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an expletive nature, that tended in a great degree to remove the abruptness of ancient composition, and to reconcile the ear to any requisite changes in the modulation. In this manner, the art advanced, receiving in its progress the additions and improvements of numberless composers. These are now, however, so closely amalgamated with its very existence, that it would be impossible, completely to separate and decompose them. Were it feasible to affix dates and authors to the first use of every one of these, and to reduce the body of music (if I may use the expression,) to its primary skeleton, we might ascertain, with the greatest precision, the progress and history of musical invention. But this would be rather curions, than useful. One advantage, however, it would carry with it, that we should be enabled to strip of their attractions a number of authors, whose works would then appear more glaringly than ever, a string of dried sentences, or a mass of well-concealed plagiarism, Great Marlow.

March 15 1807.

Your's &c.

A. R. E.

For the Monthly Magazine. NARRATIVE of a TOUR through BENGAL, BAHAR, and OUDE, to AGRA, DELHI, and other PLACES in the INTERIOR of HINDUSTAN, undertaken in the YEARS, 1794, 1795, 1796, and 1797.

FR

(Continued from p. 123.)

ROM Raaje Mahul to Baugilpore, the scene is enlivened, and the eye relieved, by the appearance of a range of lofty hills, on the south side of the river; but they lose much of their beauty by being thickly covered with jungle to the very summit, which in some measure hides the undulations that render mountain landscapes so peculiarly picturesque. These hills are inhabited by a singular race of people, totally different in person, manner, and language, from the inhabitants of the plains below; they are short in statue, seldom exceeding five feet four inches, and of a very dark colour, but muscular, lively, and active; they have no distinction of casts like the Hindus, but resemble in that respect the Pariahs of Coromandel; their civilization is of a late date; for several years after the English became sovereigns of the country, these mountaineers lived like Savages in the recesses of their hills and jungles, whence they used to sally like

wild beasts on the defenceless villagers. A strong corps of native infantry was stationed at Baugilpore, to repel their incursions, and to protect the ryots: but notwithstanding the vigilance of the Seapoys, stimulated by offers of reward from government, they were but seldom able to apprehend any of these desperate marauders; and to follow them through the trackless wilds of the jungle, would have been certain destruction. At length Mr. Cleveland was appointed Chief of Baugilpore, about the year 1778. This gentleman was by nature humane, mild, and conciliating; the manners and customs of the natives had been his particular study; and experience in his dealings with them, had taught him that a free and unreserved confidence, tended more to establish a friendly intercourse, than any other method; his benevolent and capacious mind embraced the idea of converting this lawless race of people into useful citizens, and establishing them as barriers against the attacks of the remoter and more ferocious tribes. With this philanthropic intention, he issued orders to the Seapoys, when next they took any of them prisoners, to use them kindly, and bring them to him; this with some difficulty was done, when Mr. Cleveland, instead of ordering them to be hung up, as had been the general custom, treated them with the greatest mildness and humanity, expressed his desire to be on terms of friendship with all their peo ple, and finally dismissed them with handsome presents, and a message to their chief, signifying his wish to have an interview with him, to treat about affairs that would tend to their mutual advantage; and to remove all cause of apprehension on their part, he proposed going amongst them into the remote and intricate recesses of their native hills, attended only by an interpreter. The astonished mountaineers, who expected nothing but death, regarded him as a being of a superior race, and departed with a promise of returning with the answer of their Rajah, which they did in a few days, bringing his assent to the proposed in terview. Mr. Cleveland accordingly proceeded, notwithstanding the earnest advice and remonstrances of his friends, a large party of whom accompanied him to the foot of the hills: he ascended with confidence, and was conducted by his guides through various turnings and windings, to the presence of the Rajah. After

* Peasants.

the

the usual introductory compliments, he opened the cause of his visit, and expatiated in a forcible manner on the advantages the mountaineers would derive from the friendship and protection of the English. The Rajah listened to him with attention, the language and manners of Mr. Cleveland: the confidence he reposed in trusting himself alone and unarmed amongst them, and above all, an ancient tradition which had been handed down from father to son, that they were to derive some great benefit from the visit and consequent friendship of a stranger, carried conviction to the mind of the Rajah, and induced him to enter into Mr. Cleveland's views, without further hesitation. That gentleman, taking advantage of the superstitious ideas the tradition had inspired them with, proposed immediately to cement their friendship by the solemn ties of religion. The Rajah, with all the ardour and joy semibarbarism feels in the expectation of possessing some new, and as yet unappreciated gift, summoned the priests to his presence, and without further delay ratified the treaty with all the solemnity and awe the most sacred rites of religion are capable of inspiring. Mr. Cleveland returned to Baugilpore, attended by several of the mountaineers, who becaine so attached to his person, that he formed them into a corps, which was soon aug mented by fresh recruits from the hills. Their fidelity and activity in protecting the villagers from the depredations of their Countrymen, became so conspicuous, that it was thought prudent by government to entrust them with firelocks, and discipline them in the European manner. The experiment succeeded admirably; applications for admittance into the corps became so numerous, that a battalion of one thousand men was soon formed, under the appellation of Hill Rangers; the Constant intercourse between these people and their brethren in the hills, brought about general habits of civilization and friendly intercourse; and at this day, scarcely thirty years from the first formation of the corps, the British government in India does not possess more peaceable and loyal subjects than the mountaineers of Baugilpore.

Statesmen and warriors, who study how to enslave and slaughter mankind, have their names handed down to posterity by the pens of historians, while the modest virtues and more essential services of such a man as Cleveland, unemblazoned with titles, and undecorated

with trophies, will sink into oblivion, amids: the civilized world, save in the memory of the humane philanthropist, who can duly appreciate the value of his labours in converting a lawless race of savages into useful and peaceable citizens, without the effusion of blood, by the mild but certain method of reciprocal benefit.

Raaje Mabul is in Bengal, but Baugilpore is in the province of Bahar; the distance of one from the other, is about fifty miles by land, and seventy miles by water. About sixteen miles from the former place, is the celebrated pass of Sickry Gully, which, with Tiria Gully, twelve miles further, form the western boundary of Bengal. The road from the upper provinces to Calcutta, leads through these passes, which were formerly strongly fortified, and deemed by the natives to be imprégnable; but since the British government has been so firmly established in India, they have been dismantled and suffered to decay; some of the arches of the gateways are yet standing, and an old cannon, formed of iron bars, hooped round, still remains, but buried under a heap of rubbish. The situation of these passes, in the sequestered bosom of a range of hills, covered with forest trees and underwood, which extends to the edge of the river, is extremely romantic; the ancient and dilapidated state of the building, the solemn stillness that prevails, and the rude and rugged appearance of the scene, inspire an awe not untinctured with fear and apprehension. Murders were formerly very frequent here; and it became proverbial in the neighbouring districts, that the life of a man who was obliged to travel through the Sickry Gully pass, was not worth á day's purchase. There certainly never was a situation better calculated for scenes of villainy, than the road between the two passes; for the space of ten or twelve miles, not a vestige of a human being was to be seen; the voice of distress would have been lost in the hollow murmurs of the forest, and the sanguinary Thug might have destroyed and plun dered his victim, without any apprehension of being interrupted. But the danger is now comparatively trifling; the active benevolence of Mr. Cleveland, caused a village to be erected in the very bosom of the pass, which he peopled with an industrious set of Bunneals and

* A rubber who first assassinates and then plunders his victim.

Gwalcalis;

Gwaleahs; it has since been considerably increased, and tends greatly to the se curity of travellers.

I cannot pass the boundaries of Bengal, without making a few observations on the inhabitants. I may perhaps be accused of prejudice by those who have formed their opinions of them from books, written by the fire-side in England, or from the warm eulogiums on their virtue and innocence, so repeatedly made during Mr. Hastings's trial; but such as from observation, local knowledge, and extensive dealings with the innocent natives of Bengal, are the most competent judges of the justness of my observations, will, I think, generally allow that the picture is not over-charged.

The Hindus, if not the aborigines of the country, have certainly inhabited it from a very remote period of antiquity, and compose at this day full nine-tenths of its population, which the lowest calculation estimates at sixteen millions. They are in general weak and effeminate; the rice and vegetables on which they principally subsist, give a delicacy and suppleness to their frames, which admir ably adapts them for the easy labours of the loom, but render them very unfit for the purposes of war. Nature and education seem to have joined in making them effeminate, timid, and patient; polite, crafty, and deceitful. A Hindu, when transported with passion, vents his rage in a truly feminine manner; the tropes and figures of a Billingsgate nymph, would appear courtly language, when compared with the foul and obscene reproaches that issue from his lips; but he is quickly silenced if a disposition appears of resenting his insolence by force. He is totally devoid of all sentiments of active humanity to his fellowCreatures, but remarkable for his tenderness to animals of every description. This however does not proceed from any principle of compassion, but from superstitious motives arising from his belief in the Pythagorean system of transmigra tion: their want of humanity to their own fellow-creatures, frequently amounts to passive cruelty; for they will pass by a man with the greatest indifference who has just fallen into a fit before their faces, or is perishing through the extremity of want, without the least attempt to assist his distress. They affect to be very charitable, but real charity occupies no part of their cold bosoms; their do

nations are confined to their priests, and to those holy impostors who, under the appellations of Sunassies, Burraghees, and Jogees, impose on their credulity through the terrors of superstition. When the European inhabitants of Calcutta set on foot a subscription towards erecting and endowing an hospital for the relief of the sick and indigent natives, the Hindus, among whom are some of the wealthiest individuals in the world, were very backward indeed in their contributions; and the few who did subscribe from motives of shaine, on being urged and ridiculed by their European con nections, did it in so pitiful a manner, that it was a matter of surprize their donations were accepted. Their conduct on this, as well as on many other occasions, placed the humanity of the British inhabitants in a more conspicuous point of view: this they themselves acknowledge, and profess the highest veneration and respect for the nobler feelings by which we are actuated; but the example is too bright for them to follow, and meek-eyed charity too liberal an inmate to find room in their sordid bosoms; they are fonder of imitating the follies of Europeans, than their virtues. Near the seat of government they affect the same freedom of behaviour; but it descends into rudeness and licentiousness, without the generosity and independence of spirit. They are mora eager in the pursuit of wealth than an European, but in the acquirement, they neither possess his activity nor his honesty. Their ideas of meuin and tuum are very lax, consequently they are not very delicate in the means they make use of to increase their riches; they seem to have no sense of the moral turpitude of the action, and if they avoid detection, they avoid disgrace. Previous to my arrival in India, I had heard and read so much of the innocent and oppressed natives, that I was prepared to behold a virtuous race of people, sinking under the cruelties of foreign invaders, and appealing in vain to British justice, and British laws; but a residence of sixteen years amongst them, enabled me to develope the fallacy of such reports, and to observe the ease, comfort, and security, which they derive from the protecting influence of the British government, when compared with those who reside under the dominion of their own princes.

(To be continued.)

MEMOIRS AND REMAINS OF EMINENT PERSONS.

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MEMOIR OF RICHARD GOUGH, The gift was so acceptable to the king, Esq. OF ENFIELD.

that an offer of knighthood was made to [To the account of his Family, which Mr. Mr. Gough; but this loyal subject, having

Gough himself communicated to Mr. no other view than to serve his sovercign, StebbingShaw, for the History of Stafford- declined this honour, which was afterwards shire, we are in part indebted for the ma- conferred on his grandson, llenry of Perterials of this little Menoir.

ryhall, when he was introduced at the court mainder has been communicated by a of Charles II: and had mention made of literary friend.)

the loyalty of his ancestors. VHE family from which Mr. Gough sumed these services were not forgotten

descended, the Gouglis of Wales, in the reign of Queen Anne, as Sir extend their line no further back than the Henry obtained for two of his sons, time of Henry IV. though others of the while very young, the places of page to name, and connected with the family, oc- the Queen and Duke of Gloucester. cur as early as the reign of Henry I. Mr. Gough's father was Harry Gough,

Sir Matthew Gough, with whose father, Esq. fifth son of Sir Harry Gough, of Per. Innerth or John, the pedigree begins, ha- ry-hall, and was born April 2, 1681. ving passed the prime of his life in the When only eleven years

of
age,

he went French wars of Henry V. and VI. finished with Sir Richard Gough, his uncle, to it in Cade's rebellion, fighting on the part China, kept all his accounts, and was of the citizens, in July 1450, at the battle called by the Chinese Ami whang, or the of London-bridge. Nor is this the only in- white-haired boy. In 1707 he commanded stance where Mr. Gough's ancestors were the ship Streatham, in which he contihighly distinguished for their loyalty. nued eight years, and with equal ability

The unfortunate Charles I. during his and integrity acquired a decent competroubles, stopt at Wolverhampton, where tency, the result of many hardships and he was entertained by Madam St. Andrew, voyages in the service of the East India who was either sister or aunt to Mr. Company, to which his whole life was deHenryGough, and that gentleman ventur- voted while he presided among their died to accommodate their Royal Highnes- rectors, being elected one in 1731, if not ses Charles Prince of Wales and James

From 1734 to his death, which Duke of York. An antient tenement still happened July 13, 1751, he represented remains at Wolverhampton, where these in parliament the borough of Bramber, in princely guests resided. A subscription Sussex, and enjoyed the confidence of Sir being set on foot to aid the exigencies of Robert Walpole : whose measures he so the royal cause, the inhabitants cheerfully firmly supported, as not only to hurt his contributed accordiug to their ability; but health by attendance on the long and late the most ample supply was expected from debates during the opposition to that miMr. Gough, whose loyalty was as eminent nister, but was often known to attend the as his fortune was superior, when, to the house with a fit of the gout coming on. great surprise and disappointinent of every His son Richard, the subject of our meone, he refused any assistance, though moir, was born October 21, 1735, in a strongly urged by the king's commission- large house in Winchester-street, London, ers, who retired in disgust and chagrin. on a site peculiarly calculated for the birth When night approached, putting on his of an antiquary, that of the monastery of hat and cloak, Mr. Gough went secretly Augustine-friars, founded by Humphrey de and solicited a private audience of his ma- Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Essex, in jesty. This appearing an extraordinary 1253. At the time of the dissolution, the request, the dangerous circumstances of house, cloister and garden of the Augusthe times considered, the lord in waiting tines were granted by the crown to Wil. wished to know the object of the request, liam Lord St. John, afterwards Marquis of with an offer to cominunicate it to the Winchester, who built a magnificent house king. Mr. Gough persisted in rejecting upon the very spot, part of which remains, this offer, and much interogation obtained the rest is occupied by later dwellings, and admission to the royal presence. He then among them stands the house alluded to. drew from his cloak a purse, containing a Mr. Gough's parents were dissenters, large sum of money, and presenting it with and their son received the first rudiments due respect, said, “ May it please your of Latin at home, under the tuition of a majesty to accept this; it is all the cash ! Mr. Barnewitz, a Courlander, who taught have by me, or I would have brought more.” at the same time the sons of several emi

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nent merchants in the city; on his death Mr. Gough was committed to the instruction of the Rev. Roger Pickering, one of the most learned, most imprudent, and most illtreated of the dissenting ministers of his time. On his death, May 18, 1755, Mr. Gough finished his Greek studies under Mr. Samuel Dyer, the friend and literary contemporary of Johnson.

whether in print or manuscript. This work was improved in two volumes of the same size, 1780, and has been since augmented to a third, the progress of which through the press was interrupted by the fire at Mr. Nichols's.

The year before, February 26, 1767, he was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and drew up their History prefixed to the first volume of the Archæologia, in 1770. In 1771, by the partiality of the president, Dr. Milles, Dean of Exeter, he was, on the death of Dr. Gre

nated Director, which office he held till December 12, 1797, when, for reasons which the society can best explain, he quitted it altogether. He was chosen FR S. 1775, but quitted that society in 1795. The publication of the Archeologia he superintended for many years; and in the different volumes, till 1796, are various articles drawn up or communicated by him; his last paper we believe was

After his father's death, in July 1752, he was admitted fellow-commoner of Benet College, Cambridge, where his relations, Sir Henry Gough and his brother John, had before studied under Dr. Maw-gory Sharpe, master of the Temple, nomi son, afterwards Bishop of Chichester and Ely. Benet had peculiar attractions for a mind like Mr. Gough's; it had not only trained the great Parker to revive the study of antiquity, and received from him a rich donation of curious and ancient manuscripts; but had educated Stukeley, to trace our antiquities to their remotest origin. The college tutor in 1752 was Dr. John Barnardiston, afterwards master. His private tutor was Mr. John Cott, fel-read at the Society of Antiquaries, Janulow of the house, who died at his Rectory of Broxted, Essex, in 1781. Under the private tuition of the three excellent schoJars beforementioned, he early imbibed a taste for classical literature; and it is not to be wondered that his connexion with a college, eminent for producing a succession of British antiquaries, inspired him with a strong propensity to the study of our national antiquities. Here was first planned the British Topography, and heuce, in 1756, he made his first visit to Croyland Abbey, whence his career of antiquarian pursuits literally began. From Cambridge he made his first excursions, and continued these pursuits every year to various parts of the kingdom, taking notes, which on his return were digested into form.

In 1768 Mr. Gough published the "Anecdotes of British Topography" in a sin gle quarto volume. At this time the love of topographical research was daily increasing; and the outline it contained, of a history of the progress of topographical enquires in Great Britain and Ireland, gave new life to the pursuit. The first compiler of a work like this was John Bagford, who furnished Bishop Gibson with the list prefixed to his edition of the Britannia. Bishop Nicholson's Historical Libraries, and Dr. Rawlinson's English Topogra pher, had of course become greatly imperfect, and Mr. Gough's work not only informed the curious what lights had from time to time been thrown on our topographical antiquities, but enumerated most of the materials which had been collected, MONTHLY MAG. No. 189.

ary 26, 1792, "On the Analogy between certain ancient Monuments," and published in the eleventh volume of the Ar chæologia, 1794. Besides which, the different communications in the two latter volumes of the society's "Vetusta Monumenta," to which his signatures are annexed, prove him to have been for years the most useful and laborious member it could boast. One of the principal articles in the last volume, 1796, is Mr. Gough's Account of the great loss our national history sustained by the destruction of Lord Montague's house at Cowdray, in Sussex.

In 1767 he opened a correspondence, mostly under the signature of D. II. in the Gentleman's Magazine; though not without assuming some others: and on the death of his fellow collegian, Mr. Duncombe, in 1786, he occasionally communicated reviews of literary publications, to that valuable miscellany, in which, to use his own expressions, if he criticised with warmth and severity certain innovations in church and state, he wrote his sentiments with sincerity and impartiality, in the fulness of a heart deeply impressed with a sense of the excellence and happi ness of the English constitution both in church and state.

In 1772, Mr. Gough edited Perlin's "Description des Royaulmes d'Angleterre et d'Escosse," with De la Serres "Histoire de l'Entrée de la Reine Mere du Roy tres chrestien dens la Grande Bretagne,"in a thin volume, quarto.

In 1778 he formed the design of a new M m edition

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