NOTES.

Note 1, page 28, col. 2.

-descried of yore.

IN him was fulfilled the ancient prophecy

-venient annis

Secula seris, quibus Oceanus

Vincula rerum laxit, etc.

Seneca in Medea, v. 374.

ways from home.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 19. Nos pavıdı -at pater Anchises-lætus.

Note 8, page 28, col. 2.

What vast foundations in the Abyss are there.
Tasso employs preternatural agents on a similar
occasion,

Trappassa, ed ecco in quel silvestre loco
Sorge improvvisa la città del foco.

xiii, 33. Gli incanti d'Ismeno, che ingannano con delusioni, al Which Tasso has imitated in his Gierusalemme persuasioni, la qual si genera nella moltitudine, e tro non significano, che la falsità delle ragioni, e delle

Liberata:

"Thee hath it pleased-Thy will be done!" he said.
"It has pleased our Lord to grant me faith and as-
surance for this enterprise-He has opened my un-
derstanding, and made me most willing to go." See
his Life by his son, Ferd. Columbus, entitled, Hist. del

Almirante Don Christoval Colon, c. 4 and 37.
Note 4, page 28, col. 2.

Whose voice is truth, whose wisdom is from heaven. The compass might well be an object of superstition. A belief is said to prevail even at this day, that it will refuse to traverse when there is a dead body on board.-Hist. des Navig. aux Terres Australes.

Note 5, page 28, col. 2.

Columbus erred not. •

varietà de' pareri, e de' discorsi umani.

Note 9, page 28, col. 2.

Atlantic kings their barbarous pomp display'd.
See Plato's Timaeus; where mention is made of
mighty kingdoms, which, in a day and a night, had
disappeared in the Atlantic, rendering its waters un-
navigable.

Si quæras Helicen et Burin, Achaïdas urbes,
Invenies sub aquis.

At the destruction of Callao, in 1747, no more than one of all the inhabitants escaped; and he by a providence the most extraordinary. This man was on the fort that overlooked the harbor, going to strike the flag, when he perceived the sea to retire to a considerable distance; and then, swelling mountain-high, it returned with great violence. The people ran from their houses in terror and confusion; he heard a cry of Miserere rise from all parts of the city; and imme

diately all was silent; the sea had entirely over

whelmed it, and buried it for ever in its bosom: but the same wave that destroyed it, drove a little boat by the place where he stood, into which he threw himself and was saved.

Note 10, page 29, col. 1

"Land!" and his voice in faltering accents died. Historians are not silent on the subject. The sail ors, according to Herrera, saw the signs of an inun dated country (tierras anegadas); and it was the general expectation that they should end their lives there, as others had done in the frozen sea, "where St. Amaro suffers no ship to stir backward or forward.' F. COLUMBUS, C. 19.

Note 11, page 29, col. 1.

When these regions were to be illuminated, says
Acosta, cùm divino concilio decretum esset, prospec-
tum etiam divinitus est, ut tam longi itineris dux cer-
tus hominibus præberetur.-De Natura Novi Orbis.
A romantic circumstance is related of some early
navigator in the Histoire Gen. des Voyages, I. i. 2. “On
trouva dans l'ile de Cuervo une statue équestre, cou-slumber in the library of the Fathers.
verte d'un manteau, mais la tête nue, qui tenoit de la
main gauche la bride du cheval, et qui montroit l'oc-
cident de la main droite. Il y avoit sur le bas d'un
roc quelques lettres gravées, qui ne furent point en-
tendues; mais il parut clairement que le signe de la
main regardoit l'Amérique."

And (whence or why from many an age withheld).
The author seems to have anticipated his long

Note 6, page 28, col. 2.

Note 12, page 29, col. 1.

Hast led thy servant

"They may give me what name they please. I am servant of Him," etc.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 2. Note 13, page 29, col. 1.

From world to world their steady course they keep. As St. Christopher carried Christ over the deep waters, so Columbus went over safe, himself and his

He spoke, and, at his call, a mighty Wind. The more Christian opinion is that God, at the ength, with eyes of compassion as it were, looking company.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 1. downe from heaven, intended even then to rayse those windes of mercy, whereby.

-this newe

worlde receyved the hope of salvation.-Certaine Preambles to the Decades of the Ocean.

Note 7, page 28, col. 2.

Folded their arms and sat.

Note 14, page 29, col. 1.

And, rising, shoot in columns to the skies.
Water-spouts. See EDWARDS's History of the Wes
Indies, I. 12. Note.

Note 15, page 29, col. 1
Though changed my cloth of gold for amice grey.-

To return was deemed impossible, as it blew al

See the Inscription, p. 27.

Many of the first dis

coverers, if we may believe B. Diaz and other contemporary writers, ended their days in a hermitage, or a cloister.

Note 16, page 29, col. 1.

"T was in the deep, immeasurable cave
Of Andes.

Note 23, page 29, col. 2.

He spoke; and all was silence, all was night! These scattered fragments may be compared shreds of old arras, or reflections from a river broken and confused by the oar; and now and then perhaps the imagination of the reader may supply more than Vast indeed must be those dismal regions, if it be is lost. Si qua latent, meliora putat. "It is remarkatrue, as conjectured (Kircher. Mund. Subt. I. 202), ble," says the elder Pliny, "that the Iris of Aristides, that Etna, in her eruptions, has discharged twenty the Tyndarides of Nicomachus, and the Venus of times her original bulk. Well might she be called by Apelles, are held in higher admiration than their Euripides (Troades, v. 222) The Mother of Mountains; finished works." And is it not so in almost everything? yet Etna herself is but "a mere firework, when compared to the burning summits of the Andes."

Note 17, page 29, col. 2.

Call up him that left half-told
The story of Cambuscan bold-
Note 24, page 30, col. 1.
The soldier, etc.

One-half the globe; from pole to pole confess'd. Gods, yet confessed later.-MILTON.Ils ne lais- In the Lusiad, to beguile the heavy hours at sea, sent pas d'en être les esclaves, et de les honorer plus Veloso relates to his companions of the second watch que le grand Esprit, qui de sa nature est bon.- the story of the Twelve Knights. L. vi. LAFITAU.

Note 18, page 29, col. 2.

Where Plata and Maragnon meet the main.

Note 25, page 30, col. 1.

So Fortune smiled, careless of sea or land'
Among those who went with Columbus, were many

Rivers of South America. Their collision with adventurers, and gentlemen of the court. Primero was the tide has the effect of a tempest.

Note 19, page 29, col. 2.

Of Huron or Ontario, inland seas.

Lakes of North America. Huron is above a thousand miles in circumference. Ontario receives the waters of the Niagara, so famous for its falls; and discharges itself into the Atlantic by the river St. Lawrence.

Note 20, page 29, col. 2.

By Ocean severed from a world of shade

the

game then in fashion.-See VEGA, p. 2, lib. iii, c. 9 Note 26, page 30, col. 1.

Yet who but He undaunted could explore. Many sighed and wept; and every hour seemed a year, says Herrera.-I, i, 9 and 10.

Note 27, page 30, col. 2.

The solemn march, the vows in concert given. His public procession to the convent of Rábida on the day before he set sail. It was there that his sons had received their education; and he himself appears

La plupart de ces îles ne sont en effet que des to have passed some time there, the venerable Guardpointes de montagnes: et la mer, qui est au-delà, est une vrai mer Méditerranée.-BUFFON.

ian, Juan Perez de Marchena, being his zealous and affectionate friend. The ceremonies of his departure and return are represented in many of the fresco paintings in the palaces of Genoa.

Note 28, page 30, col. 2.

While his dear boys-ah, on his neck they hung.

But I was most afflicted, when I thought of my two sons, whom I had left behind me in a strange | country- -before I had done, or at least could be known to have done, anything which might incline your highnesses to remember them. And though I comforted myself with the reflection that our Lord would not suffer so earnest an endeavor for the ex

Alluding to the oracles of the Islanders, so soon to become silent; and particularly to a prophecy, deliv: ered down from their ancestors, and sung with loud lamentations (Petr. Martyr. dec. 3, lib. 7) at their sol-altation of his church to come to nothing, yet I con

emn festivals (Herrera, I, iii, 4) that the country would be laid waste on the arrival of strangers, completely clad, from a region near the rising of the sun. Ibid. II, 5,2 It is said that Cazziva, a great Cacique, after long fasting and many ablutions, had an interview with one of the Zemi, who announced to him this terrible event (F. Columbus, c. 62), as the oracles of Latona, according to Herodotus (II, 152) predicted the overthrow of eleven kings of Egypt, on the appearance of men of brass, risen out of the sea.

Nor did this prophecy exist among the Islanders alone. It influenced the councils of Montezuma, and extended almost universally over the forests of America. Cortes. Herrera. Gomara. "The demons whom they worshipped,' says Acosta, " in this instance told them the truth."

sidered that, on account of my unworthiness," etc.F. COLUMBUS, c. 37.

Note 29, page 30, col. 2.

The great Gonzalo.

Gonzalo Fernandes, already known by the name of the Great Captain. Granada surrendered on the 2d of January, 1492. Columbus set sail on the 3d of August following.

Note 30, page 30, col. 2.
Though Roldan, etc.

Probably a soldier of fortune. There were more than one of the name on board.

Note 31, page 31, col. 1.

The Cross shone forth in everlasting light!
The Cross of the South; " una Croce maravigliosa.e

Oh had I perish'd, when my failing frame.
His miraculous escape, in early life, during a sea-

Northern extremity of the New World.-See fight off the coast of Portugal.-Ibid. c. 5.
Cook's last Voyage.

the street of Tlacopan, still goes by the name of LA particular assistance; like Moses when he led forth

Salve, regina. Herrera, I, i, 12.—It was the usual Undoubtedly, says Herrera, the Infernal Spirit as-service, and always sung with great solemnity. "I sumed various shapes in that region of the world.

remember one evening," says Oviedo, "when the ship was in full sail, and all the men were on their knees, singing Salve, regina,” etc. Relacion Sommaria.-.

The original passage is here translated at full The hymn, O Sanctissima, is still to be heard after

sunset along the shores of Sicily, and its effect may be better conceived than described. See BRYDONE, I, 330.

Note 48, page 31, col. 2.
Chosen of Men!

Note 56, page 32, col. 1.
What long-drawn tube, etc.

For the effects of the telescope, and the mirror, on an uncultivated mind, see WALLIS's Voyage round the World, c. 2 and 6.

Note 57, page 32, col. 2.

Through citron-groves, and fields of yellow maize. Ætas est illis aurea. Apertis vivunt hortis. P. MAR TYR, dec. i, 3.

Note 58, page 32, col. 2.

I believe that he was chosen for this great service;| and that, because he was to be so truly an apostle, as in effect he proved to be, therefore was his origin obscure; that therein he might resemble those who were called to make known the name of the Lord from seas and rivers, and not from courts and palaces. And I believe also, that, as in most of his doings he was guarded by some special providence, his very The wild cotton-tree, often mentioned in History name was not without some mystery: for in it is ex-Cortes," says Bernal Diaz, " took possession of the pressed the wonder he performed; inasmuch as he country in the following manner. Drawing his sword, conveyed to a new world the grace of the Holy he gave three cuts with it into a great Ceiba, and Ghost, etc.-F COLUMBUS, c. 1.

Note 49, page 31, col. 2.

First from the prow to hail the glimmering light.

A light in the midst of darkness, signifying the spiritual light that he came to spread there.-F. CoLUMBUS, C. 22. HERRERA, I, i, 12.

Note 50, page 32, col. 1.

Pedro Rodrigo!

Pedro Gutierrez, a Page of the King's Chamber; Rodrigo Sanchez of Segovia, Comptroller of the Fleet.

Note 51, page 32, col. 1.

Slowly, bare-headed, through the surf we bore
The sacred cross.

Signifying to the Infernal powers (all' infierno todo) the will of the Most High, that they should renounce a world over which they had tyrannized for so many ages.-OVALLE, iv, 5.

Note 52, page 32, col. 1.

But what a scene was there!

said

Ceiba.

Note 59, page 32, col. 2.

There sits the bird that speaks!

The Parrot, as described by Aristotle.-Hist. Antmal. viii, 12.

Note 60, page 32, col. 2.

Half bird, half fly.

Here are birds so small, says Herrera, that though they are birds, they are taken for bees or butterflies. Note 61, page 32, col. 2.

-the fairy king of flowers.

The Humming-bird. Kakopit (florum regulus) is the name of an Indian bird, referred to this class by Seba.

Note 62, page 32, col. 2.

Reigns there, and revels, etc.

There also was heard the wild cry of the Flamingo
What clarion winds along the yellow sands?
Far in the deep the giant-fisher stands,

Folding his wings of flame.

Note 63, page 32, col. 2.

Soon in the virgin's graceful ear to shine.

Il sert après sa mort a parer les jeunes Indiennes, portent en pendans d'oreilles deux de ces char

"This country excels all others, as far as the day surpasses the night in splendor.-Nor is there a better people in the world. They love their neighbor as qui themselves; their conversation is the sweetest imagin-mans oiseaux.-BUFFon. able, their faces always smiling and so gentle, so affectionate are they, that I swear to your Highnesses," etc.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 30, 33.

says Herodotus, the children bury their fathers; in time of war the fathers bury their children! But the Gods have willed it so.-I, 87.

Note 68, page 33, col. 1.
Cazziva.-

Note 79, page 33, col. 2.

Thy reverend form.

His person, says Herrera, had an air of grandeur His hair, from many hardships, had long been grey. In him you saw a man of an unconquerable courage, and high thoughts; patient of wrongs, calm in adver An ancient Cacique, in his life-time and after his sity, ever trusting in God :—and, had he lived in andeath, employed by the Zemi to alarm his people.-cient times, statues and temples would have been See F. COLUMBUS, c. 62.

Note 69, page 33, col. 1.

Unseen, unheard!-Hence, Minister of Ill.

The Author is speaking in his inspired character. Hidden things are revealed to him, and placed before his mind as if they were present.

Note 70, page 33, col. 1.

-too soon shall they fulfil.

Nor could they, (the Powers of Darkness) have more effectually prevented the progress of the Faith, than by desolating the New World; by burying nations alive in mines, or consigning them in all their errors to the sword.-Relacion de B. DE LAS CASAS.

Note 71, page 33, col. 1.

When forth they rush as with the torrent's sweep. Not man alone, but many other animals, became extinct there.

Note 72, page 33, col. 2.

Who among us a life of sorrow spent.

For a summary of his life and character, see "An Account of the European Settlements."-P. I, c. 8.

Note 73, page 33, col. 2.

Signs like the ethereal bow-that shall endure.

erected to him without number, and his name would have been placed among the stars.

Here, in His train, shall arts and arms attend. "There are those alive," said an illustrious orator, "whose memory might touch the two extremities. Lord Bathurst, in 1704, was of an age to comprehend such things-and, if his angel had then drawn up the curtain, and, whilst he was gazing with admiration,

It is remarkable that these phenomena still remain had pointed out to him a speck, and had told him, among the mysteries of nature.

Note 75, page 33, col. 2.

And dash the floods of ocean to the stars.

Young man, there is America-which, at this day,
serves for little more than to amuse you with stories
of savage men and uncouth manners; yet shall, be
fore you taste of death,' etc."-BURKE in 1775.
Note 84, page 34, col. 1.

Assembling here, etc.

How simple were the manners of the early colonists! The first ripening of any European fruit was When he entered the Tagus, all the seamen ran distinguished by a family-festival. Garcilasso de la from all parts to behold, as it were some wonder, a Vega relates how his dear father, the valorous Anship that had escaped so terrible a storm.-F. COLUM-dres, collected together in his chamber seven or eight BUS, C. 40.

Note 76, page 33, col. 2.

And Thee restore thy Secret to the Deep.

I wrote on a parchment that I had discovered what I had promised;—and, having put it into a cask,

threw it into the sea.-Ibid. c, 37.

Note 77, page 33, col. 2.

gentlemen to share with him three asparaguses, the first that ever grew on the table-land of Cusco. When the operation of dressing them was over (and it is minutely described) he distributed the two largest among his friends; begging that the company

would not take it ill, if he reserved the third for him self, as it was a thing from Spain.

North America became instantly an asylum for the To other eyes, from distant cliff descried. oppressed; Huguenots, and Catholics, and sects of Balboa immediately concluded it to be the ocean every name and country. Such were the first settlers for which Columbus had searched in vain; and when, in Carolina and Maryland, Pennsylvania and New at length, after a toilsome march among the moun- England. Nor is South America altogether without tains, his guides pointed out to him the summit from a claim to the title. Even now, while I am writing. which it might be seen, he commanded his men to the ancient house of Braganza is on its passage across halt, and went up alone.-HERRERA, I, x, 1. the Atlantic,

Note 78, page 33, col. 2.

Ilung in thy chamber, buried in thy grave.

I always saw them in his room, and he ordered

Cum sociis, natoque, Penatibus, et magnis dîs.
Note 85, page 34, col. 1.

Untouch'd, shall drop the fetters from the slave. Je me transporte quelquefois au-delà d'un siécio. them to be buried with his body.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 86. [J'y vois le bonheur à côté de l'industrie, la dour