march, noticing the varieties of ground, of buildings, of culture, and the distances and state of the roads between given points, throughout the march of the day; and lastly, to exhibit the relative positions of the contending armies, on fields of battle, and the dispositions made, whether for attack or defence.

13. IV. The adjutant general's and the inspector general's departments. One adjutant and inspector general, 8 adjutant generals, 16 assistant adjutant generals, 8 inspector generals, and 16 assistant inspector generals.

The duties of adjutant generals may be comprised under the following heads, viz. :

Distribution of orders:
Details of service :

Instruction of the troops in the manual exercise, and the evolutions and arrangement of them when brought into action; and

Direction of the military correspondence.

1. Distribution of orders. The general orders of the day having been received from the commanding general, the adju tant general or his assistant carries them to the office of distribution, where they are recorded in a book kept for that purpose, whence they are transcribed by the aids-de-camp of general officers, by majors of brigade, by the adjutants of all separate corps less than brigades, by a deputy or assistant deputy quartermaster general, by an hospital surgeon, or an hospital surgeon's mate, detailed for that duty by the senior surgeon, and some commissioned officer from each corps of engineers; and when so transcribed, they are carried to the corps to which these officers respectively belong, and there promulgated, under the orders of the officers commanding the corps, and become to them a rule of conduct.

2. Details of service. These are made agreeably to prescribed rules, and the usage of war.

3. Instruction of the troops. This is governed by circumstances, as to time, place, and frequency; of which the commanding general is the judge.

4. Military correspondence. Reports of services performed, and demands for courts of inquiry, or courts martial, are made to the adjutant general. All returns intended to exhibit the strength of corps, and accounting for the absent non-commissioned officers, musicians, and privates; reports of the hospital and of the quartermaster's departments; and of ordnance and ordnance stores attached to the army; are also addressed to the adjutant general; out of which he forms a general return, which is transmitted monthly, for the information of the war depart

ment: those transmitted for the months of June and December, are accompanied with a list of the officers serving in any garrison or corps of the district or army so returned, specifying their names, rank, and places of station. Returns of ordnance and ordnance stores, are made agreeably to forms prescribed by the commissary general of ordnance.

The duties of inspector generals may be divided under the following heads, viz.:

Mustering and inspecting troops of the line, and militia detachments serving with them:

Selecting places of encampment, and posting guards:

Superintending the police of the camp and of the march :
Inspecting parades; and

Making half yearly confidential reports to the war department, of the state of the army, division, or detachment to which they belong.

$14. V. The ordnance department. The commissary general and the assistant commissary general of ordnance, 9 deputy and 16 assistant deputy commissaries, 3 master wheel-wrights, 3 master carriage-makers, 3 master blacksmiths, and 120 artificers, viz. 40 wheel-wrights, 40 carriage-makers, and 40 blacksmiths.

This department is charged with the making, in the laboratories of the United States, all gun-carriages, ammunition waggons, travelling forges, and every other apparatus for the artillery, and with the preparing all kinds of ammunition for garrison and field service. It is likewise charged with the inspection of powder, cannon, shot, and other ordnance stores, made under contract with the United States; with the distribution of ordnance; and with the preservation and safe keeping of all ord

nance stores.

15. VI. The purchasing department. The commissary general, 10 deputy commissaries, 6 assistant commissaries, and 17 military store keepers.

The commissary general of this department and his deputies purchase, upon the orders and estimates of the war department, all ordnance, ordnance stores, laboratory utensils, artificers' tools, artillery carriages, ammunition waggons, timber and other materials for making and repairing these; artillery harness, ammunition, small arms, accoutrements, and equipments; clothing, dragoon saddles and bridles; tent poles, camp kettles, mess pans, bed-sacks, medicines, surgical instruments, hospital stores, and all other articles required for the public service of the army of the United States, excepting only, such as are directed to be purchased by the quarter master general's department. The ar

ticles so purchased, are delivered over, by the commissary general or by his deputies, to an officer of the quarter master general's department, for transportation to the places of their destination and use.

16. VII. Paymaster's department. The paymaster of the army, 8 deputy paymaster generals, 3 assistant do., 30 district and 2 assistant paymasters.

§ 17. VIII. The hospital department. The physician and surgeon general, the apothecary general and his assistants, 20 hospital surgeons and 2 mates to each, 20 stewards, 20 ward masters, 2 surgeons, and 31 surgeon's mates.

It is the duty of the physician and surgeon general to prescribe rules for the government of the hospitals of the army; to see these enforced; to appoint stewards and nurses; to call for and receive returns of medicines, surgical instruments, and hospital stores; to authorize and regulate the supply of regimental medicine chests; to make out general half yearly returns of these, and of the sick (in hospitals) to the war department, and yearly estimates of what may be wanted for the supply of the army. The apothecary general assists the physician and surgeon general in the discharge of the above mentioned duties, and receives and obeys his orders in relation thereto.

The apothecary general and his assistants receive and take charge of all hospital stores, medicines, surgical instruments, and dressings, bought by the commissary general of purchases or his deputies, and account to the superintendant general of military supplies for all expenditures of the same. It is the further duty of the apothecary general and his assistants to pay (monthly) the wages of the stewards, ward masters, and nurses of the hospital, the accounts being duly certified by the senior surgeon present, and settled quarterly. They also compound and prepare all officinals, and put up and issue medicines, &c. in chests, or otherwise, conformably to the direction of the physician and surgeon general, or on the estimates and requisitions of the senior surgeons of hospitals, and of the regimental surgeons. Returns are made to the apothecary general's office, quarterly, by the deputy apothecaries, surgeons, and mates, or any one having charge of instruments, medicine, hospital stores, and hospital equipments of any description. The forms of these returns are regulated by the apothecary general, under the direction of the superintendant general of military supplies, to whom one copy of the returns is sent.

The senior hospital surgeon is ex officio the director of the medical staff in the army or district to which he is attached.He must reside at or near head-quarters, countersign all requi

sitions of regimental surgeons or mates on the apothecary general or his assistants, inspect the hospitals under his direction, correct abuses, and report delinquencies. It is his duty to make quarterly reports to the physician and surgeon general of the sick and wounded in the hospital to which he is attached, and of the medicines, instruments, and hospital stores, received, expended, on hand, and wanted, on the 1st of January, April, July, and October, of each year. He must also keep a diary of the weather, together with an account of the medical topography of the country in which he serves, and report to the commanding officer every circumstance tending to restore or preserve the health of the troops.

It is the duty of hospital surgeons, or others acting in that capacity, to superintend every thing that relates to the hospital, as to its construction, its government, and its police. To order the steward to furnish whatever may be necessary or convenient for the sick. To visit the sick and wounded in the hospital every morning, and in the evening require from the resident mate a report of all alterations that may have occurred since the morning prescriptions. To prescribe on a blotter for the instruction and convenience of the mate. To have the police rules of the hospital printed or written in a legible hand, and hung up in each ward, and to assign appropriate wards to the patients, according to their respective diseases. To keep a register of all patients admitted into the hospital, wherein shall be specified the name, rank, regiment, company, disease, dates of admission, discharge, desertion, or death; and also to keep a case book, in which shall be recorded the history of every important or interesting case of disease. The general result or outlines of the case book, as well as an account of medicines, instruments, hospital stores, furniture, &c. received, on hand, and wanted, must be reported monthly.

It is the duty of the mates to attend at the hour appointed by the surgeon, to visit the patients with him, and note his prescriptions. Each mate must keep a case book similar to the one prescribed for the surgeon. They must also attend to the administering the prescriptions of the surgeon, dress all wounds and ulcers, enforce the established discipline of the hospital, and report to the proper officers all delinquencies. One of the mates, at least, must remain constantly within call of the hospital. The medicine and instruments are under the immediate care of the

mates.

It is the duty of the steward, under the direction of the surgeon, to provide for the hospital, to receive and take charge of all hospital stores, furniture, utensils, &c. to keep an accurate

account of all issues, and specify not only for whom, but by whom, ordered; the surgeon's certificate to be his voucher. The steward is responsible to the apothecary general, or his assistant, for the faithful discharge of his office.

The ward master is under the direction of the steward. He receives the arms, accoutrements, and clothing of every patient admitted into the hospital. He sees that the clothes are immediately washed, numbered, and labelled with the name, regiment, and company of the patient, and put away in a place provided for that purpose; and if the arms and accoutrements are not brought with the patient, he must so report. He is responsible for the cleanliness of the patients and the wards, and must call the roll every morning and evening, and report all absentees. He must be particularly careful in the proper construction of the close stools, and see that they have always a proper quantity of water or charcoal in them, and that they are cleansed at least three times a day. He must see that the beds and bed-clothes are properly aired and exposed every fair day to the sun, that the straw in each bed-sack is changed at least once in every month, and that each patient is washed and his hair combed every morning. When a patient has died, or been discharged, he must see that the bed and bed-clothes are properly cleaned, and the straw burned, and that the nurses and attendants are kind and attentive to the sick and wounded. All the attendants are under his immediate direction, and he is responsible for the faithful performance of the duties assigned them*.

§18. IX. The judge advocates and the chaplains. A judge advocate to each division, of which there are eight, and a chaplain to each brigade, of which there are sixteen in the army.

19. The engineer corps was first instituted in 1802. This corps constitutes a military academy, which is stationed at West Point, in the state of New York; but all the members of the corps are subject, at all times, to do duty in such places, and on such service, as the president of the United States shall direct.

The corps, when complete, consists of a colonel, a lieutenantcolonel, 2 majors, 6 captains, 6 first and 6 second lieutenants, a paymaster, 4 serjeants, 4 corporals, a teacher of music and 8 musicians, 20 artificers, and 80 bombardiers, making an aggregate of 140 men. The number of cadets or pupils authorized is 250. The number on the first of June, 1814, was 164.

Besides the general hospitals, there is attached to each regiment a regimen. tal hospital, or infirmary, which is under the care of the regimental surgeon and his mates, who are empowered to send the wounded and chronic cases to the general hospital, and all the sick, in the event of their being ordered to be left

behind on a march.

VOL. III.

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