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Mary. I wished', Mamma', you would tell us about butter, sugar', and tea.

Jane. Why you know', sister', that butter is made of cream'; and that cream is the richest and lightest part of milk`.

Mary. Yes, I know that when the cows are milked', the dairy maid puts the new milk into wide, shallow pans', and in a few hours the cream rises to the top', and is then skimmed off and churned into butter'.

Jane. Ma', how does the churn act upon the cream to produce this effect'.

Ma. It moves the cream about quickly', and by that means expels all the milky parts', and leaves the oily portion in one collected mass`.

Jane. Is there only one way', ma', to make butter'?

Mary. Why what a foolish question', Jane'? You know there is only one way`.

Ma. Your sister's question', my child', is by no means so foolish as you seem to imagine'. There is more than one or two ways of separating the butter from the milk'. The mode which you have jointly described', is the most common'. In some parts of England', the process is by heat`. The pans are put upon stoves heated by charcoal. In a few minutes the cream comes to the top. When cool', the cream is taken off into a large bowl', and by being moved with the hand or a spatula', it is at once converted into butter`.

Jane. Ma', the principle is the same'; the difference is confined to the process; and I think', of the two', this is the better mode'.

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ARITHMETIC.-LESSON 19.

Division of Compound Terms.

RULE 3. When the divisor is more or less than the product of any two figures, work by long division, and for remainders

apply the 2d rule.

1. Divide £172

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Multiply the remainder by 20, because 20 of the next lower, make 1 of this higher, & add the next lower term to the product.

136

36 1st remainder.
20

68)726

68

68

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NOTE. In this operation the principles of reduction are involved. This rule might have been introduced, partially, at least, before multiplication or division of compound terms.

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Promiscuous exercises in Parsing, illustrative of the foregoing rules.

Him she pities. They teach us daily. She often sings to us most charmingly. You he feeds plentifully. Him he carries easily. Them you love heartily. Us it served faithfully. I run fast. He runs twice. We run often. Those sheep are white. These horses are fleshy. Five men drove twelve horses. Six boys shot forty birds. John says his new house smokes badly. The city of New-York contains one hundred and fifty thousand souls. Mary loves her book, her work, and her friends, and she is well beloved by the latter, and is conversant with the former. Your reason controuls

your passions. John respects his own friends and yours. Joseph's wife's youngest sister loves Emma's second brother. NOTE. When two or more nouns in the possessive case succeed each other, the first is governed by the second, and that by the third, and so on: for the thing pos sessed, governs the possessor. Hence,Joseph is governed by the noun wife's.

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Mary. But', Ma', I think I should not like such butter se well as ours. You say it is beat up by the hand!

Ma. I said, also, that it was done with a spatula. But', my child', is not all butter pressed and worked by the hands? Mary. Indeed', Ma', upon reflection', I believe it is`.

Ma. Then you see there is more in fancy' than in reality`. Little or no difference in the two modes exists in this respect'. Those, therefore, who affect disgust at either', show their delicacy' at the expense of sense'.

Jane. How! Mamma'? Do have the goodness to explain. Ma. Why', Jane', is not pastry, cakes, and bread made wholly by the hands'? Nay'; are there not many other things made in the same way', which we eat every day', without having our delicacy affected in the least'?

Jane. Why how silly and unmeaning we have often been'! Ma. That's true', my daughter'; we should not indulge in such little prejudices'; it is illiberal', unjust, and unreasonable'. Try to preserve candid and liberal opinions, not only towards the habits and customs of others', but towards their actions. We can generally find something to approve, and even admire in almost every one'.

Mary. Having described butter making, we ought to speak next of cheese`.

Jane. Yes'; cheese is also made of milk or cream'; but how I know not'.

Ma. Cheese is made, as you say, of milk' or cream', curded by being made warm and mixed with rennet.`

Mary. Rennet! what is that`,

Ma?

Ma. It is the stomach of a calf`; nay', Mary', dont tum up your little nose at it'; it is made perfectly clean before it is put into milk'. Is not the liver of a fowl considered a great delicacy', and the gizzard served up as a savory dish"? Mary. They are, indeed', Mamma'.

Ma. Can it be less cleanly to eat food prepared by the aid of the inside of one animal, than to eat the inside itself of another'? Do not the most refined epicures eat the whole of the wood cock, without the least reservation'?

Jane. I have been told they do`, Ma`; but I should not like to be an epicure'.

ARITHMETIC.--LESSON 23.

Exercises in the Division of Compound Terms.

1. A. bo't. 24 yards of cloth, for $47 87 5; what was it a yard? Ans. $1 99 4+

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2. B. sold 4 cwt. sugar for £18 - 17-6; what is the price of 1 cwt.? Ans. £4 14 - 4 2

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3. C. bought 1000 gallons of wine for £557 18 what is 1 gallon?

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Ans. £0

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11

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4. D. divided g150 - 2 - 1, among 89 men; what had each?

Ans. gl 2

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5. E. bought 63 cords of wood for $125; what was one

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Ans. $199 - 4+

25 of sugar among 19; what had Ans. co 1

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27+

7. G. sold his farm of 300 acres for $3875 50; what was that an acre?

Ans. $12 - 91 - 81+

S. H. bought b.450 3 2 of 16 different men; what had he of each? Ans. b28 0 - 5+

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Relative Pronouns. A relative pronoun is that which relates to some foregoing noun or pronoun, which is therefore called its antecedent.

Of this class there are only three; viz: who, which and that. But that, is a relative pronoun only when it can be changed into who or which.

Who, has case attached to it, and is capable of being declined, as: nom. who, possessive whose, odjective whom. Interrogative Pronouns. There are three interrogative pronouns, who, which, and what; for they are used in asking questions.

Who and which may relate to some foregoing noun, and be relatives at the same time they are interrogatives. Hence, relative, interrogative pronouns.

Which and what, may be joined to nouns, and become adjective pronouns, and still used interrogatively. Hence, adjective interrogative pronouns.

NOTE. There are many similar distinctions in the relations of words, and their application to practical purposes, all of which need not necessarily be known in order to constitute a sufficient acquaintance with the language.

SPELLING. LESSON 25.

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Ma. My daughters, I hope you will early learn to form just notions of persons' and things', and not allow yourselves to be carried away by fanciful whims', and fashionable caprice'; nor by the current of popular prejudice. Pray what preparation of food', can stand the test of minute investigation? But we have wandered from our subject'.

Jane. Yes', Ma'. You observed that milk or cream', was warmed', and then curdled by the aid of rennet.

Ma. The milk or cream is divided by this operation into two parts'; the curd or coagulated part', and the whey or watery part'.

The curd is pressed dry', and salted. It is then formed into one large mass', put into a hoop' or vat', and pressed together; this forms the cheese'.

Jane. What a useful article salt is!

Ma. It is, indeed', my child'; not only in giving food a pleasant flavour', but in preserving it from corruption. Mary. Then', Ma', do tell us something about it.

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