The Victim as Hero: Ideologies of Peace and National Identity in Postwar JapanUniversity of Hawaii Press, 2001/04/01 - 280 ページ This is the first systematic, historical inquiry into the emergence of "victim consciousness" (higaisha ishiki) as an essential component of Japanese pacifist national identity after World War II. In his meticulously crafted narrative and analysis, the author reveals how postwar Japanese elites and American occupying authorities collaborated to structure the parameters of remembrance of the war, including the notion that the emperor and his people had been betrayed and duped by militarists. He goes on to explain the Japanese reliance on victim consciousness through a discussion of the ban-the-bomb movement of the mid-1950s, which raised the prominence of Hiroshima as an archetype of war victimhood and brought about the selective focus on Japanese war victimhood; the political strategies of three self-defined war victim groups (A-bomb victims, repatriates, and dispossessed landlords) to gain state compensation and hence valorization of their war victim experiences; shifting textbook narratives that reflected contemporary attitudes and structured future generations' understanding of the war; and three classic antiwar novels and films that contributed to the shaping of a "sentimental humanism" that continues to leave a strong imprint on the collective Japanese conscience. |
目次
Victims Victimizers and Mythology | 1 |
Leaders and Victims Personal War Responsibility During the Occupation | 14 |
Hiroshima and Yuiitsu no hihakukoku Atomic Victimhood in the Antinuclear Peace Movement | 36 |
Educating a PeaceLoving People Narratives of War in Postwar Textbooks | 69 |
Sentimental Humanism The Victim in Novels and Film | 104 |
Compensating Victims The Politics of Victimhood | 135 |
Beyond the Postwar | 171 |
Appendixes | 179 |
Notes | 183 |
Bibliography | 241 |
Index | 255 |
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aggression American antinuclear antiwar Asahi shinbun Asia Asian asserted Atarashii shakai atomic bomb atomic bomb victims atomic victimhood August ban-the-bomb movement Black Rain Chinese compensation conservative cultural democratic Diet early efforts emperor essay ethnic nation example film forced Gensuibaku kinshi Gomikawa groups Hatoyama Heiwa hibakusha Hikiage Hiroshima and Nagasaki human hydrogen bomb Ibuse issue Japa Japanese Japanese government junior high text Kaji Kaji's Kokkai kokumin Korean Kuroi ame Kyōiku Shuppan Kyōkasho land reform landlords leadership liberation Lucky Dragon ment militarist Ministry minshū minzoku Nagasaki narratives nese Ningen nuclear weapons Occupation Õishi overseas assets Pacific Pacific War pacifist party patriotic peace movement people's percent petition movement political prewar rekishi repatriates responsibility Satō SCAP sekai sekinin Sengo sense sensō sentiment Shisō shōsha Shōwa social Socialists suffering Suginami textbooks tion Tokyo Tōkyō Shoseki Twenty-Four Eyes undō University victim consciousness victim experience wartime welfare Yoshida Zenren