practically the whole of Volume V. of "The Times History of the War in South Africa came from his pen. He married an American and had two sons.

25. Horace Smith, aged 86, for nearly thirty years a London Police Magistrate, and also a poet and writer of much charm, was the son of a merchant. He was educated at Highgate School, King's College, London, and Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and was called to the Bar by the Inner Temple in 1862. He became Recorder of Lincoln in 1881 and in 1888 was appointed a Metropolitan Police Magistrate, sitting first at Dalston and Clerkenwell, afterwards at Westminster. He retired in 1917. He was known not only as the author and editor of legal works but as the compiler of several volumes of poems. He also contributed to Punch. He left a widow, three sons and three daughters. His eldest son is headmaster of Sherborne.

26. Henry John Elwes, F.R.S., botanist and traveller, was the grandson of the architect, John Elwes, who built Portland Place, Portman Square, and a great part of Marylebone. Born in 1846, he was educated at Eton and abroad and served for five years in the Scots Guards. A traveller over many continents, he was, in 1886, scientific member of the Indian Embassy to Tibet. He was at one time vice-president of the Royal Horticultural Society and was connected with other kindred bodies. He will be remembered for his monumental work, written between 1906 and 1913, on "The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland." He left a son and daughter.

Harry J. Powell, aged 69, was one of the earliest English pioneers in the scientific manufacture of glass. He not only improved the nature and colour of stained glass, but was a designer of the first rank. The results of his glass-making experiments can be seen in the windows of Salisbury, Liverpool, and New York cathedrals. The vacuum flask, invented by Sir James Dewar, was first made by him, and during the war he worked out a special glass which the Admiralty used in connexion with submarine mines. At the time of his death he was completing a book, "Glass-making in England."

27. Mrs. Alice Meynell, the distinguished poetess, was the younger daughter of Mr. J. T. Thompson, her sister being Lady Butler, the famous "battle-scene" artist. She was brought up in Italy and while still in her girlhood produced "Preludes,” a small volume of poetry of most remarkable and subtle distinction, which aroused immediate admiration in the literary world. For many years after her marriage to Wilfrid Meynell, a journalist of note, she published no more volumes of poetry, but her prose contributions to literary magazines and dailies, notably to the Pall Mall Gazette, were eagerly absorbed by the discriminating reader, so lofty and refined were her style and matter. She also did excellent work as a reviewer. Although her poetical output, for so long a life, was comparatively small, about a quarter of it belonging to her last year, it was all of a unique choiceness and refinement. The exquisite "Shepherdess of Sheep" is perhaps her best-known poem. Much of the verse of Francis Thompson, whom she befriended, was written of and to her. She left a widower and a large family.

28. Monsieur Gounaris, the best known of the five Greek ex-Ministers executed at Athens for high treason (see under Greece), was Finance Minister in 1908-9 and Prime Minister from March to August, 1915. He was deported in 1917 but returned to Athens in 1920, as War Minister first, then again as Prime Minister, resigning the latter position in May, 1922.

Nicholas Stratos, also executed at Athens for high treason, first held office in 1909. After serving as Minister of Marine under Venezelos, he deserted the Venezelist Party and became an Independent.

28. Nicholas Theotokis came of a good Corfiote family and made a name as a diplomatist. He served as War Minister during practically the whole period of the Constantinian restoration. He and the three undermentioned gentlemen shared the fate of Mm. Gounaris and Stratos.

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General Hadjianestis was placed by Theotokis in command of the Greek Army in Asia. He accompanied King Constantine into exile in Switzerland. He was accused of showing complete incapacity during the retreat from the Turkish onslaught at Afrun Karahissar.

Monsieur Baltazzis was Minister for Foreign Affairs under Gounaris in the Cabinet formed in April, 1921.

Monsieur Protopapadakis was Minister of Finance for five months in 1915 under Gounaris, and was also Minister of Finance and Supplies in 1921 and 1922. He became Prime Minister in May, 1922.

30. Sir Norman Moore, Bart., M.D., who was in his 76th year, was a Lancashire man, and was educated at Owens College, Manchester, and St. Catherine's College, Cambridge. He then entered as a medical student at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, where the whole of his working life was spent, and to which institution he rendered remarkable service, ending his career as consulting physician to the hospital from 1911 to the date of his death. Possessing considerable literary gifts, he was even better known as a biographer, especially of medical men, than as a physician, and contributed over four hundred articles to the "Dictionary of National Biography." His written works covered a variety of subjects -topography, etymology, medical science, biography. A "History of St. Bartholomew's Hospital," on which he had spent the leisure time of thirty years, was published by him in 1918. He was created a Baronet in 1919. He was twice married and left a son and a daughter. son was killed in the war.

One

Sir Isaac Bayley Balfour, K.B.E., who had held the Chair of Botany at Edinburgh for thirty-four years, was born in 1853, and was the son of John Hutton Balfour, who had held the same Chair for a similar term of years. He was educated at Edinburgh, Strassburg, and Würzburg Universities, and at the age of 26 was appointed Regius Professor of Botany in Glasgow University, removing to fill the Sherardian Professorship of Botany at Oxford four years later. At Oxford he helped to found The Annals of Botany and was one of its editors. At the time of his death it was the first botanical journal in the world. From 1888 until his resignation in 1921 he occupied the Edinburgh Chair of Botany, being also King's Botanist for Scotland and Regius Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. He was especially distinguished as a systematic botanist, and his whole career was fruitful of discovery and practical result to botanical science. He was created K.B.E. in 1920. He left a daughter, his only son having died during the war.

DECEMBER.

4. Sir Francis Fleming, K.C.M.G., aged 80, was called to the Bar by the Middle Temple in 1866. Starting his colonial career as Crown Solicitor for Mauritius, he had, on his retirement in 1901, held office in eleven colonies. His experience included the Colonial Secretaryship of Mauritius and of Hong-Kong, and the Governorship (1892-95) of Sierra Leone and (1895-1901) of the Leeward Islands. He was known as a leading Roman Catholic layman. He was created C.M.G. in 1887 and K.C.M.G. in 1892. His only child, a son, was killed in the Great War.

8. Sir Ernest George, R.A., a distinguished architect, was born in London in 1839, and received his artistic education in the Royal Academy Schools, where, in 1859, he won the gold medal for Architecture. He began to practice two years later with Thomas Vaughan as a partner, on

whose death in 1871 he was joined by Harold Peto, and later by A. B. Yates, all well-known men in the profession. His work lay chiefly in designing country houses, the list of which is a long one and covers many of the southern and western counties of England. His work is also to be seen in London, notably in Harrington Gardens and Collingham Gardens, Kensington, the whole of which streets were designed by him. So were the Royal Exchange Buildings, the Royal Academy of Music at Marylebone, and the Golders Green Crematorium. The Shirpur Palace in India must not be forgotten. Sir Ernest received in 1896 the Gold Medal for Architecture bestowed annually by the Sovereign. In 1908-9 he was President of the Royal Institute of British Architects. He was elected an A. R.A. in 1910 and an R.A. in 1917, and was knighted in 1911.

9. Lord Sudeley (Charles Douglas Richard Hanbury-Tracy), whose age was 64, will be remembered chiefly for his efforts, from 1910, to promote the better educational use of museums and picture galleries by means of guide lecturers. His naval career was cut short in 1863 by the death of his father, the second Baron. He began reading for the Bar and entered Parliament, representing Montgomery from 1863 to 1877 as a Liberal, in which latter year he succeeded his elder brother in the peerage as the fourth Baron Sudeley. From 1880 to 1885 he was Lordin-waiting to Queen Victoria. In Parliament he showed great activity, especially in connexion with naval schemes, and his ability was generally recognised both there and in wider circles. He was for seventeen years on the board of the P. and O. Steamship Company and was a director of the engineering firm of Sir William Armstrong & Co. Owing to his untiring advocacy, late in life, museums gradually developed into educational instruments of increasingly recognised value. He married, in 1868, Ada, daughter of the Hon. Frederick J. Tollemache, and niece of the eighth Earl of Dysart, and had three sons and five daughters. His wife, with one son and four daughters, survived him.

12. Thomas W. Lyster, ex-librarian of the National Library of Ireland, was born in Co. Kilkenny in 1855. He was educated at a Dublin school and Trinity College, Dublin, became Assistant Librarian in the National Library in 1878 and Chief Librarian in 1895. Under his care the library increased enormously in importance. He was the author of some valuable books, which included a translation of Düntzer's "Life of Goethe," and edited Hall's "History of English Literature" and a volume of English poetry for young students which became a standard text-book.

John Wanamaker, the founder of the world-known department stores in the U.S.A., was born in Philadelphia in 1838, of very humble origin, and started life as an errand boy. Having, with much care and thrift, amassed a little capital, he and a friend started a small clothing shop in Philadelphia. In 1876 he started his first department store in that city, and in 1896 opened in New York a similar establishment, which was highly successful. He served as Postmaster-General from 1889-93 and held various important positions on religious societies, notably the

Y.M.C.A.

Mrs. Irene Osgood was of Franco-Spanish descent, was born in Virginia, but lived for most of her life in France and England. She made her name as the author of several books on birds, and also wrote a number of novels. She married first Mr. Osgood (whose name she finally resumed), secondly, Captain C. P. Harvey, thirdly Mr. Robert Harborough, the author.

14. Herbert Burrows, aged 77, a co-founder with the late Mr. H. M. Hyndman (see "A.R.," Obituary, 1921, p. 155) of the Social Democratic Federation, was the son of a Chartist leader and peace advocate. After being a pupil teacher, he entered the Inland Revenue service, where he

remained for forty years. He had been actively interested in Socialism since 1870. He also took an active part in the peace movement, and sat on the National Peace Council and on the committees of the International Arbitration and Peace Association and the International Arbitration League.

15. Eliezer Ben Jehuda, the famous Hebrew lexicographer, who died at Jerusalem, was born near Vilna in 1858, his family name being Perlman. He went to Palestine in 1870 and had been settled at Jerusalem since 1881. The pioneer of domestic, as contrasted with purely literary Hebrew, and probably the first to make Hebrew the language of the home, Ben Jehuda was for many years engaged on the compilation of an exhaustive dictionary of the Hebrew language. Though still incomplete at the time of his death, the dictionary is a most valuable achievement, from a literary as well as a practical standpoint.

Sydney Prior Hall, M.V.O., aged 80, was well known as a painter of Court ceremonials. His pictures included the marriage of the Duke and Duchess of Connaught for Queen Victoria and that of the Princess Royal and the Duke of Fife for King Edward VII. Educated at Merchant Taylors' School and Pembroke College, Oxford, he executed some noteworthy illustrations in the Franco-Prussian War and later accompanied various members of the Royal Family on foreign tours. He married, first Emma Holland, then Mary Gow, the water-colourist.

16. Lord Marcus Talbot de la Poer Beresford, K.C.V.O., was the fourth son of the fourth Marquess of Waterford, and was born on Xmas Day, 1848. Almost his entire career was connected with the Turf, on which he was a great figure. A personal friend of King George and King Edward, he was, for over thirty years, in charge of the Royal racing stables. He had been Extra Equerry to the King since 1890. He was created M.V.O. in 1901, C. V.O. in 1909, and K.C.V.O. in 1918. His wife, the eldest daughter of Major-General C. W. Ridley, C.B., predeceased him in 1920, leaving no children.

Gabriel Narutowicz, who was elected first President of Poland on December 10, was assassinated in Warsaw six days later on the occasion of his first public appearance. He was born in 1865 at Telschi, in the Government of Kovno, and was educated at St. Petersburg, then in Zürich as an engineer. He became a Professor in Zürich University and for many years took a prominent part in Swiss engineering. After the Great War he was appointed Polish Minister of Public Works under Grabski, and later Minister of Foreign Affairs, resigning this position to fill the presidency, to which he was elected by the combined votes of the Left Parties and the National Minorities.

18. Sir Carl Ferdinand Meyer, Bart., who was in his 71st year, was born in Hamburg of Jewish parents, and was naturalised a British subject in 1877. He was well known as a mining magnate and held important positions on the boards of the chief South African mining concerns. He was a supporter of the Shakespeare National Memorial Theatre, towards which, in 1909, he gave 70,000l. He was created a baronet in 1910. His wife, formerly Miss Adèle Levis, with a son and daughter, all of whom were admitted into the Catholic Church, survived him.

20. The Maharajah of Cooch Behar (Sir Jitendra Narayan Bhup Bahadur, K.C.S.I.), who died in London on his 36th birthday, had, like his father, a friend of King Edward VII., made England his second home. His marriage-a love match-with Princess Indra, daughter of the Gaekwar of Baroda, in London, in 1913, aroused much interest. In the same year he succeeded his elder brother as Maharajah. He left two sons and three daughters.

20. Aubyn B. R. Trevor-Battye, who was born in 1855, was the second son of the Rev. W. W. Battye. He studied natural science at Oxford University and became an explorer. He was the first Englishman to explore Kolguev Island in Barent's Sea, and was zoologist to the Conway Arctic Expedition in 1896. He wrote and edited a number of books on travel and natural history.

21. Sir Edmund Robbins, K.B.E., a well-known journalist and for many years manager of the Press Association, was born in 1847, the second son of Mr. Richard Robbins of Launceston. At the age of 11 he was apprenticed to a local paper, and in 1865 came to London to serve on the Central Press, becoming one of the chief sub-editors. When the Press Association was formed in 1870 he was appointed one of the three principal sub-editors and acquired the managership ten years later. During the war and afterwards he was Secretary of the Admiralty, War Office, and Press Committee. The K.B.E. was conferred on him in 1917. His special aim in connexion with the Press Association was the distribution of accurate and politically impartial news. His wife and three of his four sons survived him.

22. Professor Friedrich Delitzsch, the well-known German Assyriologist, was the son of the theologian, Franz Delitzsch, and was born in 1850. He studied at Leipzig University, where he was appointed Extraordinary Professor of Semitic Studies at the early age of twenty-seven. In 1881 he wrote "Where was Paradise?" in which he identified the Garden of Eden with Mesopotamia. Two lectures, entitled "Babel and Bible," delivered in 1903, aroused a storm of criticism from German Evangelists. He became Professor of Semitic Studies at Breslau in 1893 and at Berlin in 1899.

23. Sydney Southgate Pawling, head of the famous publishing firm of William Heinemann, Ltd., was one of the most prominent personalities in the publishing world. Born in 1862, he came, owing to the death of both his parents, under the guardianship of his uncle, Charles E. Mudie, the founder of Mudie's Library. He went to Mill Hill School, then worked for sixteen years in his uncle's business. In 1893 he and William Heinemann set up together as publishers, and the firm soon rose to fame. H. G. Wells, W. E. Henley, and many other literary and artistic celebrities were associated with the firm from their early days.

24. Emil Frey, once President of the Swiss Federal Council, and a radical leader of note, was born in 1838 and educated at Basle and Jena University. He took part, as a volunteer, in the American Civil War, and entered home politics as a member of the governing body of Basle in 1866, at the same time occupying an editorial post on the radical Busler Nachrichten. From 1882 he was for some years Ambassador to the U.S. A. and returned to Switzerland to become, in 1890, a member of the Federal Council, being elected its President in 1894. He did notable legislative work in connexion with the Army and with the protection of workers.

25. Professor George Samuel Sale, M.A., aged 91, who had held the Chair of Classics in Otago University, New Zealand, for thirty-seven years, was in turn, miner, farmer, administrator, editor, and teacher. Born at Rugby in 1831, his father being a schoolmaster, he was educated there, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he obtained a fellowship and classical lectureship. Emigrating to New Zealand on account of his health, he took up sheep farming, then became editor of the Press, a leading Christchurch paper. His next experiences were on the Otago goldfields, and were followed by administrative posts under the Government of Canterbury. In 1870, upon the foundation of Otago University, he was appointed to the Chairs of Classics and English Literature, abandoning the latter chair in 1877 and resigning that of Classics in 1908.

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