DUNNE. Yes, my lord, I do.

L.C.J. Dost thou think that that God of truth may immediately sink thee into hell-fire if thou tellest a lie?

DUNNE. I do, my lord.

L.C.J. Dost thou believe, that he dost observe everything that thou thinkest, sayest, or doest; knows the secrets of thy heart, and knows whether thou tellest a lie or not, though perhaps it may be hid from us; and knows whether thou dost prevaricate or not?

DUNNE. I know, the Lord does know all things.

L.C.J. Dost thou believe, that he knows the business that you and my lady the prisoner were talking of, as well as you do; that he hath an almighty power over all his creatures, an all-piercing eye, that looks into the hearts of every one of them, and from which nothing can be concealed? Dost thou believe it possible to conceal that very discourse of yours from the knowledge of that infinite Being?

DUNNE. My lord, I do believe that there is a God above.

L.C.J. I ask thee then again; dost thou believe, that that God above, who is a God of truth himself, is omniscient, omnipresent, to whom all truth is naked and open, that he knows everything that is either thought, said or done by any of his creatures, sees and knows the hearts of all men; dost thou believe all this? [He stood silent for a good while.]

L.C.J. He is going to ask that man there whether he shall tell the truth.

DUNNE. No, my lord, I ask no man any such question.

L.C.J. Prithee tell us the truth then now: Thou art to know, that thou standest in the presence of the God of truth, and hast called him to witness, that thou wouldst tell the truth.

DUNNE. My lord, I do tell the truth, as far as I can remember.

L.C.J. Then what was that you told my lady Lisle, Barter did not know?

DUNNE. What Barter did not know, my lord?

L.C.J. Ay, is not that a plain question? Of all the witnesses that ever I met with, I never saw thy fellow.

[He stood a good while, and made no answer.]

L.C.J. I hope, gentlemen of the jury, you take notice of the strange and horrible carriage of this fellow; and withal, you cannot but observe the spirit of that sort of people, what a villainous and devilish one it is: Good God! that ever the

thing called religion (a word that people have so much abused) should ever wind up persons to such a height of impiety, that it should make them lose the belief that there is a God of truth in Heaven, that sees and knows, observes and registers, and will punish and take vengeance of falsehood and perjury. It may well make the rest of mankind, that have any sort of faith in a Deity and a future life, to abhor and detest both the men and their religion, if such abominable principles may be called so. A Turk is a saint to such a fellow as this, nay a Pagan would be ashamed to be thought to have no more truth in him. O blessed Jesus! What an age do we live in, and what a generation of vipers do we live among! Sirs, is this that you call the Protestant religion? Shall so glorious a name be applied to so much villainy and hypocrisy? Is this the persuasion you hope to live, and die, and find salvation in? Will any of you all, gentlemen, be contented to die with a lie in your mouth? Do not you all expect, according to the orthodox doctrine of the true Church of England, that eternal damnation will be the portion of liars? And thou, wicked wretch, how durst thou appear to give testimony, before even an earthly tribunal with so much impudence and falsehood, when every lie will cost thee so dear, except a sincere and hearty repentance, and the infinite mercy of the great God interpose? I charge you once more, as you will answer it at the bar of the great Judge of all the world, that you tell me what that business was you and the prisoner talked about: do you consider what a condition thou bringest thyself into by all this shuffling and prevarication, even as to anything of mercy in this life; for indeed it is not fit thou shouldst have the least hopes of mercy on this side eternity, and truly there is no man can imagine less than infinite mercy can pardon so flagitious a sin, one that so impudently tells and stands in a lie.

[Still he would make no answer.]

82. THE PAPAL NUNCIO (1687).

The wish of James II. to restore papal power in England was his ruling motive, and the attempt resulted in his overthrow. He tried different means of relieving Catholics from political disabilities; he constituted an ecclesiastical commission presided over by Jeffreys; and he filled vacancies at the universities by the appointment of Romanists. Under his auspices,

too, a papal nunico appeared in England for the first time since the death of Mary. A short tract in the Somers' Collection thus describes the envoy's entry into Windsor.

Source.—A Full and True Relation of His Excellency the Pope's Nuncio making his Public Entry at Windsor. Somers' Tracts. Vol. ix., p. 268.

The town of Windsor was so full of all sorts of people, from all parts, that some of the inhabitants were astonished; and it was very difficult to get provisions or room either for horse or man; nay, many persons of quality, and others, were forced to sit in their coaches and calashes almost all the day.

So great were the expectations of all people to see this ceremony, supposing it to be greater than ordinary, by reason there has not been any public minister of state from the pope, for above an hundred and forty years, that hath made any public entry, as I am informed.

All the spectators supposed he would set out a little after noon, but did not till between five and six of the clock in the afternoon; at which time his excellency took coach, it being one of his majesty's, for that purpose at his own lodgings, the Duke of Grafton and Sir Charles Cotterel being in the coach with him; his excellency was clothed in purple, and a gold crucifix hanging at his breast.

The first that appeared in this ceremony was one of the knight-marshal's men on horseback, and after him two others followed on foot; after them went his excellency's footmen, being twelve in number, their coats being all of a dark-grey coloured cloth, with white and purple lace. After them followed the coach of state, in which was his excellency, having four pages to attend him, two on each side taking hold of the coach; their coats were very richly laced. His excellency had three coaches, with six horses a-piece in each coach. Immediately after his excellency, in two of his coaches, were ten priests, his coach of state going empty. After them went the lord chancellor's, two of the lord president's, the lord privy seal's, and the lord chamberlain's coach. There were eighteen coaches more beside, them, with six horses a-piece; in which number the Lord Bishop of Durham's was one, and the Bishop of Chester's another. In this order they went up to the castle, where they stayed about a quarter of an hour, and then his excellency returned back to his lodgings.

1 Count Ferdinand of Adda, titular Archbishop of Amasia (in Pontus).

83. THE REACTION AGAINST ROMAN CATHOLICISM (1689).

The legislation with which the first year of William and Mary opens is clear proof that the ecclesiastical policy of James II. had incensed English parliamentary leaders. This statute removing papists from the vicinity of London is an act of recrimination, less stringent and sweeping than the revocation of the Edict of Nantes four years earlier,1 but sufficiently severe to illustrate the survival from Reformation days of religious dread and hatred. James II. would have subverted Protestantism, and his Protestant opponents, now that they were supreme, cast about for measures which should protect them from future attack.

SOURCE.-Statutes of the Realm. Vol. vi., p. 60.

An Act for the Amoving [removing] Papists and reputed Papists from the Cities of London and Westminster and Ten Miles distance from the same.

Whereas the great numbers of Papists resorting to the cities of London and Westminster are and for a long time have been found dangerous to the peace and safety of this kingdom, for the better preservation of the common safety and avoiding their mischievous practices and designs.

Be it enacted by the King and Queen's most excellent Majesties, by and with the advice and consent of the lords spiritual and temporal and commons in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, that for the better discovering and amoving all Papists and reputed Papists out of the said cities and ten miles of the same, it shall and may be lawful and it is hereby required that the Lord Mayor of London for the time being and every Justice of the Peace (of the city of London and for the city and liberties of Westminster and borough of Southwark and of the counties of Middlesex, Surrey, Kent and Sussex) within their respective counties, cities, boroughs and limits, do from time to time cause to be arrested and brought before him every person or persons, not being a merchant foreigner within the said cities or within ten miles of the same, as are or are reputed to be Papists, and tender unto him the declaration mentioned in the statute made in the thirtieth year of King Charles the Second, entitled "An Act for the more effectual preserving the King's person and government by disabling Papists from sitting in either house of parliament ".

1 1 By Louis XIV. of France, 1685.

And in case such person upon such tender refuse audibly and solemnly to repeat, make and subscribe the said declaration, and shall after such refusal remain, continue or be within the said city or cities or ten miles distance from the same, that in every such case he or she shall forfeit and suffer as a popish recusant convict by the laws already established shall or may forfeit or suffer.

And it is hereby further enacted that every Justice of Peace shall and do certify all and every subscription before him by virtue of this act taken, and likewise the names of all and every person refusing to repeat, take, make or subscribe as aforesaid upon tender, under the hand and seal of the said Justice, into the Court of King's Bench the next term or else at the next quarter sessions that shall be of or for the county or place where such taking, subscribing or refusal shall happen. And if the said person so refusing and certified shall not within the next term or sessions after such refusal appear in the Court of King's Bench or sessions, where such certificate shall be returned, and in open court audibly and solemnly repeat, take, make and subscribe the declaration aforesaid, and indorse or enter his so doing upon the certificates so returned, shall be from the time of such his neglect or refusal taken, esteemed and adjudged a popish recusant convict, and as such to forfeit and be proceeded against.

Provided that nothing in this act shall relate to or have any effect upon any foreigner that is or shall be a menial servant to any ambassador or public agent.

Provided that nothing in this act shall relate to or have any effect upon any person being a natural born subject of the King of Portugal, who now is or hereafter shall be a sworn servant to the Queen Dowager, nor to any other servants being natural born subjects of their Majesties, as her Majesty the Queen Dowager shall under her hand and seal from time to time for that purpose be pleased to nominate; the said servants so nominated not exceeding the number of thirty at any one time, so as none of the said servants being natural born subjects of their Majesties be a Jesuit Priest, Monk or Friar, any law or statute to the contrary notwithstanding.

84. GLENCOE (1692).

These dreadful details of the Glencoe massacre form part of the evidence given before a Royal Commission which was appointed in 1695 to examine the affair.