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Translated from the French, by John Joseph Stockdale, vols. 8vo. 16s. the centre, had, been regarded as a proof of the action of the medicines upon the calculus, and led to the belief, that where the stone was small it might be wholly dissolved; but it wow appears, that the soft part is not a portion of the original calculus, but a newly-forined substance, in which the uric acid is not deposited in crystals, but mechanically mixed with phosphates, and the animal mucus in the urine. The opinion that calculi in the human bladder have been entirely dissolved has received its principal support from instances having occurred, where the symptoms went entirely away, while the patients were using alkaline medicines, and never afterwards returned. The fallacy of this opinion has been detected, by examining the subjects after death; in one case, the patient was 68, and had been long taking the saline draught, when all symptoms vanished, and the case was published in proof of its efficacy; but when he died, 20 calculi were found in his bladder; and it appeared, that the symptoms went off, on account of the posterior lobe of the prostate gland having become enlarged (a change which frequently occurs in that period of life), and having formed a barrier between the calculi and the orifice of the bladder, so that they no longer irritated that part, either in making water, or in the different movements of the body, but lay in the lower posterior part of the bladder, without producing any painful effects. Their number, (says Mr. Home,) prevented the pressure from be ing great on one part of the intestine, immediately behind the bladder, and their motion on one another rendered their external surface smooth, and probably prevented their increase. In ano ther case of the same kind, 14 calculi were found, which were similarly situated by means of the same sort of enlargement of the posterior gland. In some cases calculi have been found en-closed in cysts, formed between the fasciculi of the muscular coat of the bladder, so as to be entirely excluded from the general cavity, and therefore had not produced any of the common symptoms of stone. To prove that calculi do sometimes increase, while the patient is using alkaline medicines, the following facts are adduced: A gentleman, having voided a small calculus, persisted in the use of alkaline medicines, and passed no more calculi; 4.T but on his death, at the age of 75, the whole cavity of the bladder was found completely full of soft, light, spongy cal culi, 350 in number. They were analized, and found to consist of uric acid, the phosphates and animal mucus, and differed so much from the calculus voided soon after he began the use of alkalies, that they appear to have been formed after that period. Another person, having taken the alkali three months, finding the symptoms still more violent, submitted to an ope ration. The calculus, for the thicknes of th of an inch, was entirely composed of triple phosphate, in a state of perfect spiculated crystals, so as to present a very rough irritating surface to the internal membrane of the bladder, while the inner parts of the calculus were made up of a mixture of uric acid and phosphates, so that the alkali had prevented the formation of uric acid, but the phosphates were deposited more rapidly than before. A gentleman, in whose urine the uric acid appears in a solid form, immediately after it is voided, has the same appearance in the urine, even when nine drachms of soda dissolved in water, impregnated with carbonic acid, are taken in 24 hours ; so that the alkali does not even counteract the formation of uric acid, SOCIETY OF ARTS, MANUFACTURES, &C. Mr. Waistel has obtained the gold medal for his paper on the "Method of ascertaining the value of growing timber trees, at different and distant periods of time." Some account of this method will be deemed of great importance to all growers of timber, to enable them to ascertain the value of timber in all its stages, and to point out to them the most proper and profitable time of felling it. The author was led to the investigation of this subject from being called to value plantations, one of which very much exceeded his estimate. Hence he spared no pains in collecting all the facts connected with the subject, and he finds that the increase in the circumference of trees is generally from about one to two inches annually, and from 12 to 18 inches the annual increase in height, some fall a little short, and some exceed those measures. Adopting this, as a well-grounded theory, he has constructed a number of tables which may be useful to practical men; for whom we shall give the first and second with explanations, in order that our leaders may judge how far the subject is adapted to their wants. The first table shews, every fourth year, from 12 to 100; the rates per cent. per ann, at which all trees increase, whether they grow fast or slow, provided their rate of growth does not vary. This table may be the means of saving young thriving woods from being cut down, by shewing how great a loss is sustained by felling timber prematurely; and it will point out the small interest which old trees will bring by being kept: it will likewise assist in the valuing of such timber as is not to be cut down, by enabling a person to estimate its present value, especially when it is encreasing after a high rate per cent per ann. The second table shews the rate per cent, to be the same as in the first table, though the annual increase is more both in height and circumference. It must be observed that the whole height of the trees is taken to the top of the leading shoot, and the girt in the middle. If trees increase 12 inches in height, and in circumference annually, their in crease will be as in the following The increase per cent. per annum is the same as the above in all trees at the same age, whether they have grown faster or slower, provided their increase in height and thickness annually has not varied on an average. The progress of trees is sometimes greatly retarded by insects destroying their leaves, by unfavourable seasons, and by their roots penetrating into noxious strata. But these accidents cannot enter into calculations. Calculations, shewing every fourth year from 12 to 64, the progressive annual increase in the growth of trees, and the gradual decrease in the rate per cent. per annum, that the annual increase beurs to the whole tree. The whole height of the trees is taken girt in the middle; but no account is to the top of the leading shoot, and the taken of the lateral branches. If trees increase eighteen inches in height, and two inches in circumference, annually, their increase will be as undermentioned, viz. TABLE 134 96 10 11 6 5 4 5 6 5.8 56 84 14 114 -60 90 15 140 7 6 61 911 64 96 16 170 8 0 65 1971 4 66 2 86 5.4 9 2 07 1 80 5. 4.7 4 08 1 4 0 14 120 6 8 At every suceeding period, both in this Table and Table I. the like process is gone through. Observations on Tables I. and II. The preceding tables furnish us with the following useful information, viz. 1st. That all regular growing trees, measured as above, as often as their age is increased one-fourth, contain very nearly double their quantity of timber. 2nd. That when a tree has doubled its age, its contents will be eight-fold. 3d. That when a tree has doubled the age, its annual growth will be increased four-fold. 4th. Consequently, that when a tree has doubled its age, the proportion that its annual increase bears to the contents of the whole tree, is then diminished one-half. 0 57 85 Explanation of the Construction of To render the preceding tables easy to be understood by persons not accustomed to calculations, we shall state the process of the operations in the first line of Table II. The height of the tree at 12 years of age is supposed to be 18 feet to the top of its leading shoot, and 24 inches in circumference at the ground, consequently, at half the height, the circumference is 12 inches; one fourth of this, being three inches, is called the girt. The girt being squared and multiplied into the height, gives one foot one inch and six parts for Its contents. At 13 years old, the tree will be 191 feet high, 26 inches in circumference at the ground, and 13 inches at half the height; one-fourth of 13 gives S4 inch for the girt. This squared and multiplied into the height, gives one foot five inches and one part for the contents. Deduct from this the contents of the tree at 12 years of age, and there remains three inches and seven parts, which is the increase in the 13th year. Then reduce the contents of the tree when 13 years old, and the increase in the 13th year, each into parts, dividing the former by the latter, and the quotient will be 3.76; REVIEW OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS. The Overture, and most admired Songs and Duets, in the Opera of the Circassian Bride, as performed at the late Theatre Royal, Drury Lane.. Composed and arranged for the Piano-forte, or Harp, by H, R. Biskop. 85. FTER a sedulous perusal of the mu Asic of the Circassian Bride, we are pleased at being authorized by its merits, to employ in its favour, the terms of our warm and unqualified commendation. The melodies are, in most instances, uncommonly select, and particularly ap propriate, The expression is faithful to the sentiment of the author, the turns of the 2s. the passages are marked by grace and 110 are written by Mr. Currell, is pleasing velty, and the general result is, an effect in its melody, and calculated to impress highly interesting and dramatic. It is to the hearer with a favourable opinion of be lainented, boih on account of the com- the composer's taste and sensibility, , poser's interest, and the public gratific while the accompaniment is judiciously cation, that this piece was destined to arranged, and the bass not ill-chosen. be performed but once; the theatre A favourite Duet, for the Piano forte. Come being destroyed the night after its first posed and dedicated to Miss and Miss Mary representation. Eyre, by y Jay. 6s. A Book of Glees, &c. for Three, Four, and Five This duet, which is comprised in one Voices, composed and dedicated to Mrs. Jouto movement, is simple and easy in its style, Bates, by Samuel Webbe, jun. 12s. and without the ostentation of profound The present publication comprises science, or a severe attention to the senine glees, a canon, a round, and a catch; crets of elaborate composition, exhibits' and occupies forty-two folio pages. Á the taste of the coinposer in a favourpleasing play of fancy, aided by a culti- able light, and is productive of a very vated judgment, and a respectable portion pleasing effect. We should not do jusof science, is displayed in various parts tice to Mr. Jay's merits, if we did not of the work, and sets Mr. Webbe's abi. recommend this production to the attenJities for this species of composition in tion of juvenile practitioners, for whose the most favourable point of view. The use and improvement it seems particu, combinations are, in general, extremely larly adapted. well adjusted, and the bass iš frequently “ If it be Love;" an Ariette, as sung by Mr. the best that could have been selected; Vaughan, at tbe Vocal Concerts, Hanover, while the points, answered with correct- square. Composed by 7. F. Burrowes. ness and effect, contribute to throw over We find in this aretle indications of the whole a striking air of mastery and an effort, with which the effect, we inust talent. in candour observe, does not perfectly A Sonata for the Piano-forte, composed and des correspond. Some of the passages are dicated to Miss Finlason, by 7. Ross, esq. 45. agreeable in themselves, and tolerably connected, but not This Sonata, in which Mr. Ross. bas meaning as we could wish; nor do we so pregnant with inti ed some favourite Scottish airs, find in the whole that distinguishing feais written in a free but ensy style. The ture inherent in original compusition. passages, though playful, are not dif. ficult of execution, and taste prevails Les Petites Rivales; a Divertimento for two without the desertion of siinplicity. In Performers on one Piano-forte. Composed and dedicated to Miss and Miss Mary Tborne the general construction of the piece, bill, by Cbarles Edward Horn. 2s.6d. we trace much talent for arrangement, and a considerable knowledge of effect, article before us for what we are ready Mr. Horn has evidently designed the while the improvement of the finger, as well as the gratification of the eur, has Though nothing very scientific or artifi to acknowledge it-an agreeable trifle. been successfully attended to. cial presents itself to us, the parts are A Concerto, by Mozart, adapted as a Sonata for perfectly in rule, and the effect, if not tbe Piano-forte, by D. Bruguier, and den brilliant, is pleasing. dicated to bis friend, F. Lanza. '6s. Sixth Divertimento for the Piana forte. ComMr. Braguier, in his adaptation of this posed and dedicated to the Right Hon. Lady concerto for the piano-forte, has evincert Diana Herbert, by J. B. Cramer, esy. 5s.. a thorough acquaintance with the parti- In this divertinento, Mr. Cramer has cular points of excellence in his author, introduced a favourite Spanish fandango, as well as a perfect knowledge of the serving at once to delight the ear, and character and powers of the instrument relieve the piker movements of the comfor which he intends it. The whole is position. In every page of the publica. accompanied with a violin part; and the tion we trace the talents of this excelgeneral effect, is, we think, calculated lent master, and find his genius secondto ensure the publication an extensive ed by his taste and judgment: sale. Bon Soir 2d, Divertissement pour le Piano-forte, avec Accompagnement de Flute (ad libitum). Ibe. Blue-ey'd Stranger ; a favorite song, with Composé et dedié aux Dames, par T. Latoxr, an Accompaniment for the Piano-forte. Como esg. Pianiste de Son Altesse Royal Mouseigposed by W. Slapp. 1s. nur le Prince de Galles. 45. Thissong, che affecting words of which This diccrtissement is pleasingly ima sued; |