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What, in some of its relations, possesses powers and properties which cannot be given to any other word. It often becomes the subject of two verbs, or the subject and object of the same verb. It generally has the meaning of that which, or those which.

The man who rode the horse which was lame, called on the magistrate. The man that followed him, rode a horse that was blind, and whose ears were cropped. The horse which John rode, belongs to our neighbour, who owns many others, which he keeps for hire. Mary likes such fruit as is sweet. Joseph buys such horses as will work. The teacher likes such pupils as will improve. James loves what Moses hates. What is what among them. What pleases you, may please many. Give him what belongs to him.

SPELLING.

chan-tress tshǎn'tris

chan-try tshan'trē

chap-el tshǎpěl

chap-lain tshǎp'lin

chap-less tshap'lĕs
chap-let tshap'lět
chap-man tshắp mặn
chap-ter tshǎp'tur
char-coal tshâr köle
charg-er tshǎrg'ur
charm-er tshǎrm'ur
charm-ing tshärm'ing
char-nel tshår'něl
char-ter tshår tur
chat-tle tshǎt'tl
chat-ter tshat/tur

chat-ly tshǎt'lē

chee-quer tshek'ur

check-mate tshěk māte

LESSON 37.
cher-ish tshĕr ish
cher-ry tsher'rē
cher-ub tshĕr'ub
cher-up tsher up

chess-board tshes bord
chess-man tshes măn
chest-nut tshěst'nut
chick-en tshik'in
chick-weed tshik'weed
chil-blane tshil blane
chil-ly tshil'lē

chil-ness tshil'něs
chim-ney tshimnē
chin-cough tshin'kof
chinck-y tshink ́ē
chip-ping tship ́ing
chin-pur tshin'pur

chis-el tshiz'zěl

chit-chat tshit'tshat

READING. LESSON 38.

Use of Charcoal, Sulphur, &c.

Mary. Is charcoal, in this state, used in making powder', or is it first ground fine?

Ma. It is first powdered'; but it is used for many other purposes in the state in which it is charred; for instance, in those manufactures where a strong fire is required, without smoke'. But for polishing it is ground to fine dust; and in this state it is the best tooth powder known'.

Jane. Are not the fumes of charcoal', when burning', very unhealthy'?

Ma. They are', my child`, and should never be admitted into sleeping apartments. Many people have lost their lives by this careless use of it.

Jane. And now, ma', what is sulphur?

Ma. Sulphur is a simple, inflammable substance'; that is, it casily takes fire'. It emits a light, blue flame', and a most offensive and suffocating smell. It is found in the earth', united', generally, to some other substances'; but near volcanoes', it has been found in a pure state`.

Mary. Is it used for no other purpose than in making gunpowder'?

Mu. O yes, my child`, it is used for bleaching straw, worked into hats'; and also for medicine'.

Jane. Yes'; and it is very unpleasant to take'.

Ma. All medicines', my child', are rather unpalatable', and generally very powerful. Were they pleasant', we might be induced to use them to our destruction'.

ARITHMETIC.-LESSON 39.

Multiplication of Mixed Numbers.

RULE 1. When only one of the given terms is a mixed number, then multiply by the whole number, and take parts of the multiplicand for the fractions; the sum of these and the product will be the answer.

Thus: (1) 138X6

6

828

1382 69

693 344

9314

(2) 656X16310710. (3) 326X1241=41405

RULE 2. When both the given terms are mixed numbers, first multiply the whole number by the denominator of the fractions, and add in the numerator; then multiply the factors into each other, and divide the product, by the product of the two denominators.

16X14=

Thus: 16X8+3=131, and 14X8+5=117. Then 131X 117 15327 product. SXS 64, divisor. Finally 1532761 23931 Answer.

GRAMMAR.-LESSON 40.

Of Conjunctions.

Conjunctions are a part of speech used principally to connect words and sentences.

They are of two kinds; the Copulative conjunction, and the Disjunctive conjunction.

The copulative conjunction, connects words into one subject, or one object, as Mary and Jane write letters to their parents and friends.

It also connects sentences, by combining, both in number and sense, two or more simple sentences or numbers, into one compound sentence, as grass grows and water runs; and Providence directs both.

The copulative conjunctions are, and, if, that, then, since, for, both, because, therefore, further, besides, wherefore.

The disjunctive conjunction connects words into separate subjects, or objects, as, Mary or Jane writes letters to her parents or friends. It also connects and continues sentences, but it disjoins them in sense, or rather expresses an opposition of meaning in different degrees, as Mary is handsome though she is not rich. The grass grows, or water runs; and Providence directs it.

The disjunctive conjunctions are, but, or, nor, either, neither, whether, as, as well as, unless, yet, lest, except, though, notwithstanding, than.

SPELLING. LESSON 41.

chol-er kollur
chol-ick kŏl'lik
christ-ian krist'yen cir-cled ser'kld
christ-mas krist'mas cir-clet sĕr'klit
chron-ick kronik cir-cling ser'kling
chub-bed tshub'bid cir-cuit sĕr kit
chic-kle tshik'kl

sinque-foil sink'fòil civ-ick siv'ik
cir-cle ser'kl

chuf-fy tshuf'fe

cir-cus sirkus

cis-tern sis'turn

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civ-il siv-il

clam-ber klǎm/bur

clam-my klǎm'mē
clam-eur klăm'mur
clang-our klang gur
clap-per klǎp'pur
clar-et klar ret
clar-y klǎr'ē
clasp-er klǎsp'pur
clas-sick kǎs/sik

READING. LESSON 42.

Tea, and the Tea Plant.

Mary. I wish', Mamma', to know something about tea? I

have been told it is the dried leaf of a foreign shrub`; but that is all I remember about it'.

Ma. As the hour has not yet expired', I will tell you what I know of it. The tea plant is indigenous'; that is, it is a native of a foreign country. It grows in China', Japan', and Siam'. It requires a strong and warm soil Of this shrub', there are many varieties'; some very small and feeble', while others rise into large and handsome trees'. The shape of the leaf is similar to that of our cherry tree', though generally smaller`.

Jane. I have been told that what we call green tea', is dried on copper plates', and is less healthy than the other kinds`.

Ma. What you say', I believe', is true'. The black teas', as they are called', are dried on iron plates', and are not tinctured with the poisonous qualities of the heated copper'. Each leaf', after being wilted by the steam of boiling water', is rolled by the hand of a female'.

Jane. Do the plants grow from seeds', or from cuttings`? Ma. They grow from seeds. They are planted in the month of March'; six or eight seeds in a hill'; of these, probably, not more than two or three grow. These', at a certain age', are transplanted. They begin to yield', three years after, and continue until six or eight years old. The leaves then begin to lose their flavour', and the tree is removed to make room for a new shrub'.

Mary. If the shrub has seeds', it must also have blossoms`; I wonder what they are like'.

Ma. They are said to resemble our wild, white rose`; and the roots of the plant', are like those of our pear tree'.

ARITHMETIC.-LESSON 43.

Division of Mixed Numbers.

RULE. Multiply the given terms by the common denominator, and divide as in whole numbers; the quotient will be the answer.. Thus:

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GRAMMAR.-LESSON 44.

Exercises in Parsing.

RULE 13. Nouns or pronouns connected by a conjunction expressed or implied, must always be in the same case, as: James and Moses study daily.

In this example, James is a noun proper, third person, singular number, masculine gender, and one of the subjects of the verb study; and, is a copulative conjunction connecting the nouns James and Moses in the same case, rule 13. Moses is a noun proper, third person, singular number, masculine gender, and the other subject of the verb study. Study is an intransitive verb, third person, plural number, and agrees with its two subjects James and Moses, rule 1; daily is an adverb of time modifying the verb study, rule 8.

This boy improves hourly in his studies and manners. Between him and duty there is no strife. He devotes his days and nights to study and exercise. The one improves his mind, the other his body. He lives in a house beyond the brook, on a small lot near the side of the hill, next to the grove of oaks. Jane and Mary write at their desks, with pens on fine paper. Joseph walks with a cane, on the bridge, over the river which runs by the city. Time and tide wait for no man.

OBS. The words worth and like, when attached to a foregoing noun, govern the objective case, as: she sings like him, and plays like him, but writes like herself. She is not like him,

for she is worth him and all his family.

SPELLING.-LESSON 45.

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Mary. Ma', with our tea', we generally have sugar; wil you have the goodness to describe that next?

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