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EXERCISE 132.-ENGLISH-LATIN.

1. Boys, rise, wash, and when you have washed (2nd fut.), apply to your business. 2. These women have tortured me with their chatter. 3. I do not doubt that these women have tortured thee with their chatter. 4. These talkative girls will kill me with their tongues. 5. I shall forbid my son to chatter. 6. Hast thou washed thy hands? 7. Come! wash thy hands well before you sit to table (accumbo). 8. They will not (nolo) wash their feet. 9. The father's word assists the son. 10. Ships are coming to assist the besieged city. 11. There is no doubt but the army of our general will speedily assist the city. 12. Hast thou cut thy thumb? 13. I have cut my leg. 14. Thou hast revived my grief. 15. Not willingly (willing) have I revived thy grief. 16. Fortune aids the brave. 17. The slave is bound. 18. The father forbids his son to be bound.

You ought now to be able to translate, at least with the aid of a dictionary, an easy Latin sentence. Make the trial. Here is a fable by Esop. I have marked the order in which the words should be taken. Can you translate it?

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Possum, posse, potui,
I am able.
Strages,-is, f., slaughter.

Accipiter, tris, m., a Milvius, -i, m., a kite. hawk. Patrocinium, i, m., Edo,3,I put forth,cause. patronage. With this aid you ought to be able to make out the whole. Here, then, you have a test of your progress. If you cannot, after sufficient study, make it out, you may feel assured that you have not attended to my instructions as you should have done. However, I will supply you with a nearly literal translation, as another means of assisting you.

The Hawk and the Wood Pigeons.

The wood pigeons, through fear of the kite, entreated the hawk to defend them. He assented. But, being received into the dovecote, he committed more slaughter in one day than the kite could have done in a long time. The fable teaches you that the patronage of the wicked should be shunned.

I will also show you the grammatical connection of some of the words, and the reason of the condition in which they severally are; that is, I will give you in it a specimen of what is called Parsing.

Columbæ, from columba, columbæ, a wood-pigeon or dove; a noun feminine of the first declension, in the nominative case, plural number, being the subject to the verb rogaverunt. Milvii, from milvius, milvii; a noun masculine of the second declension, governed in the genitive case by metu.

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You thus see that milvii metu are accidental terms, terms nc: necessary to the sentence. Ut eas defenderet is equivalent to ea: defendere, to defend them. Accordingly, rogo has two objects: first object, accipitrem; second object, ut eas defenderet. In the grammars it is said that rogo, with other verbs of asking, govern: two accusatives, the one of the person, the other of the thing.

Now in the parts thus parsed nothing occurs but what you ought to know and be able to explain. Nay, more than this, you ought to be able to give the stems of the nouns and verbs. At any rate, I must enjoin it on you, in the attempts which ! now recommend you to make in parsing, to go through every noun, every tense, etc., according to the models already sup plied-to go through all the parts carefully in every instanci. Remember, "practice makes perfect."

Two verbs in the fable may give you some trouble, namely, edidit and potuisset. Edidi, from edo, edere, edidi, 3, in th perfect tense, third person singular, is, like dedit, from do, forme by reduplication from the present edo. Potuisset, from the irregular verb possum, potui, posse, to be able, is in the subjunctive mood, pluperfect tense, third person singular, English, might have been able, or could have done.

KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN LATIN.—XXXIII. (Continued.)

EXERCISE 124.-ENGLISH-LATIN.

1. Heri amicus meus mortuus est. 2. Metuo ne amicus tuus mori

turus sit. 3. Ne largitor malis pueris. 4. Deus piis largietur. 5

Aditus in cœlum semper bonis patet. 6. Metuo ut aditus in cœlu Alexandro pateat. 7. Quamdiu patria tua pace fruebatur? 8. Quamdiu regis exercitus in patriâ nostrâ erit, pace fruemur. 9. Esne muner functus ? 10. Ne abutere patris gratiâ. 11. Loquar tecum, sed no. tibi blandiar. 12. Regi blanditus, laudem adeptus est. 13. Filius D laudem adipiscetur? 14. Filius meus gloriam maximam adeptus est. 15. Gloria virtutem eximiam sequitur. 16. Se rediturum esse, mih pollicitus est. ipsi tuentur. miserorum.

17. Ille rediit. 18. Non, cras redibit. 19. Pueri 8 20. Pueri se ipsi tueri debent. 21. Misereor et miserebor 22. Ne obliviscere vitiorum tuorum. 23. Intra pauco 24. Quando revertes ? 25. Veremini senes, O puer..

dies proficiscar.

KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN LATIN.-XXXIV. EXERCISE 125.-LATIN-ENGLISH.

1. God has given us a mind than which nothing is more excellen*. 2. The victory cost us much blood. 3. The mother of all good art. is wisdom, than which nothing more productive, nothing more excelle has been bestowed by the everlasting God on the life of men. 4. Go has placed the body as a garment round the soul (God has surroundi the soul with the body as with a garment), and has clothed it outwardly 5. Those whose fathers or forefathers were distinguished by any glo

Metu, from metus, metūs; a noun masculine of the fourth de- (glorious deeds), endeavour for the most part to excel in the same sor: clension, in the ablative case, the cause, manner, or instrument being put in the ablative. Accipitrem, from accipiter, accipitris; a noun masculine of the third declension, in the accusative case, being the object of the verb rogaverunt, which requires its object to be in the accusative.

Rogaverunt, from rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatum, to ask; a transitive verb of the first conjugation, in the perfect tense, third person plural, to agree with its subject columbæ. Ut, a conjunction, which, when, as here, it signifies a contemplated result, requires its verb to be in the subjunctive mood. Eas, a demonstrative pronoun, referring to columbæ, from is, ea, id; the accusative plural feminine gender to agree with its noun, and governed by defenderet. Defenderet, a transitive verb, from defendo, defendere, defendi, defensum, of the third conjugation, subjunctive mood, imperfect tense, third person singular number, agreeing with its subject ille understood, and governed by the conjunction ut. Ille, from ille, illa illud; a demonstrative pronoun referring to accipiter, the subject to the verb annuit.

Annuit, from annuo, annuere, annui, annutum; an intransitive

of praise (praiseworthy deeds). 6. We ought to hold our parents ver dear, because by them life has been given to us. 7. He has not conferred a benefit who unwilling has done good (who has done good ut willingly). 8. Who are more yours than those to whom you have restored safety, when they were destitute of hope? 9. The citize showed themselves most energetic defenders of liberty. 10. A great multitude surrounded the orator in the market-place. 11. Eloquenc has been given by nature for the safety of men. 12. Eloquence has been given by nature for the preservation of men. 13. A wicked orator turns eloquence to the ruin and destruction of the good. 14. What is so inhuman as to turn eloquence, given by nature for the safety and preservation of men, to the ruin and destruction of the good? 15. Pay had not been given to the soldiers for a long time. 16. Sedition arose among the soldiers. 17. Because pay had not beer: given for a long time, sedition arose among the soldiers. 18. You, my friend, will evince fidelity to me. 19. I know for certain that you, my friend, will evince fidelity to me. 20. Nothing hinders us. 21 that nothing will stand in our way so that we may not obtain the vic tory (to prevent our obtaining the victory). 24. The victory cost the death of many brave men. 25. We did not doubt that the victor, would cost the death of many brave men. 26. Will you persist in your opinion? 27. I know not whether you will persist in your opinion.

Nothing will hiuder us. 22. We may obtain a victory.

23. I believ

EXERCISE 126.-ENGLISH-LATIN.

1. Classem duci dedit. 2. Tibi classem dabit. 3. Censesne se fratre mco classem daturum esse ? 4. Nihil pluris hominibus constitit quam avaritia. 5. Deus mihi dedit sororem, quá nihil mihi est carius. 6. Soror mea mihi se amantem per totam vitam præstabit. 7. Milites fortisimos se præstiterunt, sed victoria morte multorum virorum fortium constitit. 8. Nihil obstat quominus victoriam adipiscamur. 9. Victoriam, credo, adipiscemur. 10. Socrates omnibus philosophis præstitit. 11. Quis nescit Socratem omnibus philosophis præstitisse? 12. Credis be filium tuum omnibus sociis præstaturum esse? 13. Ingens hominum

multitudo oratorem circumstat. 14. Stipendium militibus non est datum. 15. Stipendium militibus dabo. 16. Cave ne seditio inter milites oriatur. 17. Perstaturusno es in sententiâ tuâ ? 18. Nescio ¡erstaturus ne sim in sententiâ meâ,

EXERCISE 127.-LATIN-ENGLISH.

which is the essence of true gentlemanliness. Manifestly there are dangers in this, as in every other aspect of life and duty. We can easily understand in physics how too much of sweets nauseate instead of pleasing the palate, and so in morals we can quite well understand that there is a danger lest courtesy should merge into a ridiculous and empty excess of mannerism. There are rocks on either hand here as elsewhere, but there are wide seas between in which we may safely steer our vessels; and if we are to be affrighted from one position because of its possible excesses, we had better confess at once our inability to steer between extremes. The danger of excess in this respect is not one-hundredth part so great as the danger of neglect. We are liable each day to be "put out" by so many things-to have the angry spirit, the grumbling spirit, the discontented

1. Nothing hinders to prevent our doing that which pleases us most. spirit awakened in us—that it requires a marvellous amount of 2. I will not oppose to prevent his reading everything. 3. Death does not deter a good man from consulting the welfare of the republic. They may interrupt me to prevent my being honoured, provided hey do not interrupt to prevent the republic from being well managed by me. 5. No pretext appeared sufficient to excuse any citizen from being present. 6. He surrounded the bed with a broad ditch. 7. He urrounds the enemies' camp with his army. 8. He surrounds himself with soldiers. 9. He will put his arms round your neck. 10. He urrounded the city with a mound. 11. I will endeavour to go beyond

these limits with which I have surrounded myself. 12. He gave a distinguished character to the peace. 13. Patrons have invested him with this fame.

EXERCISE 128.-ENGLISH-LATIN.

1. Nihil impedit quominus puer bonus esse possis. 2. Famam tibi circumdabo. 3. Circumdabit mihi vestem. 4. Honorem sorori suæ Circumdedit. 5. Circumdate urbi ignes, quominus cives egredi non possint. 6. Quominus adsis, nulla excusatio justa est.

ESSAYS ON LIFE AND DUTY.-XVIII.

CIVILITY.

CIVILITY and courtesy, it is commonly said, are inexpensive, they cost nothing; and yet they are admitted on all hands to have very much to do with life's success. No observer of men can fail to see that these graces of manner exercise a charm over all, and that, when not carried into excess, so as to be ulsome and fawning, they are greatly appreciated by mankind in general. We seldom care to come much into contact with any one "surly as a bear," however efficient he may be in his profession, or however well supplied his department of trade inay be. Nor, indeed, does the sincerity of a man's character nake amends for the incivility of his speech. That, indeed, onght he to have done, but not to let the other remain undone. There is on some hands a foolish estimate of honesty which associates it with bluffness and hardness, as though these were its necessary attendants; but it is not so. The right discharge of some duties does not exonerate us from the fulfilment of others, and the duty is laid upon us all of being courteous, as well as of being honest and just.

Some nations teach us great lessons in this respect, and notably the French have obtained good repute as the most courteous nation upon earth. It were well if we possessed more, in the general mass of our countrymen, of that spirit of Courtesy which seems to be so sadly lacking sometimes in our public conveyances and in our public life.

Civility is a beautiful word, coming from the old Latin civilis, which means, relating to the community, or to the policy and government of the citizens and subjects of a state; thus reminding us in its root-idea of the fact, that we are members one of another, that mere individual care and selfishness is not civil, and that we are related to those around us in multitudes of ways. An uncivil man by his conduct says, "Your pleasure, your comfort of mind, is nothing to me. What care I whether you are happy or not?" But a civil man desires by his very conduct to see those around him in the enjoyment of the pleasant sense of satisfaction and good-will.

Thus it happens that civil comes, in its secondary sense, to mean gentle, obliging, well-bred, affable, kind; and-let this e a satisfaction to citizens-it means, having the habits of a city. This surely is one of the greatest compliments that can be paid to those who have to endure a city's smoke and noise, that they are supposed to be especially civil. Certainly it is a sign of good breeding to be civil. It manifests that delicate and instinctive appreciation of the feelings of others

energy not to put this essence of unpleasantness into our mannerism towards others. Who has not felt it to be a great wrong that he should suffer Smith's snappishness, because in the morning Brown happened to be cross with Smith? It is difficult indeed to rid ourselves of the feelings of the hour; but if we all tried to be civil and courteous to each other, in court, and camp, and shop, in street, at home, and abroad, we should cure the evil at a stroke; and just in proportion as we personally cultivate a courteous spirit, do we diminish the discomfort of the world.

Civility to all is our duty, but to the aged it is especially so. Their nerves are more worn with life's long duty, their natures are less easily borne up with earth's future prospects, and they feel most deeply all incivilities and discourtesies. It has been the honourable and distinguishing mark of some nations that they have paid especial attention to age; and nothing is more distressing than to be dealt with discourteously when life's evening comes. It is like roughly hinting, "You are in the way; you are not wanted here!" Civility to all is, of course, our common duty, but there is one more specialty, and that is to the gentler sex. Nothing marks a man as a selfish and illbred man more than inattentiveness and discourtesy to women. Whether it be in a house, a church, a train, or a public assemblage, their wants should be first consulted, and he writes himself down a boor who shows to them none of that deference which all civilised nations have long felt it to be their honour to pay to women.

Incivility has not only often lost many a customer, but has, through that one loss, suffered the further injury, that others. have been kept by the reported discourtesy from the establishment. In the end, like crime, all incivility is its own Nemesis. Nor should it be forgotten that a foolish pride is often at the bottom of discourtesy. It arises, perchance, from some "Who are you ?" sort of feeling, and thus working its way into the speech, he becomes discourteous who at first was at heart selfconceited and proud. In every act of courtesy there is an acknowledgment of the claims of others-their claims on our attention and respect-and so far there is virtue in the thing itself. It is very easy to speak of it as a dancing-master accomplishment, and to sncer at it as though it belonged only to pseudo-refinement. Any study of the essence of words shows us that courtesy and civility comprehend in themselves the relations we sustain to others; and those relations are not only those of buying and selling, with all other commercial aspects of the case-they are social and moral as well, and include the general happiness and the common weal. Thus it is that civility relates to our acting well the part assigned us as citizens-living not as isolated beings, indulging selfish tastes, and looking only at ourselves, but as those who feel themselves to be part of the great commonwealth of human interests and hopes, and as such desirous to minister, by courtesy and civility, to the peace and joy of those around us in the world.

LESSONS IN ALGEBRA.-XIII.
DIVISION OF FRACTIONS.

147. To DIVIDE a fraction by a fraction.

Invert the divisor, and then proceed as in multiplication of fractions.

To invert a fraction, is to turn it upside down, or to make the numerator the denominator, and the denominator tho numerator.

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11. The ten miles which

but the object acted upon. In this case the infinitive is gene- favour (en faveur) of the architect. rally rendered in English by the passive voice: he has run have fatigued him. 12. Have your sisters injured 14. Did my Les chansons que j'ai entendu The songs whish I heard (being) each other? 13. They have flattered themselves. 15. There came three of your friends present themselves? sisters. 16. What did they imagine? 17. She conceived the 6. When the direct regimen preceding a participle is not the idea of reading Tasso (Le Tasse). 18. Have you seen them (m.) object of this participle, but of a verb following :

chanter,

sung.

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steal my apples? 19. I saw them steal your peaches. 20. Have you heard them (f.) sing? 21. I have heard them sing. 22. The songs which I heard sung are not new. 23. I found in your

7. The participle of faire, fait, followed by an infinitive, is room the books which I had forbidden you to take. 24. The always invariable:

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Elles nous ont donné de bons conseils.

Elles nous en ont donné.

Les trois lieues qu'il a couru.

Les années que ces édifices ont duré.

La belle journée qu'il a fait hier!

They have given us good advice.

They have given us some.
The three leagues which he ran.
The years that those edifices have
lasted.

peaches which I have forbidden you to eat are not ripe (mûres). 25. Have you seen those soldiers ? 26. I saw them pass last week. 27. I saw them carried to the hospital (à l'hôpital) this morning. 28. Have you brought oranges from France ? 29. I brought some. 30. The oranges which I brought from it (en) Have you brought silk goods?

are good. 31. brought some.

33. I have brought none.

32. I have

KEY TO EXERCISES IN LESSONS IN FRENCH.
EXERCISE 147 (Vol. II., page 387).

1. Why do you not cease reading? 2. I should be wrong to cease reading before knowing my lesson. 3. Have you forbidden your

What a beautiful day it was yester-gardener to water those flowers? 4. On the contrary, I had ordered

day!

C'est la plus belle fête qu'il y ait It is the finest feast that there has

eu.

Il s'est présenté deux de vos amis. Ces demoiselles se sont nui.

Les Asiatiques se sont fait une espèce d'art de l'éducation de l'éléphant.

Elle s'est imaginé l'idée de pouvoir

réussir.

Les fruits que j'ai va voler.

been.

There came two of your friends. Those young ladies have injured one another.

The Asiatics have made the education of the elephant a kind of art.

him to water them. 5. Why has he neglected doing it? 6. Because
he has forgotten to bring the watering-pot. 7. What does Mr. F. wish
to do? 8. He longs to continue the study of medicine.
9. Are you
not wrong to visit that gentleman? 10. I should be wrong to neglect
it. 11. Have you not refused to render that service to your enemy?
12. I should have been wrong to refuse rendering it to him. 13. What

conveyance have you advised us to take ? 14. I have advised you to take the steamboat. 15. Have you threatened to strike that child? 16. I have threatened to correct him. 17. Have you refused to sell She conceived the idea that she might goods to my brother? 18. I have refused to sell them to him on

succeed.

The fruits which I saw being stolen.

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1. Quelle auberge vous a-t-on recommandée? 2. On m'a recommandé l'auberge du Lion-d'Or. 3. Quelles nouvelles avez-vous apportées ? 4. J'ai apporté des nouvelles agréables. 5. Vos voisines sont-elles habillées ? 6. Elles ne sont pas encore habillées. 7. Ont-elles bien dormi la nuit dernière ? 8. Elles n'ont pas bien dormi. 9. Quand sont-elles arrivées ? 10. Elles sont arrivées à quatre heures et demie. 11. Ont-elles dormi plus de cinq heures? 12. Les six heures qu'elles ont dormi leur ont fait beaucoup de bien. 13. Vos sœurs se sontelles amusées ? 14. En jouant, elles se sont fait mal au bras. 15. Se sont-elles raconté notre conversation? 16. Elles se la sont racontée. 17. Vos amies ont-elles disparni 18. Elles n'ont pas disparu; elles sont revenues chez elles. 19. Les soldats que vous avez vus partir, sont-ils revenus? 20. Ils sont morts; je les ai vu enterrer. 21. Ne les avez-vous pas fait 22. Je les ai fait lire. 23. Avez-vous apporté des Boieries ? 24. Je n'en ai pas apporté. 25. Les soieries que j'en ai apportées sont superbes.

étudier ?

EXERCISE 192.

1. Have you not recommended my nieces? 2. I have recommended them. 3. Have you brought me good oranges? 4. I have brought you some. 5. Have you given any to my two daughters? 6. I have given them some. 7. I would have given them some, if I had had many. 8. Have you not neglected your studies ? 9. I have not neglected them; I never neglect them. 10. The years which that church has lasted speak in

credit. 19. Have you told my son to repair to my house? 20. I begged him to go straight there. 21. Do you propose coming Christmas Eve? 22. We propose to come the next day. 23. Does your companion propose to keep silent? 24. He proposes to impart it to every one.

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY.-XVI.

GASTEROPODA.

THE classes of the Mollusca hitherto described have been passive in their habits and methods of feeding. We have seen that, for the most part, they are fixed or moved about at the mercy of the waves. Even when locomotive, locomotion is with them rather for the purpose of change of place than for definite progression. They are not pursuers of other animals, nor do they graze on the copious vegetation of the ocean, but they are dependent on what the current, which their cilia create, brings them for nutriment. With them the obtaining of fresh water for breathing and food for nutriment is one and the same act. In conformity with their habits they are almost devoid of organs of sense, and wholly without instruments for seizing prey. They have, it is true, a double nerve-knot above the mouth, but this, though in the position of a brain, can hardly be said to have the function of perception which we usually associate with the brain. Two other pairs of nerveknots generally communicate with this, and they are often much larger than it. One of them has the two halves which compose the pair more or less removed from one another, each lying at the point of junction of the mantle and gills on its own side, and sending nerves to these organs. The other double knot lies in the foot, and is more or less developed according as the foot is large, small, or rudimentary. These three double nerve-knots are called respectively the cephalic (head), parieto-splanchnic (mantle and visceral), and pedal (foot) ganglia. In the case of the pecten, fringes of feelers and of eye-spots run round the mantle, and these imperfect and perhaps questionable organs of sense are supplied from the parieto-splanchnic ganglia; and this pair of ganglia no doubt represent the only nerve-knot which exists in the Tunicata and Polyzoa. In their case, also, it supplies nerves to the tentacles and other organs of sense which they possess. This pair of ganglia may therefore be considered to be the seat of perception rather than the cephalic. Another of the functions of the brain, however, may be assumed to belong to the cephalic pair of ganglia, and that is the function of volition. All the other

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of the conchifer, partly because we had not space for it in our last lesson, and partly to indicate the contrast which it presents to that of the gasteropods or headed molluscs. In these, though the nervous system no doubt consists of the same elements, they are more closely as sociated; and the ganglia, situated over the throat, behind the cavity of the mouth, are in direct communication with the organs of sense; and this is the same arrangement as is found both in verte

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gan, which is so constantly found, though so variously developed, in the different members of this class. We found the foot in the Conchifera to be an organ which, in some, secreted the byssus or anchor-cable, in others bored holes, and yet in others accomplished jerky movements of the body. In the

I.

PULMOGASTEROPODA.-I. ARION (THE BLACK SLUG).

II.

12

teropods; but in function, of course, the foot of the gasteropods is much more like a foot than the same organ in the lower class. Usually the foot is a muscular, elongated sheet, broader and longer than the body of the animal, and acts at the same time as the wall of the body and the means of propelling it along. The whole rim of the foot all the way round is usually thickened, and can be closely applied to a smooth surface, while the central parts can be thrown in wrinkles. Thus the whole acts as a kind of sucker or holdfast, while all the middle parts, being alternately applied to the ground and dragged over it, effect a movement in which the whole animal participates. If the reader allows a slug to crawl up a pane of glass, and looks at it through the transparent medium, he will see successive waves moving all along the foot, showing that, while a series of points are fixed, the parts in between are moving, and the moving parts then become fixed, allowing the previously fixed parts to be pushed or pulled along by the contraction of the muscles embedded in the skin. Such a mode of progression, which may be called piecemeal, is,

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II. AGATHINA MAURITANICA. III. CYCLOSTOMA
ELEGANS. IV. DIAGRAM OF THE CIRCULATION IN A SNAIL.
Refs. to Nos. in Figs.-I. 1, orifice of lung-chamber; 2, anus. II. 1, throat; 2, stomach; 3,
intestines; 4, anus; 5, liver; 6, 6, pulmonary diaphragm; 7, main vein; 8, chamber surrounding
the heart; 9, auricle (receiver); 10, ventricle (distributor); 11, kidney; 12, generative organs.
(N.B. In this diagram the shell has been removed and the skin cut along the back and opened;
the floor of the lung also is thrown aside.) III. 1, operculum. IV. 1, lung vein; 2, auricle;
3, ventricle; 4, main artery; 5, liver artery; 6, foot artery; 7, stomach artery; 8, buccal
cavity; 9, salivary gland.

swan-mussel of our rivers this instrument is applied to more regular and definite locomotion, and with the foot they may be seen ploughing their way through the soft mud which falls to the bottom of the stream. In their case, however, the foot is a rounded organ, and at its end is something like the human tongue, both in shape and structure. In the gasteropods, or belly-walkers, the foot is a flat broad surface placed along the under side of the body, by means of which the animal can crawl over solid bodies. In some of the conchifers the shape of the foot is much more like that of the human foot than in any of the gas

of course, very slow, but it is sure; and how should an animal without limbs move over a solid surface otherwise? Associated with this

power of definite locomotion, slow as it is, the whole organism is modified.

Let us suppose that a Lamellibranch had the under part of its foot flattened into a broad muscular sheet, capable, not of pushing through soft mud, but of gliding over smooth rock; how could it make use of its new power of locomotion? It would, in the first place, be hampered with two immense shields, which, being ample enough to close upon its whole body, would certainly have their edges dragged over and ground upon the rock over which it passed, and thus wrenched about in relation to one another and to the soft parts of the animal united to them. Then its large sheets of unprotected membrane, called gills,

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