For the Monthly Magazine. TO HER WHO BEST WILL UNDERSTAND. It was a dream, yet did it seem not so; among. "Lo! as the morning broke of those bright eyes, Of love, of life, of light, the radiant throne, High beat the pulses of this captive heart, Which fate, and even habit, mark thine own. The sight alone of pity in those orbs, beam'd; Gave birth, O Heaven! to more than idle fears, I doubted if awake I was, or dream'd. "What sounds I heard! and what kind names were mine! Thou dear one, from those lips which breathe of fire, What tender meanings in those eyes I read ! Which tremble as they gaze with soft desire." What added brilliance pity can bestow! Oh! if 'twere possible that you could see, How in their firmament, like stars, they shine, O never, Phillis, wouldst thou cruel be, "Repeat I cannot, what I then did say, Or what my bold, presumptuous hopes express'd; This much I know, on that dear iv'ry hand A thousand ardent kisses I impress'd. "Bright as the tints of morn, a rising blush Thy fascinating features seem'd to wear, When lo! the rustling of a neighb'ring bush Some instant danger både me to beware. "Sudden I turn, when curs'd Philino's form, His rival form, half-hidden, I descry, Who, pale with envy of my happier stars, Regards my am'rous thefts with evil eye. "Inflam'd I grew, with anger, with surprise, And waken'd in a moment at the view." Thus e'en in dreams, if sweet my transports are, Alas! they are as short and transient too. 'Tis true, the pleasure and the dear deceit Did with the darkness of the night depart; But not with darkness of the night retires The ardent passion which consumes my heart. Thus, for a little moment if I am blest, In dreams, that with a churlish haste are When day again returns his cheerful course, No: not the telltale Muse shall bear the name Of her I love so tenderly; That loves me too so tenderly! That breathes his flame so cautiously! And, free from prying eyes when next we Her father, born of Afric's sun-burnt race, Thro' various toils at length to Britain came, But she is gone, and dwells in that abode, Where some of every clime shall joy in God. PUN OF WILLIAM THE THIRD. And fellow's Christ; their hope two infants ONE exclaim'd to King William," May dear, But one a hapless orphan slumbers here. And some that lov'd her most, as if unbless'd, Bedew'u with tears the white wreath on their breast; God damn the Dutch !" And "May God damn the Dutch!" all the rabble resound; When the Monarch replied, "Faith I thank you, friends, much; For unless they were damm'd, they'd be certainly drown'd. C. PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES. inter: 1. That the quantity of carbonic acid gas emitted is exactly equal, bulk for Bulk, to the oxygen consumed; and therefore there is no reason to conjecture, that any water is formed by a union of oxygen and hydrogen in the lungs. 2. Atmospheric air once entering the lungs returns charged with from 8 to 8 per cent. carbonic acid gas, and when the contacts are repeated almost as frequently as possible only 10 per cent. is emitted. 3. It appears, that a middle-sized man, aged thirty-eight years, and whose pulse is seventy on an average, gives off 502 cubical inches of carbonic acid gas from his lungs in eleven minutes; and supposing the production uniform for twenty-four hours, the total quantity in that period would be 39,534 cubical inches, weighing 18,683 grains, the carbon in which is 5,563 grains, or rather more than 11 oz. troy: the oxygen consumed in the same same time will be equal in volume to the carbonic acid gas. The quantity of carbonic acid gas, emitted in a given time, must depend much on the circumstances under which respiration is performed. 4. When respiration is attended with distressing circumstances, there is reason to conclude, that a portion of oxygen is absorbed and as the oxygen decreases in quantity, perception gradually ceases, and we may suppose, that life would : be completely extinguished on the total abstraction of oxygen. 5. A larger proportion of carbonic acid gas is formed by the human subject from oxygen, than from atmospherio air. 6. An easy, natural inspiration is from 16 to 17 cubical inches, though this will differ in different subjects; and it is supposed, that the quantity of carbonic acid gas, given off in a perfectly natural respiration, ought to be reckoned at less than at a time when experiments are making on the human subject for the purpose, because in short inspirations the quantity of air, which has reached no farther than the fauces, trachea, &c. bears a much larger proportion to the whole mass required, than when the inspirations are deep. 7. No hydrogen, nor any other gas, appears to evolved during the process of respiration. 8. The general average of the deficiency in the total amount of common air inspired, appears to be very small, amounting only to parts in 1000. 9. The experiments upon oxygen gas prove, that the quantity of air remaining in the lungs, and its appendages is very considerable, and that without a reference to this circumstance, all experiments upon small quantities of gas are liable to inaccuracy. Mr. Brande has laid before the Royal Society, an account of the differences in the structure of calculi, which arise from their being formed in different parts of the urinary passages; and on the effects that are produced upon them by the internal use of solvent medicines. The experiments made by this gentle, man were very numerous, and on an uncommonly uncommonly large collection of calculi, to most of which histories of the case are annexed. The subject is divided into different sections: the 1st relates to calculi formed in the kidnies, and voided without having undergone any changes in the urinary passages. These are entirely soluble in a solution of pure potash: and when exposed to the action of the blow-pipe, they blacken and emit a strong odour, which arises from the animal matter which they contain, and which occasions the loss in the analysis of these calculi. Its relative quantity is liable to much variation. In one instance a calculus from the kidney, weighing 7 grains, was ascertained to consist of 7.0 In some cases the calculi from the kidnies consist almost wholly of uric acid; -sometimes phosphate of lime was combined with the acid. II. In treating of the calculi which have been retained in the kidnies, and which frequently increase in that situation to à considerable size, he observes that this augmentation is of two kinds. 1. Where there is a great disposition to the formation of uric acid, the calculus consists wholly of that substance and animal matter, so as frequently to forin a complete cast of the pelvis of the kidney. 2. Where there is less disposition to form uric acid, the external laminæ are composed of the ammoniacomagnesian phosphate, and phosphate of lime. In one instance, a small uric calculus was so deposited on the kidney, that its upper surface was exposed to a continual stream of urine, upon which beautiful crystals of the triple phosphate had been deposited. Mr. Brande therefore infers, that, under common circumstances, a stream of urine passing over a calculus of uric acid, has a tendency to deposit the phosphate upon it. III. The calculi of the urinary bladder are of four kinds: 1. Those formed upon nuclei of uric acid, from the kidney. 2. Those formed upon nuclei of oxalate of lime from the kidney. S. Those formed upon sand or animal mucus deposited in the bladder. 4. Those formed upon extraneous bo dies introduced into the bladder. These are arranged under the following divisions:-First, Caiculi, which from their external appearance consist chiefly of uric acid, and which are chiefly or entirely soluble in a solution of pure potash. Secondly, Calculi composed chiefly of the ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate, or of phosphate of lime, or of mixtures of the two. These are characterised by their whiteness; by exhibiting small prismatic crystals upon their surface, and by their solubi lity in dilute muriatic acid. Thirdly, Calculi, containing oxalate of lime, commonly called mulberry calculi. These are distinguished by the difficulty with which they are dissolved in acids, by their hardness, and by leaving pure lime, when exposed to the action of the blowpipe. By analysis a calculus of 60 grains yielded IV. The calculi found in the urethra consist of ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate, and phosphate of lime, with a small portion of uric acid; though some appeared to consist almost wholly of ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate. Mr. Brande, in the next section, has given the result of analysis of the calculi found in the horse, ox, sheep, rhinoceros, dog, bog, and rabbit. These were found mostly to consist of phosphate of lime and carbonate of lime in different proportions. In some, small proportions of animal matter were combined with the other substances. The The inferences drawn from these interesting and important facts are as follow: That calculi formed in the kineys, and immediately voided, are almost always composed of uric acid, and that the phosphates are very frequent ingredients in calculi of the bladder. They are uni formly deposited upon extraneous substances introduced into the bladder, but never form small kidney calculi. In what is commonly called a fit of the gravel, a small uric calculus is formed in the kidney, and passes along the ureter into the bladder. For, some time after a stone has passed from the kidney, the urine is generally unusually loaded with uric acid, and deposits that substance upon the nucleus now in the bladder. After this, the subsequent additions to the calculus consist principally of the phosphates. Where the disposition to form uric acid in the kidneys is very great and permanent, the calculus found in the bladder is principally composed of uric acid; but where this disposition is weak, the nucleus only is uric acid, and the bulk of the stone is composed of the phosphates. When the increase secretion of uric acid returns at intervals, the calculus is composed of alternate layers of uric acid and the phosphates. There are besides these many variations in the formation of the calculi. In speaking of the solvents, Mr. Brande admits, that the internal exhibition of the alkalies often prevents the formation of the uric acid, and of course an increase of a calculus in the bladder, as far as the uric acid is concerned; but that its action will not proceed any farther; because from his experiments he finds there is at all times a quantity of uncombined acid in the urine; and hence it follows, that, although the alkali may may arrive at the kidneys in its pure state, it will there unite with the uncombined acid, and be rendered incapable of exerting any action upon the calculus in the bladder. Mr. B. also observes, that whenever the urine is deprived of a portion of the acid which is natural to it, the deposition of the triple phosphate and phosphate of lime more readily takes place, which is effected by the exhibition of the alkalies; and, therefore, though alkaline medicines often tend to diminish the quantity of uric acid, and thus prevent the addition of that substance in its pure state to a calculus in the bladder, they favour the deposition of the phosphates. With regard to the exhibition of the acids, particularly the muriatic acid, in order to dissolve the phosphates, Mr. B. admits, that, during the use of this acid, the phosphates are either diminished, or disappear altogether; and even the urine acquires sometimes an additional acidity, and therefore a solution of that part of the calculus, which consists of the phosphates, may be expected; but even then the nucleus of uric acid would remain, and thus a great deal of time would be lost without any permanent advantage. He is also decidedly against the injection of these solvents into the bladder, at once, by means of instruments; because in every case that has come under his observation, it has always aggravated the sufferings of the patient. He concludes, that as the nuclei of calculi originate in the kidnies, and that of these the greater. number consist of uric acid; the good effects so frequently observed during the use of an alkali, arise not from any actual solution of calculous matter, but from the power which it possesses of diminishing the secretion of urine acid, and thus preventing the enlargement of the calculus; so that, while of a very small form, it may be voided by the urethra. In a following number we shall give an account of Mr. Home's observations on the same subject. NATIONAL INSTITUTE. Messrs. Gay Lusac and Thenard have given an account of the method which they adopted in decomposing the boracic acid. They put equal parts of potassium,and pure vitreous boracic acid, into a copper tube, to which a bent glass tube was fitted. The copper tube was placed in a small furnace, and the extremity of the glass tube plunged into a bason of quicksilver. As soon as the temperature was raised to 150 (Reaumur, we presume), the mixture became suddenly red, much heat was produced, the glass broken, and almost the whole of the air in the apparatus was driven out with great force. Only atmospheric air was disengaged, and a few bubbles of hydrogen. All the potassium disappeared, although it only decomposed a part of the acid. These substances were changed by their reciprocal action into an olive grey substance, which is a compound of potash, and of the basis of boracic acid. boracic radical was separated from it by washing it with hot or cold water. That which does not dissolve, is the ra dical itself, which possesses the following properties this radical is greenish The brown; oxygen, and the whole placed over quick silver, a most rapid combustion took place, and the quicksilver rose to about the middle of the jar. The boracic ra dical exhibits the same phenomena with air as with oxygen, only that the combustion is less rapid. Hence it follows, that the boracic acid is composed of oxygen, and a combustible body: and that this substance is of a peculiar nature, and ought to be classed with phosphorus, carbon, and sulphur. It requires a great quantity of oxygen to change it into boracic acid, and it previously passes into the state of a black oxyde. brown; fixed, and insoluble in water. It has no taste, nor any action on tincture of litmus, or on syrup of violets. Being mixed with oxymuriate of potash, or nitrate of potash, and projected into a red-hot crucible, it entered into vivid combustion, of which the boracic acid was one of the products. The most curious and most important of all the phenomena produced by the boracic radical when placed in contact with other bodies, are those that it presents with oxygen. When four grains and a half of boracic radical, were projected into a silver crucible covered with a jar, containing a little more than a quart of LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS IN MAY. 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The Thames; or, Graphic Illustrations of Seats, Villas, Public Buildings, and Picturesque Scenery, on the Banks of that noble River. Engraved by William Cooke, from 3 R Original |