globe of gold, the other rested on the gospels, which were lying on his knees. His shield and sceptre were hung opposite to him, on the side of the sepulchre, which was filled with perfumes and spices, and then closed. Tizona was buried with the Cid, no living man being worthy to wield that sword with which Rodrigo, even after death, had triumphed; and which had been miraculously half drawn from the scabbard to avenge the insult offered by a Jew to his corpse.

Note 67, page 16, col. 1.

They partook the feast.

« Cette cérémonie chez les grands s'annonçoit au son du cor, ou au son d'une cloche; coutume qui subsiste encore dans les couvents et les maisons opulentes, pour annoncer le couvert et le dîné. Après le service des viandes, c'est-à-dire après ce que nous appelons entrées, rôti et entremets, on sortoit de table pour se laver les mains une seconde fois, comme chez les Romains, de qui paroît être venu cet usage. Les domestiques desservoient pendant ce tems; ils enlevoient une des et apportoient les confitures (qu'on nommait epices) et les vius composés. A ce moment, fait pour gaieté, commençoient les devis plaisants et joyeux propos, car dans ce bon vieux temps on aimoit beaucoup à rire. C'étoit alors que les ménétriers venoient réciter leurs fabliaux, lorsqu'on admettoit leur présence. »-Le

Grand.

Note 68, page 16, col. 1.

Or luscious with metheglin mingled rich.

nappes

Il y avoit plusieurs sortes de ces vins préparés qu'on servoit après les viandes. 1. Les vins cuits, qui sont encore en usage dans quelques provinces, et qui ont conservé le même nom. 2. Ceux auxquels on ajoutoit le suc de quelque fruit, tels que le More, fait avec du jus de mûres. 3. Ceux qu'on assaisonnoit avec du miel, comme le Nectar, le Medon, etc. 4. Ceux où l'on faisoit infuser des plantes médicinales ou aromatiques, et qui prenoient leur nom de ces plantes, Vins d'Absynthe, de Myrte, d'Aloès, etc. Le Roman de Florimont les appelle vins herbez. 5. Enfin ceux dans lesquels, outre le miel, il entroit des épices. On appelloit ces derniers

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Note 69, page 16, col. 1.

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Note 72, page 16, col. 2.

Thou canst not with thy golden belt.

Du proverbe Bonne renommée vaut mieux que ceinture dorée.

Lisant un arrest ancien qui est encores pour le jourd 'huy inseré aux registres du Chastelet de Paris, j'estimay qu'en ce proverbe il y avoit une notable sentence, et une longue ancienneté tout ensemble. Car par arrest qui est du 28 de Juin 1420, il est porté en termes exprés que deffenses sont faites à toutes femmes amoureuses, filles de joye, et paillardes de ne porter robbes à collets renversez, queües, ne ceintures dorees, boutonnieres à leurs chaperons, sur peine de confiscation et amende, et que les huissiers de parlement, commissaires et sergents du Chastelet qui les trouveroient, eussent à les mener prisonnieres.

Au surplus (je diray cecy en passant) à la mienne volonté que ceux qui donnerent cest arrest eussent tourné la chance, et que non seulement ces ceintures dorees, ains en toutes autres dorures, et affliquets, ils eussent fait deffenses à toutes femmes d'honneur d'emporter, sur peine d'estre declarees putains: car il n'y au roit point plus prompt moyen que cestuy, pour bannier le superfluité et bombance des dames.-Pasquier.

Note 73, page 17, col. 1.

I knew MYSELF.

Hæc igitur Janna Pulcella virgo, cum magnam gloriam in armis esset adepta, et regnum Francorum magnâ ex parte deperditum, e manibus Anglorum pugnando eripuisset, in suâ florente ætate constituta, non solum se morituram, sed et genus suæ mortis cunctis prædixit. » —Bergomensis.

Note 74, page 17, col. 1.
There is a path.

<< There is a path which no fowl knoweth, and which the vulture's eye hath not seen the lion's whelps have not trodden it, nor the fierce lion passed by it. » — Job, xxviii, 7, 8.

Note 75, page 17, col. 2.

As they did hear the loud alarum bell.

In sooth the estate of France was then most miserable. There appeared nothing but a horrible face, confusion, poverty, desolation, solitarinesse and feare. The lean and bare labourers in the country did terrifie even theeves themselves, who had nothing left

them to spoile but the carkasses of these poore miserable creatures, wandering up and down like ghostes drawne out of their graves. The least farmes and hamlets were fortified by these robbers, English, Bourguegnons and French, every one striving to do his worst: all men of war were well agreed to spoile the countryman and merchant. Even the cattell, accustomed to the larume bell, the signe of the enemy's approach, would run home of themselves without any guide by this accustomed misery.

This is the perfect description of those times, taken out of the lamentations of our ancestors, set down in the original, says De Serres. But amidst this horrible calamity, God did comfort both the king and realme, for about the end of the yeere, he gave Charles a goodly sonne by queen Mary his wife.

Note 76, page 17, col. 1.

Was as a pilgrim.

"O my people, hear my word: make you ready to the battle, and in those evils, be even as pilgrims upon the earth. »— 2 Esdras, xvi, 40.

Note 77, page 17, col. 1.

Cast the weak nature off.

Let go from thee mortal thoughts, cast away the burdens of man, put off now the weak nature.

And set aside the thoughts that are most heavy unto thee, and haste thee to flee from these times.»>- 2 Esdras, xiv, 14, 15.

Note 78, page 18, col. 2.

Worthy a happier.

Digna minus misero, non meliore viro.

Note 79, page 18, col. 2.
And I must put away all mortal thoughts.

Ovid.

2 Esdras, xiv, 14.

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Note 85, page 20, col. 2.

La Hire, the merriest man.

<< In the late warres in France between king Henry the fifth of England and Charles the seventh of France, the French armie being in distresse, one captain La Hire, a Frenchman, was sent to declare unto the said French king the estate and affaires of the warre, and how for want of victuals, money, and other necessaries, the French had lost divers townes and battailes to the English. The French king being disposed to use his captaine familiarly, shewed him such thinges as himself was delighted in, as his buildings, his banquets, faire ladies, etc. and then asked the captaine how hee To succeed in the siege of Orleans, the English first liked them: "Trust me, sir,' quoth the captaine, speaksecured the neighbouring places, which might other-ing his mind freely, 'I did never know any prince that wise have annoyed the besiegers. The months of more delighted himself with his losses, than August and September were spent in this work. During with yours.'»-Stowe. space they took Mehun, Baugenci, Gergean, Clery, Sully, Jenville, and some other small towns, and at last appeared before Orleans on the 12th of October. -Rapin.

that

Note 80, page 20, col. 1.

Ruin rush'd round us.

Note 81, page 20, col. 2.

Soon sadden'd Orleans.

The French king used every expedient to supply the city with a garrison and provisions, and enable it to maintain a long and obstinate siege. The lord of Gaucour, a brave and experienced captain, was appointed governor. Many officers of distinction threw themselves into the place. The troops which they conducted were inured to war, and were determined to make the most obstinate resistance: and even the inhabitants, disciplined by the long continuance of hostilities, were well qualified in their own defence, to second the efforts of the most veteran forces. The eyes of all Europe were turned towards this scene; where, it was reasonably supposed, the French were to make their last stand for maintaining the independence of their monarchy, and the rights of their sovereign.-Hume.

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you La Hire had just time before an engagement to make a general confession of his sins, and tell his confessor that they were all of them very soldier like ones. This done, he made this prayer:-« Dieu je te prie, que tu fasses aujourd'hui pour La Hire, autant que tu voudrois que La Hire fit pour toi, s'il etoit Dieu et tu fusses La Hire.» The epitaph of Thomas Hodmandod was evidently suggested by this ill-directed jest of La Hire. It is surprising how few witticisms are original. Note 86, page 20, col. 2.

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pre-eminence with it in the early times of music in France, was the viol; and indeed, when reduced to four strings, and stript of the frets with which viols of all kinds seem to have been furnished till the 16th century, it still holds the first place among treble instruments under the denomination of violin.

The viol played with a bow, and wholly different from the vielle, whose tones are produced by the friction of a wheel which indeed performs the part of a bow, was very early in favour with the inhabitants of France. Burney's History of Music.

Note 88, page 21, col. 1.

Call'd on Saint Aignan's name.

St Aignan was the tutelary saint of Orleans. He had miraculously been chosen bishop of that city when Attila besieged it. « Comme les citoyens effrayez eurent recours a leur prelat, luy, sans se soucier, pour le salut des siens, sortit de la ville et parla a Attila. Mais ne l'ayant pu flechir, il se mit en prières, fit faire des processions, et porter par les rues les reliques des saints. Un prestre s'étant mocqué, disant, que cela n'avoit de rien profité aux autres villes, tomba roide morte sur la place, portant par ce moyen la peine de son insolente temerité. Apres toutes ces choses, il commanda aux habitants de voir si le secours n'arrivoit point; ayant été répondu que non, il se remet en pricres, et puis leur fait mesme commandement: mais n'appercevant point encore de secours, pour la troisieme fois il se prosterna a terre, les yeux et l'esprit vers le Ciel. Se sentant exaucé, il fait monter a la guerite et luy rapporte-t-on que l'on ne voyoit rien si non une grosse nuée de poussiere, il assuere que c'etoit le secours d'Etius et de Teudo Roy des Goths, lesquels tardans a se montrer a l'armee d'Attila, S. Aignan fut divinement transporte en leur champ, et les advertit que tout estoit perdu, s'ils attendoient au lendemain. Ils parurent aussi-tost, et forcerent Attila de lever si hativement le siege, que plusieurs des siens se noyerent dans la Loire, d'autres s'entretuerent avec regret d'avoir perdu la ville. Et non contens de cette victoire, le poursuivirent si vivement avec le Roy Merouce, que se vint joindre a eux, qu'ils le defirent en bataille rangée pres de Châlons, jonchant la campagne de 180,000 cadavres.»-Le nouveau Parterre des fleurs des vies des Saints. Par P. Ribadeneira, André du Val, et Jean Baudoin. Lyons, 1666.

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might be, nothing could divert him from it, since the success of the siege entirely depended upon it. In vain would he have pursued his attack, if the enemies could continually introduce fresh supplies. Besides, the season, now far advanced, suggested to him, that he would be forced to pass the winter in the camp, and during that time be liable to many insults. Among the sixty forts, there were six much stronger than the rest, upon the six principal avenues of the city. The French could before with ease introduce convoys into the place, and had made frequent use of that advantage. But after these forts were built, it was with extreme difficulty that they could, now and then, give some assistance to the besieged. Upon these six redoubts the general erected batteries, which thundered against the walls.»—Rupin.

Note 91, page 22, col. 1.

The six great avenues meet in the midst. Rheims had six principal streets meeting thus in one centre where the cathedral stood.

Au centre de la ville, entre six avenues,
S'élève un sacré temple à la hauteur des nues.
Chapelain.

I know not whether towns were usually built upon this plan.

Note 92, page 22, col. 1.

Possess'd the Tournelles.

The bulwark of the Tournelles being much shaken by the besiegers' cannon, and the besieged thinking it proper to set it on fire, the English extinguished the flames, and lodged themselves in that post. At the same time they became masters of the tower on the bridge, from whence the whole city could be viewed. Rapin.

Note 93, page 22, col. 1.

The wild-fire balls shower'd through the midnight sky. Drayton enumerates these among the English preparations for war.

The engineer provided the petard

To break the strong portcullies, and the balls
Of wild-fire devised to throw from far
To burn to ground their palaces and balls.
And at the siege of Harfleur he says:

Their brazen slings send in the wild-fire balls.
Balls of consuming wild-fire
That lickt men up like lightning, bave I laughi at,
And tost 'em back again like children's trifles.
B. and F. The Mad Lover.

<< I do command that particular care be had, advising the gunners to have half butts with water and vinegar, as is accustomed, with bonnets aud old sails, and wet mantles to defend fire, that as often is thrown.

Every ship shall carry two boats' lading of stones, to throw to profit in the time of fight on the deck, forecastle or tops, according to his burden.

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That the wild-fire be reparted to the people most expert, that we have for the use thereof, at due time; for that if it be not overseen, giving charge thereof to those that do understand it, and such as we know can tell how to use it; otherwise it may happen to great danger.»-Orders set down by the duke of Medina to be observed in the voyage toward England. Harl. Misc. vol. i.

« Some were preparing to toss balls of wild-fire, as if¦ the sea had been their tennis-court.»-Deliverance of certain Christians from the Turks, Harl. Misc. vol. i.

Note 94, page 22, col. 2.

Poisonous pollution.

Thus at the siege of Thin sur l'Escault:-« Ceulx de last leur gectoient par leur engins chevaulz mors et autres bestes mortes et puantes, pour les empuantir, dont il estoient la dedans en moult grant destresse. Car lair estoit fort et chault ainsi comme en plein este, et de ce furent plus constraints que de nulle autre chose. Si considerent finablement entre eulx que celle messaise ilz ne pourroient longuement endurer ne souffrir, tant leur estoit la punaisie abhominable.»-Froissart, i. 38. This was an evil which sometimes annoyed the besieging army. At Dan « pour la puantise des bestes que lon tuoit en lost, et des chevaulx qui estoient mors, lair estoit tout corrumpu, dout moult de chevaliers et escuyers en estoient malades et merencolieux, et sey alloient les plusieurs, refreschir a Bruges et ailleurs pour éviter ce mauvais air.»-Froissart, i. 175.

Note 95, page 22, col. 2.

Shrouded in anwholesome vaults.

At Thin sur l'Escault, « La fist le duc charier grant faison d'engins de Cambray et de Douay, et en y eut six moult grans, le duc les fist lever devant la forteresse. Lesqlz engins gectoient nuyt et jour grosses pierres et mangonneaulx qui abatoient les combles et le hault des tours des chambres et des salles. Et en contraignoient les gens du Chastel par cest assault tresdurement. Et si nosient les compaignons qui le gardoient demourer en chambres nen sales quilz eussent, mais en caves et en celiers.»-Froissart, i, 38.

Note 96, page 22, col. 2.

Eager to mark the carrion crow for food.

Scudery has a most ingenious idea of the effects of famine: during the blockade of Rome by the Goths, he makes the inhabitants first eat one another, and then eat themselves.

La rage se meslant à leurs douleurs extrêmes,

Ils se mangent l'un l'autre, ils se mangent eux-mesmes.

Alaric.

Fuller expresses the want of food pithily:- - The siege grew long, and victuals short.»>

Note 97, page 22, col. 2.

When in the sun the Angel of the Lord.

And I saw an angel standing in the sun; and he cried with a loud voice, saying to all the fowls that fly in the midst of Heaven, Come and gather yourselves together unto the supper of the great God:

That ye may eat the flesh of kings, and the flesh of captains, and the flesh of mighty men, and the flesh of horses, and of them that sit on them.»-Revelation, xix, 17, 18.

The same idea occurs in Ezekiel, though not with equal sublimity.

« And thou, son of man, thus saith the Lord God, speak unto every feathered fowl, and to every beast of the field. Assemble yourselves, and come; gather yourselves on every side to my sacrifice that I do sacrifice for you, even a great sacrifice upon the mountains of Israel, that ye may eat flesh and drink blood.

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