standing in the way towards Tyre, a city very famous for the excellent wine growing near it: of which Sidonius; Vina mihi non sunt Gazetica, Chia, Falerna, Quæque Sareptano palmite missa bibas. I have no wine of Gaza, nor Falerna wine, This city had also a bishop of the diocese of Tyre, after it came to the Saracens and Turks, as the rest, and is now called Saphet, saith Postellus. Not far from Sarepta was situate that sometime famous city of Tyre, whose fleets of ships commanded and gave the law over all the Mediterranean sea and the borders thereof; during which time of greatness and power the Tyrians erected Utica, Leptis, and Carthage in Africa; of which Virgil: b Urbs antiqua fuit Tyrii tenuere coloni, Carthago. And Carthage was therefore called Punica quasi Phœnicum, a colony of the Phoenicians. In Spain they founded Gades, now Cadiz; in Italy, Nola; in Asia the Less, Dromos Achillis; which city the d scholiast of Apollonius placeth near the river Phyllis in Bithynia. It had anciently the name of Zor, or Tzor, and so it is written in Joshua xix. taking name from the situation, because built on a high rock, sharp at one end. The Latins, as it seems, knew it by the name of Sarra; fore Virgil calleth the purple of Tyre ostrum Sarranum, by which name Juvenal and Silius remember it. The Zidonians built it upon a high hill, whereof many ruins remain to this day, the place being still known by the name of the ancient Tyre: and because it was a colony of the Zidonians, the prophet Isaiah xxiii. calleth it the daughter of Zidon; which Trogus also confirmeth, though Berosus, by affinity of name, makes Thiras, the son of Japhet, to be the parent thereof; and though no doubt it was very ancient, (for so much the prophet Isaiah xxiii. also witnesseth, Is not this your glorious city, whose antiquity is of ancient days?) yet, that Thiras, the son of Japhet, set himself in the bosom of the CanaanMarcellin. 1. 22. Gellius, 1. 4. c. 6. b Virgil. 1. 1. Plin. 1. 5. c. 19. ites who built Zidon, and peopled all that region, I see nothing to persuade me. But that new Tyre, in after-times so renowned, seemeth to be the work of Agenor; and of this opinion was f Curtius: and Josephus and Eusebius make this city elder than Solomon's temple 240 years; Cedrenus 361, who also addeth that Tyrus, the wife of Agenor, gave it her name: but of Agenor I will speak more at large in the story of their kings. For strength, and for the commodity of the harbour, and the better to receive trade from all places, it was in this new erection founded in an island 700 paces from the continent; and therefore 8 Ezekiel placeth it in the midst of the sea, as some read; or as others, in the innermost part of the sea; whence he calleth it, situate at the entry of the sea; as also the same prophet calleth it, the mart of the people for many isles; and Isaiah xxiii. 3. a mart of the nations. And so proud, wealthy, and magnificent was this city, as the prophet Isaiah, xxxiv. 12. calleth the merchants thereof princes, and their chapmen the nobles of the world. It excelled both in learning and in manufacture, especially in the making and dyeing of purple and scarlet cloth; which, saith Julius Pollux, was first found out by Hercules's dog, who passing along the sea-coast, and eating of the fish conchilis, or purpura, the hair of his lips became of that colour. It worshipped the same idols that Zidon did, saving that Hercules became their patron in after-times. For Alexander Macedon, when the Tyrians presented him with a crown of gold and other gifts, desiring to remain his friends and allies, answered them, that he had vowed a sacrifice to Hercules, the defender of their city and the ancestor of the Macedonian kings, and must therefore enter it. Whereupon they sent him word, that Hercules's temple was in the mountain of old Tyre, where he might perform that ceremony. But this availed not; for Alexander was not so superstitious as ambitious; he desired to enter the f Justin. 1. 18. Curt. 1. 4. Euseb. in 8 Ezek. xxviii. 2. and xxvii. 3. Chron.Joseph.Ant.1.8.c.2.Cedren.p.17. town, which being denied, he, as one whom no peril could fear, nor labour weary, gathered together as many ships as he could, and brought from Libanus so great a number of cedars, and so many weighty stones from the old city of Tyre adjoining, as notwithstanding that his materials were often washed away with the strength of the sea and the tides, yet he never rested, till he had made a foot passage from the continent to the island: and having once approached their walls, he overtopped them with turrets of wood, and other frames; from whence (having filled the body of force with the violent moving spirit of resolution) he became lord thereof, putting all to the sword that resisted; after which, he caused 2000 more to be hung up in a rank all along the sea-shore; which execution in cold. blood he performed (as some authors affirm) upon the is sues of those slaves which had formerly slain all their masters, taking their wives, children, riches, and power of government to themselves. This victory of Alexander over the Tyrians h Josephus remembereth; and how Sanaballat revolted from Darius, and came to Alexander with 8000 soldiers; who was the last satrapa, or provincial governor, which Darius seated in Samaria; the same who, having married his daughter to Manasseh, brother to Jaddus the high priest of Jerusalem, obtained of Alexander that a temple might be built on the mountain Garizim, over Samaria; that the forces of the Jews being divided, Alexander might the better hold them in obedience. The honour of which priesthood he bestowed on his son-in-law Manasseh, whom the Jews oppugned, for that he had married out of their tribes, and with a Gentile: but while Alexander besieged Gaza, Sanaballat, whom i Guil. Tyrius calleth Sanabula, died. Long before this desolation of Tyre, by the cruelty of Alexander, it was attempted by Salmanassar the Assyrian king, when the growing pride of the Assyrians, after that they had conquered the ten tribes, with the rest of Syria, became envious of the beauty, riches, and power of that city. h Joseph. Ant. Jud. 1. 11. c. 8. i De Bell. Sac. 1. 13. c. 4. He besieged it both on the land side, and with threescore ships of war held the port, to the end that neither any victuals nor any supply of men might enter it; but the Tyrians with twelve sail scattered that fleet, and took five hundred prisoners of the Assyrians: notwithstanding, the Assyrian continued his resolution, and lay before it by his lieutenants five years, but with ill success. And this siege Menander Ephesius, cited by Josephus, made report of in his Chronicles, as he found the story among the annals of the Tyrians, (which the said Menander converted into Greek,) adding, that Elulæus, whom Tyrius calleth Helisæus, was then king of Tyre, having governed the same six and twenty years. Soon after this repulse of Salmanassar, and about 200 years before the victory of Alexander, Nabuchodonosor, at such time as he destroyed Jerusalem with the temple, came before this city; who indeed gave to Alexander the example of that despairful work of joining it to the continent. For Nabuchodonosor had formerly done it; though by the diligence of the citizens, and the strength of the sea, the same causey and passage was again broken down and demolished. Against Nabuchodonosor for many years the Tyrians defended themselves; for so long did these Babylonians continue before it, as every head was made bald, and every shoulder made bare, saith Ezekiel, xxix. 18. who, with the prophet Isaiah, chap. xxiii. &c. had manifestly foretold the destruction of this proud place. In the end, and after thirteen years siege or more, the Tyrians, despoiled of all their hopes, and remembering over-late the predictions and threatenings of God's prophets, having prepared a convenient number of ships, abandoned their city, transporting with themselves the ablest of all that remained, and with their wives, children, and portable riches, sailed thence into Cyprus, Carthage, and other maritimate cities of their tributaries or confederates; so as the Babylonians finding nothing therein, either to satisfy so many labours and perils, or any k Joseph. Ant. 1. 9. c. 14. Et cont. Ap. 1. Guil. Tyrius, de Bell. Sac. 13. 4. Joseph. Ant. 1. 9. c. 15. person upon whom to avenge themselves for the loss of so many bodies in that war, it pleased God, in recompense thereof, (who strengthened this resolution, as in a work of his own,) to make Nabuchodonosor victorious over the 1 Egyptians, and gave him that kingdom, and the spoil thereof, as it were in wages for his army. Whereupon St. Jerome noteth, that God leaveth not the good deeds of the heathen unrewarded; who though they cannot hope by any laudable worldly action to attain unto that eternal happiness reserved for his servants and saints, yet such is the boundless goodness of God, as he often repayeth them with many worldly gifts and temporal blessings. Now of this enterprise of Nabuchodonosor against Tyre profane historians have not been silent. For both Diocles and Philostratus, (as m Josephus citeth them,) the one in his second book, the other in his Phoenician histories, remember it. After these two great vastations by the kings of Babylon and Macedon, this city of Tyre repaired and recovered itself again, and continued in great glory about 300 years, even to the coming of our Saviour Christ, and after him flourished in the Christian faith near 600 years; the archbishop whereof gave place to none but to the patriarch of Jerusa→ lem only, who within his own diocese had fourteen great cities, with their bishops and suffragans, namely, n Caipha, otherwise Porphyria, Acon or Ptolomais, Sarepta, Zidon, Cæsarea Philippi, Berytus, Byblus, Botrys, Tripolis, Orthosia, Archis, Aradus, Antaradus, or Tortosa, and Maraclea. But in the year 636, it was, with the rest of that beautiful region of Phoenicia and Palestina, subjected to the cruel and faithless Saracen; under the burden and yoke of whose tyranny it suffered with the other Palestine cities 488 years. • In the year 1112, it was attempted by Baldwin king of Jerusalem, but in vain; yet in the year 1124, by Guaremonde, patriarch of Jerusalem, vicegerent to Baldwin II. with the assistance of the Venetians, and their fleet of gal |