persecutor of the reformed. He preached a sermon at the martyrdom of Anne Askew and others, and aggravated their sufferings, by upbraiding them with their obstinacy in the most bitter terms. *

He was made suffragan to the bishop of Ely; and dying at Cambridge, August 4, 1556, was buried in the chapel of Gonville Hall.

37-1539. Hen. VIII.-31.

JOHN CAPON,

Doctor of laws at Cambridge, and abbot of Hyde, Winchester, was consecrated bishop of Bangor April 19, 1534. From thence he was translated to Salisbury, in August 1539; and probably owed this appointment to the interest of the roman catholic party; for soon after the check given to the progress of the reformation, by the disgrace of Cromwell, he acted as one of the judges, on an accusation of heresy preferred against four men of Windsor. On the accession of Edward the Sixth, bishop Capon conformed himself to the spirit of the times. He not only did not join the roman catholics, in their attempts to oppose the progress of the reformation, but was even one of the prelates chosen to correct the liturgy. When, however, the accession of Mary restored the ascendancy of the antient religion, he again displayed his natural character. He was one of the judges appointed to try Hooper, bishop of Gloucester, in 1555; and afterwards signalized his zeal in the persecution of the reformed. + This prelate died October 6, 1557, and his remains were deposited in the south part of the choir, near the throne.

* Burnet's Hist. Reform. v. 1.

p.

341.

Q

↑ Burnet's Hist. Reform. v. 1 and 2, passim.

PETER PETOW

Was appointed to this see by the pope, July 19, 1557. But the queen, though devoted to her religion, was no less attached to her prerogative; and would not suffer him to take possession. She nominated Francis Mallet, who received his temporalities October 14, 1588. Before his consecration took place, his patroness died; and the accession of Elizabeth gave a decisive triumph to the cause of the Reformation. Soon after this change he was ejected.

CHAPTER III.

BISHOPS of SALISBURY, subsequent to the Reformation. 1560-1813.

38-1560. Elizabeth.-2.

JOHN JEWEL,

One of the brightest luminaries which the Reformed Church of England has produced, was born at Buden, in the parish of Berinarber, Devon, May 24, 1522. Neither attention nor expence was spared in his education. By the care of John Bellamy, his maternal uncle, he was instructed in grammar learning; first at Branton, under Thomas Stotes; then at South Molton, under Anthony Simons; and finally at Barnstaple, under Walter Bowen. From this school Jewel went to the university of Oxford, in July 1535. At the At the age of thirteen he was entered at Merton College, under the tuition of John Parkhurst, afterwards bishop of Norwich, by whom he was

made portionist. He seconded the care of his able instructor by his own diligence. Rising at four in the morning, he continued his studies with little intermission till ten at night; and, by his industry and extraordinary capacity, acquired extensive knowledge in most branches of learning.

In August 1539 he was admitted student of Christ Church; and in the following year made bachelor of arts. Being qualified to give instruction, he soon obtained pupils; and performed the office of tutor with equal assiduity and success. As his acute and discerning mind had already detected the errors of the roman church, he instilled his own principles into such of his scholars, as were inclined to investigate the truth, and thus contributed to diffuse the doctrines of the reformed religion. About this period Jewel was appointed lecturer in rhetoric to his college, an office which he filled for seven years with distinguished applause. His lectures were attended by numerous auditors; and, among others, by his former tutor, Mr. Parkhurst, who was proud to witness the success of so promising and favourite a scholar. In 1544 he was made master of arts.

The death of Henry the Eighth, in 1547, relieving the partisans of the reformed doctrines from those apprehensions under which they had hitherto laboured, Jewel shewed more openly his dissent from the church of Rome. On the arrival of Peter Martyr, at Oxford, he was one of his hearers and admirers; and, as he was expert in short hand, he acted as notary in the dispute on the real presence, which that reformer held with Dr. Tresham, Dr. Cheadsey, and Morgan Phillips.

Jewel took the degree of bachelor of divinity in 1550, and greatly edified the university by his sermons. His principles having now become popular, he was presented the same year to the rectory of Sunningwell, near Abingdon.

On the accession of Mary he was one of the earliest victims to the persecuting spirit which then revived. Among the students of his college were many who adhered to the church of Rome, and who were consequently indignant at his success in propagating the reformed doctrines. Without waiting for the order which was expected from the court, they officiously expelled him, for his hostility to the religion which had regained the superiority. He first withdrew to Broadgate Hall, now Pembroke College, whither many of his pupils and friends still resorted to receive his instructions. Yet, notwithstanding his disgrace, his abilities were appreciated and respected; and his elegant pen was employed to draw up the university address to the queen.

The specious professions of the queen and her council, that they would force no man's conscience, induced him to remain at the university, after others, more timid, had withdrawn to places of safety. But he had soon cause to repent his confidence. When the test was offered to the members for subscription, he perceived his danger, and is said to have proceeded on foot to Cleeve, in order to consult his former master and friend, Dr. Parkhurst, with regard to the conduct which he ought to pursue.

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As Parkhurst had already fled to London, our reformer returned, disappointed and discouraged, to Oxford. Being suddenly caught by certain inquisitors, who ordered him, with threats, to subscribe,” he yielded to the suggestions of prudence or fear; yet he shewed his reluctance, by exclaiming, as he took the pen, Must I, too, set down my name? Have you a mind to see how well I can write?" The peril of the moment was thus averted; but he was too conscious of the approaching persecution, to hope for safety. Accordingly he seized the first opportunity to escape, passing on foot, and through bye ways, towards London.

His constitution, shaken by a sedentary life and the effects of intense study, was too weak to sustain this exertion; and he sunk down in the road, exhausted by fatigue and anxiety. In this situation he was found by Augustin Berner, a swiss, formerly servant to bishop Latimer, who, setting him on a horse, conducted him to the house of Lady Anne Warcope. Here he was concealed for a time, and then conveyed in safety to the metropolis, in the obscure streets of which he obtained a temporary asylum.

Being provided with money, he was assisted by a fellow collegian, Giles Lawrence, tutor to the children of Arthur Davey, who resided near the tower; and privately embarking on board ship, proceeded to the continent. Arriving at Frankfort, he found Dr. Saunders, afterwards archbishop of York, and other persons, voluntary exiles, like himself, on account of religion. The following Sunday he preached a sermon before his fellow sufferers. In the most pathetic manner he bewailed his momentary apostacy, and earnestly implored pardon of God, and the church to which he had given offence. Shortly after, he was invited to Strasburgh, by his friend Peter Martyr, who then kept a species of college, of which establishment Jewel became vice-master.

But a brighter day was now dawning on his native land. Queen Mary dying in 1558, the hopes of the reformers revived, on the accession of a princess who, like themselves, had suffered in the cause of truth; and Jewel, with his fellow exiles, joyfully returned to England. His distinguished merit, and devoted attachment to the reformed doctrines, speedily brought him into notice. He was one of the sixteen divines, who assisted at the celebrated disputation in Westminster Abbey; and the following year he was joined in the commission for visiting the different dioceses, and

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