opinion of Senator Lodge, Hamilton hardly looked for 1 7 9 1 immediate results from this report; he "knew that progress would be deliberate and growth slow in this direction. But he wished to sow the seed, to prepare the way and lay down the lines to be followed, and so much he did." The First CHAPTER IV THE A EMERGENCE OF PARTIES T its second session, the first congress authorized the first federal census. The enumeration showed that the total population of the republic was 3,929,214. Of the states, Virginia stood first with 747,610; Pennsylvania second with 434,373; and North Carolina third On the evening his Excellency takes his feat at the head of the government of the United States, there will be the most brilliant exhibition of FIRE WORKS ever exhibited in this city, now preparing, under the fuperintendance of Col. Bauman, commander of the city regiment of artillery. Announcement of Washington's Arrival in New 6,866. The center of pop- B with 393,751; Rhode Island stood last with 68,825, fewer than the territory of Vermont which had 85,425, or the territory of Kentucky which had 73,677. The population west of the mountains was only 109,368, and that north of Mason and Dixon's line and the Ohio River exceeded that south of them by only For Sale, A LIKELY, HEALTHY, YOUNG NEGRO WENCH, nefs. A Slave Advertisement, from the New York Gazette, April 24, 1789 MAP SHOWING DISTRIBUTION AND CENTER OF POPULATION IN 1790 1789 I 79 I Antislavery April 24, 1789 On this great occasion, the hand of industry was fufpended, and the various pleatures of the capital, were concentered to a angle enjoyment.-Every mind was filled with one idea, and every car fwelled with one emotion. Abiorbed and agitated by the lentiment which our adored leader and ruier infpired, the printer appreheads, that he cannot with perfect prection defcribe the various fcene of fplendour which this event exhibited. The eye could not rove with freed im through the various parts of this icene. One great object engaged it, and WASHINGTON arrelled and Axed his gaze. The President was received at Elizabeth Town, by a deputation of three Senators, five Reprefentatives of the Cougrefs of the United States, and three offi cers of the State and Corporation; with whom he em barked in the barge, butit for the purpofe of wafting his excellency across the bgy, and roved by thirteen pilots of this harbour, dreifed in white uniform; Thomas Randall, Eq acting as cocktwain. No language can paint the beautiful display made on his excellency's approach to the city. The thores were crouded with a vast concourse of citizens, waiting with exuling anxiety his arrival-s Cathole Majefty's floop of war the Gatortion, ( Av. Dohrman's) Aip NorthCarolina, and the other vellers in port, we e dretied and decorated in the moft fuperb ina ner.His ex celiency's barge was accompanied by the barge of the Hon. Gen. Knox, and a great number of veifels and boats trom jerley and New-York, in his train.As he paded the Gatvifton, he received a falute of thirteen guns, and was welcomed by an equal number from the battery The whole water cene was animated and moving beyond descripton The grand gala formed an objec the mof interesting imaginable. Ou is excellency's arrival at the flairs, prepared and ornamented, at Murray's wharf, for his landing; he was received and congratulated by his excellency, the Governor of tins State, and the officers of the State and Corporation, and the following procesion was formed. Fi.ft. Col. Levis, arcompan ed by two officers, and followed by the troop of dragoons, commanded by Capt. Stake The German grenadiers, headed by Capt. Scriba-mufic.-Infantry of the brigade, under the command of captains Swartwout and Sredditord-Grenadiers, under Capt. Harlin.-Cui. Bauman, at the head of the regiment of artillery-1ufc.-Gen. Malcom and aid-Officers of the militia-Committee of Congrels. The PRESIDENT, fupported by Governor Clinton. The Prendeut's fuite.-Officers of the Site.--Mayor and Aldermen of New-York-The Fren and Spanish Ambañadors, in their carriages.e whole order followed by an amazing concourte of citi ens. The proceffion advanced through Queen freet to the boule fitted up for the reception of his Excellency, where it teruated. Arter which, he was conducted without formato the house of Governor Clinton, with whom his Excellency dined.In the evening the houtes of the citizens were brilhan ly Juminated. Paragraph from The Daily Advertiser, April 24, 1789, announcing the Arrival of Washington at New York were in the states north of the line just referred to. Only three and four-tenths per cent. of all the inhabitants resided in cities of eight thousand or more. There were six such cities with a total population of 131,472. At the beginning of the new national government, slavery had a nominal existence in every state except Massachusetts. When Washington came to New York as the president-elect, one column of the Gazette contained an announcement of his arrival and another column bore an advertisement offering for sale "a likely, healthy, young negro wench, between fifteen and sixteen years old." In less than a month, two runaway negroes were seized in Boston and sent back to slavery a quick use of the slaveholder's privilege under the constitution of the United States. But Wilberforce and Clarkson were busy in England and I 7 8 9 abolition sentiment was increasing in America. There 1 79 I Accounts of the Yearly Meeting of Friends' Expenses in Recovering were abolition societies in several of the states, Some progress had also been made in actual emanci- The First pation. When the people of Vermont framed a constitu- Fruits tion in 1777, the declaration of rights provided that "no male person, born in this country, or brought from over |