and when at length he does take his measure, it is a most decisive one. A whole herd will sometimes force their way at the very point where the drivers are the most numerous and where there are no rifles; so that I have seen the hillmen fling their sticks at them, while they have raced away without a shot being fired.

When a stag is closely pursued by dogs, and feels that he cannot escape from them, he flies to the best position he can, and defends himself to the last extremity. This is called going to bay. If he is badly wounded, or very much overmatched in speed, he has little choice of ground; but if he finds himself stout in the chase, and is pursued in his native mountains, he will select the most defensible spot he has it in his power to reach; and woe be unto the dog that approaches him rashly!

His instinct always leads him to the rivers, where his long legs give him a great advantage over the deerhounds. Firmly he holds his position, whilst they swim powerless about him, and would die from cold and fatigue before they could make the least impression on him. Sometimes he will stand upon a rock in the midst of the river, making a most majestic appearance; and in this case it will always be found that the spot on which he stands is not approachable on his rear. In this situation he takes such a sweep with his antlers that he could exterminate a whole pack of the most powerful dogs that were pressing too closely upon him in front. He is secure from all but man, and the rifle-shot must end him.

The deer, like many other animals, seem to foresee every change of weather: at the approach of a storm they leave the higher hills and descend to the low grounds, sometimes even two days before the change takes place. Again, at the approach of a thaw they leave the low grounds and go to the mountains by a similar anticipation of change. They never perish in snowdrifts, like sheep, since they do not shelter themselves in hollows, but keep the bare ground, and eat the tops of the heather.

Harts are excellent swimmers, and will pass from island to island in quest of food. It is asserted that the rear hart in swimming rests his head on the croup of the one before him, and that all follow in the same manner.

When a herd of deer are driven, they follow each other in a line; so that when they cross the stalker, it is customary for him to be quiet, and suffer the leaders to pass before he raises his rifle. If he were to fire at the first that appeared, he would probably turn the whole of them.

It must be remarked, however, that when deer are hard pressed by a dog they run in a compact mass, the tail ones endeavouring to wedge themselves into it. They will also run in this manner when pressed by drivers on the open moor. But they are sensible that they could not pass the narrow oblique paths that are trodden out by them in the precipitous and stony parts of the mountain in any other manner than in rank and file.

W. SCROPE.

74. THE INDUSTRY OF A GENTLEMAN.

Those persons who ought not to be slothful in business are of two sorts-the one gentlemen, the other scholars.

The first place, as civility demandeth, we assign to gentlemen, or persons of eminent rank in the world, well allied, graced with honour, and furnished with wealth; which sort of persons I conceive in a high degree obliged to exercise industry in business.

This, at first hearing, may seem a little paradoxical and strange; for who have less business than gentlemen? who do need less industry than they? He that hath a fair estate, and can live on his means, what hath he to do, what labour or trouble can be exacted of him, what hath he to think on or trouble his head with but how to invent recreations and pastimes to divert himself, and spend his waste leisure pleasantly?

Why should not he be allowed to enjoy himself, and the benefits which nature or fortune have freely dispensed to him, as he thinketh best, without offence? Why may he not say with the rich man in the gospel, "Soul, thou hast much goods laid up for many years: take thine ease, eat, drink, and be merry"? Is it not often said by the wise man that there is "nothing better under the sun than that a man should make his soul to enjoy good" in a cheerful and comfortable fruition of his estate? According to the passable notion and definition, "What is a gentleman but his pleasure?"

If this be true--if a gentleman be nothing else but this—then truly he is a sad piece, the most inconsiderable, the most despicable, the most pitiful and wretched creature in the world. If it is his privilege to do nothing, it is his privilege to be most unhappy, and to be so will be his fate if he will according to it; for he that is of no worth or use, who produceth no beneficial fruit, who performeth no service to the world—what title can he have to happiness? what capacity thereof ? What reward can he claim? What comfort can he feel? To what temptations is he exposed? What guilts will he incur?

To suppose

that

But, in truth, it is far otherwise. a gentleman is loose from business is a great mistake; for, indeed, no man hath more to do, no man lieth under greater engagements to industry, than he. He is deeply obliged to be continually busy in more ways than other men, who have but one simple. calling or occupation allotted to them. It is easy to prompt and show him many businesses indispensably belonging to him as such.

It is his business to administer relief to his poor neighbours, in their want and distresses, by his wealth. It is his business to direct and advise the ignorant, to comfort the afflicted, to reclaim the wicked, and encourage the good, by his wisdom. It is his business to protect the weak, to rescue the oppressed, to ease those who groan under heavy burdens, by his power.

It is his business to be hospitable; kind and helpful to strangers; following those noble gentlemen

Abraham and Lot, who were so ready to invite and entertain strangers with bountiful courtesy.

It is his business to maintain peace and appease dissensions among his neighbours, interposing his counsel and authority in order thereto; whereto he hath that brave gentleman Moses recommended for his pattern.

It is his busines to promote the welfare and prosperity of his country with his best endeavours, and by all his interest; in which practice the sacred history doth propound divers gallant gentlemen (Joseph, Moses, Samuel, Nehemiah, Daniel, Mordecai, and all such renowned patriots) to guide him.

It is his business to govern his family well; to educate his children in piety and virtue; to keep his servants in good order.

It is his business to look to his estate, and to keep it from wasting; that he may sustain the repute of his person and quality with decency; that he may be furnished with ability to do good, may provide well for his family, may be hospitable, may have wherewith to help his brethren: for if, according to St. Paul's injunction, a man should "work with his own hands, that he may have somewhat to impart to him that needeth," then must he that hath an estate be careful to preserve it for the same good purpose.

It is his business to cultivate his mind with knowledge, with generous dispositions, with all worthy accomplishments befitting his condition and qualifying him for honourable action; so that he may excel,