heart; I was informed that he had been bled, and fome phyfic was ordered, I faw nothing more could be done, I examined the man every where as narrowly as I could, but I faw no violence; there was a furgeon faid, that there was a mark of violence on the left fide of the head or neck, but I did not obferve it; as there was nothing to lead me to a further examination I left him, defiring that he should be kept quiet, and I would call in the morning; but I believe I fignified that I did not fuppofe that I fhould find the man alive in the morning; I happened to be out that evening, feveral people called on. me, and I was told that Mr. Sheldon, the furgeon, had been fent for to meet me; it was past twelve when I returned, and I wrote an anfwer that I would meet Mr. Sheldon on the morrow morning at ten o'clock; the fervant came back and told me the man was dead, and Mr. Sheldon was there then, I then thought there was no neceflity to meet Mr. Sheldon; I received an order the next day, to attend the Coroner at five the next evening to open the body, Mr. Sheldon and I opened the body; on opening the body we found in his cheft three ribs broke on the left fide, and fome other fmall marks of violence not of much fignification, there was fome extravafated blood in the cheft; I next examined the head, upon making an incifion into his cap on the left temple, I obferved extravafated blood where a blow moft probably had been received, when the skull was removed we obferved more blood to iffue than common; at the first membrane of the skull, we found oppofite to the extravafated blood, a confiderable quantity of coagulated blood laying between the two membranes of the brain; we examined the skull on the infide, and oppofite to that from where the first extravafated blood had appeared,. there were found feveral fractures.

Court. Were those the occafions of his death-No, thofe were the appearances of it the extravafated blood found on the right fide, oppofite to where the blow was given, occafioned by the blow, was the caufe of his death.

What do you fuppofe the blow was given with ?—I should suppose it was given by a blunt inftrument; a fharp heavy inftrument, fuch as a rod of iron, will make a very confiderable external appearance, perhaps greater than an internal one; but an inftrument of a confiderable fize, and with confiderable velocity, may make no external appearance, because it covers fo large a furface, but it may give the head such a shock, fuch a quick velocity, as to produce extravafation.

Court to Jury. What do you fay with refpect to the prifoners Ward, Shaw, and Murray; do you think it neceffary to put them on their defence?

Jury. We think not.

Court to prifoner Nicholfen. Now is the time to make your defence, your Counsel cannot fpeak for you?

Prifoner. I leave it to my Counsel and Almighty God!

Captain GARSTON worn.
Examined by Mr. Erfkine.

Was you at Covent Garden on the 10th of May ?—I was.

Was you

there at the clofe of the poll?-I was.

In what part of Covent Garden?—Abreast of the pump.

At what diftance?I fuppofe about four yards, I was fitting on a coach box. Did you fee a perfon at the pump that had been ftruck by fome body. ?--I did. Which you know now to be the perfon we have been talking about to-day gine fo.

I ima

Was he laying under the pump?-He was leaning back in a man's arms, there were feveral people about him, they were giving him air; I did not fee the blow given. How long had you been there before you faw this man in that condition ?-About a quarter of an hour, previous to the clofe of the poll.

In

In what flate was the Huftings at that time in refpect to the tumult ?-It appeared to me to be perfectly quiet; previous to the time the perfon lay under the pump, there had been a mall affray, in which the conftables beat the people on the right and on the

left.

Did you fee what was the caufe of that little affray?—A man appeared to me to be holding up fomething like a halfpenny, and there was a feuffle about a black man; it appeared to me that the conftables jumped over the outward rail, and endeavoured to take thefe people that had been in that little fcuffle into cuftody; and that it was a trifling affray, comparatively fpeaking, to the bustle I faw one day before, near the Huftings.

How long was it before the confufion became confiderable?-It was a confiderable time afterwards; in about four or five minutes after the conftables jumped over the rails, I faw this man down; the conftables came out in very great force, I speak as to number: about four or five minutes before I faw Caffon down, they were driving people to the right-hand and left, the conftables beat them exceffively, and ftruck them with their fhort ftaves, they had fome fhort ones; the people that were in the front went away of courfe; Caflon was killed in that little affray, I faw him laying under the pump ten or twelve minutes.

Did the proceedings that you obferved in the conftables appear to be neceffary to quiet the disturbance-It is a matter of opinion, I did not obferve it.

Did you fee any refiftance?-No, none, nor a stick held up at that time, except the common little buftle; I thought there was a vaft number of conftables to take away two or three people that committed a paltry riot.

A confiderable time after, I believe there was a fcuffle ?-There was.

How long after was it when it began, and how did it begin?-About ten or twelve minutes, or a little more; the man was laying under the pump at this time: there were marrow-bones and cleavers came round to the Unicorn from the end of Henrietta-street to the rails the other fide of the pump, a little way where the man laid on the pavement, and they kept beating their marrow-bones and cleavers for fome time, and the mob at that time appeared to be in fpirits: this was the first time I faw the marrowbones and cleavers go off. The conftables appeared to me rather too open; it appeared to be a manœuvre of the conftables; as foon as they got them within their reach, they attempted to close upon them.

If any of the perfons who were on the outfide at the time the conftables jumped over the rails had affaulted the conftables, do you think you must have feen them?I think I muft; it appeared that there was no affault on the conftables till after the man had been killed ten or twelve minutes.

Cross-examined by Mr. Morgan.

How long had the company of butchers with the marrow-bones and cleavers been there before?—I did not fee the marrow-bones and cleavers; he could not have been knocked down but a very few minutes by this mob.

Did not you when you firft came fee the mob?The marrow-bones and cleavers, I faw the men in whitish coats; 1 fat on the coach-box about four or five yards from the breaft of the pump.

Were there not marrow-bones and cleavers there?-They might be, but I did not fee them, not until after Caffon had been killed; I first saw them on the other fide of the pump, I never faw them on that day.

Where were they when you firft faw them?-They were there when I first saw them.

Were

Were they Irishmen?-It is impoffible to diftinguifh a man's country by his face, I faw nothing particularly extraordinary; I very honeftly confefs myfelf, that I thought the man was killed in the indifcriminate hurly burly; I faw no staff by him.

How many men did you fee, chairmen About twenty-five or thirty, not more. Do me the favour to look at the prifoners, and tell me if you remember them? I took notice of Ward, the butcher, with one eye, and I recollect him particularly that day being on the other fide of the pump, coming up long after Caffon was killed: they ame down in a very large body, they intirely filled up the Huftings and booth; they peared to me to be a hundred and thirty.

Do you really limit the number of chairmen to twenty-five?—No, I think there ht be thirty.

ow many
of them might be about Caffon when he was under the pump ?—I do not
lect feeing above two or three people about him, and they had flicks beating the
of the people.

e they chairmen I cannot charge my memory with feeing any chairmen about

not the pump stand at some distance from the Huftings?—Yes; they went off, returned again, but they did not advance at the time; when Caffon was killed ables retreated; there were a few ftragglers about the body, who got about gave him water.

They could not all be gone?-The people on both fides could not get away? people in front that ran away, thofe that were on the left fide were beat most

AARON ABBOT fworn.

Examined by Mr. Pigot.

and conftable of St. Paul's, Covent Garden; I have been four yearsyears conftable; I was in Covent Garden on the 10th of May, I was Unicorn, I could fee the pump and a long way beyond it, and a part Huftings; I was there. when the poll clofed at three o'clock, and I

was there before that time.

Was there any rioting in the front of the Huftings?—I cannot fay there was much, only a parcel of conftables came pufhing people about.

Was there any disturbance then?-Only that they would not let people ftand quietly.

After the close of the poll was there any disturbance ?-There was fome fcuffle in the front, a man held fomething, it might be a halfpenny, and called out Fox for ever, and one man whom they call Lucas, that generally wears fpectacles, he jumped over the rails to ftrike him, and the affray began on that; that is my opinion of it: from that there came a great body of them together, parading backwards and forwards to the: amount of two hundred, down by the Huftings with their ticks, knocking people about.

Did they follow Lucas ?--I believe they followed him.

Did thofe conftables ftrike ?--They ftruck a great number of people.

Were thofe people refifting then Not that I faw, they came down as low as the pump and came back a fecond time, fome of them ftruck at the whole of them. They ftruck indifcriminately?--Yes, Sir.

Was there any cry about any body's being knocked down?-Then there was a cry as I really believe, of a High Conftable that had knocked a man down. 3 F

Did

Did you fee the man knocked down?-I did not fee him ftruck, I faw him when he was down.

Did you at that time obferve any of the chairmen or butchers there?—There were none nigh to my knowledge.

Did the conftables go away after that?-After that they began ftriking violently. Did the marrow-bones and cleavers come across after that?-At that time they ftood by a row of coaches all quiet, with their cleavers over their arms, but they went towards the pump and returned again, and went and ftood very quiet by Mr. Jennings's door, then they were taken one by one, to the Committee Room.

Cross-examined by Mr. Sylvefter.

If I understand you right, you were upon the leads of the Unicorn ?—Yes, it projects a good way out.

The Huftings were inclofed in the boards ?-Yes.

Lucas was within the Huftings?—No, Sir, there is a way intirely through in the front of the Huftings, and there is a rail, and he was there; there was a fcuffle.

Between whom?-By the conftables in general, as I faw, I do not know but they might fcuffle with one another, they hardly knew one another, and the conftables went to knock down every man that called out Fox for ever, they did not knock down any other perfon whatever, I did not see who ftruck the deceased, there was one Mr. Elliott, he was very bufy and ftruck away very violently, and there was Mr. Wild equally the fame, very bufy.

Did he ftrike any body?—I faw him ftrike people, Lucas, who wears fpectacles, he was very bufy all the whole time, and indeed the whole of the Election.

Was there no chairmen nor butchers about Mr. Fox's fide?-There were not, but there were plenty of spectators, they might have sticks, I did not take particular notice. Then how can you take upon yourself to fwear, you do not mean to fay, that round this pump there were none but conftables?-There were the most conftables, but I cannot fay that there were none but constables.

Did you know the prifoner ?-I cannot fay.

CHRISTOPHER JACOB fworn.

Examined by Mr. Fielding.

What are you?-I am an Umbrella-maker, I live in Round Court, I was at Covent Garden on the 10th of May.

In what fituation was you when the poll closed?In the front of the Huftings about the middle part.

And at that time all was quiet?—There was a fcuffle enfued between a black man and a white man, and there were fome conftables before the rails, and they jumped over the rails, they preffed forward, and they were immediately joined by another body of conftables, the name of one is, as they faid, Lucas.

From what fide of the Huftings did this body of conftables come?-From Wood's Hotel, every one of them.

How many conftables might there be collected there?-There might be forty, I cannot fay exactly, they came bearing down their ftaves, and this man in black, with a pair of fpectacles and a light coloured two curled wig, I am told his name is Lucas, he ftruck at feveral people, they bore me down as well as feveral other

people,

people, and they preffed onwards towards Henrietta-street, the people gave way towards the pump.

What happened by the pump at that time?-When they came down nearer the pump there was a man dreffed with white ftockings and black breeches; his waistcoat I cannot be fure to, but his coat was of the olive kind; I believe his waistcoat was I faw this man fight with Lucas in fpectacles, with a conftable's ftaff in his hand, and they faid the man in black ftruck a blow, which blow that man received. Court. Where did that blow light-Whether he ftruck at him with a defign I cannot fay, but a blow that man received fomewhere on the fide of his head, it made him ftagger very much; the man that made the blow at me, lifted up his ftaff at the fame time, and that took my attention from the man, I did not fee him drop, but I saw him reel, I was preffed confiderably, and foon after I came upon the flag ftones facing the watch-house, then I looked and faw the fame man under the pump, they were rubbing water down his temples, I was not two yards from him, I am fure it was the fame I faw no others than conftables that were about him at that time when I faw the blow given; when I came on the flag ftones, Mr. Sheridan asked me who the man was that lay under the pump, I faid I did not know who he was, but I heard he was a conftable, I faw no other but conftables.

man,

Did you fee any chairmen or any perfons refembling chairmen at the pump at that time-No, Sir, I do not know that that was the man, I never faw him after, the man that was under the pump I faw the blow given to.

Did you fee the pritoners there?-No, I did not..

Mr. Morgan. What are you?-An Umbrella-maker.

Are you a Jew or a Chriftian?—I am a Chriftian, Sir, my name is Jacob, I was there moft days, I was there that day from one, I was not paid.

You did not fee this unhappy man trampled on, did you -No, I did not.

Had you feen Caffon any time before to fix your attention upon him, fo as to ob ferve whether he was an officer or not?-I do not know that he was an officer, only as the people faid, I did not fee him with a staff in his hand, I did not defcribe him fo.

WILLIAM JENNER Sworn.

Examined by Mr. Garrow.

I am a Breeches-maker, I live in St. Martin's-lane..

Was you in Covent Garden the 10th of May-I was near the church, but I was drove down by the mob to the pump, that might be between three or four, I went there about half paft twelve, and was there till fix.

Who drove you down to the pump?--I was drove entirely by the conftables.
Did you fee any thing remarkable near the pump?—Yes.

What was it? faw the conftables all bear down in a full body from Wood's Hotel, which is King-street end of the Haftings down to the pump; when they came to the pump, I was ftanding facing the fpot, and there came a head conftable with the whole kit of the conftables, each had a black staff with filver tipped at each end, and a crown at top; it was about wo feet long, I was ftanding there, and if I had not moved. I fhould have been knocked down by it, he held it up in his hand, and he was knocking down all before him, I was obliged to move out of his way, or else I should have got a blow, he was follow. d by a large number of other perfons, the multitude ran away. Did you fee any body ftruck-Yes, there was a man on the right hand fide of me near the pump; he was a tallish man between forty and fifty, dreffed in a darkish co3 F 2

loured