566 Epitome of the Philofophical Transactions. a very fimple and eafy manner, to demonftrate the truth of the discovery; the obfervation was communicated, but this letter, that proves its commucation, is published without the me thod of demonstrationbon 551 10 402 XXXVI. Two remarkable cafes in furgery; by Mr Geach, furgeon hat Plymouth. A B C CASE I. A man about 42, received a violent blow on the right hypochon. drium, that part of the trunk which contains the liver; he was foon after feized with the cholic, and his skin became yellow; at first he had a di arrhæa, but afterwards he became fo coflive that he had no regular intesti nal dicharge, but by the help of lenitives: He had no confiderable pain, but he became gradually emaciated to an aftonishing degree, and his skin frangely yellow and dry, fo as to re femble parchment, or leather, fhrivelled by the fire; various medicines were tried, but without effect, and a little before bis death his left arm turned quite black, and he had fre quent bleedings aath the nofe. Upon diffection his liver was found confides rably enlarged, harder than in a found D state, but not schirrous, and externalJy of a pale lead colour; the inner fub ftance was fofter, and of its natural colour, but feemed to confift wholly of diftinct fibres, interfecting each other, with vacancies between them, about the fize of the final cells of honey. E combs. The ductus, cyftus, the shepa ticus, and the port bilarij, were perfectly ligamentous. The gall bladder had changed its pyriform figure, and became cylindrical, and its fibres were hard, white, and compacted; the lorus and duodenum were in a fimilar ftate. The circular fibres of the pylo rus were rigid beyond conception, in the gall bladder were fix concretions, each weighing half a dram, and it is remarkable that they were fpecifically heavier than water, which is pot com mon; they almoft compleatly filled the gall bladder, now converted to a kind of tube, lying in a parallel line, and pretty exactly tallying with one another. The paffage into the duodenum was alfo nearly closed up. Scarce any true gall issued on the incifion, but a fmall quantity of a turbid faponaceous fluid, not unlike chos h colate in colour, 29136.5 30p at an It is probable that the bile not find ing a ready paffage through the duce tus choledocus, ftagnated in its repofi• sory, became difeated, and acquiring I the confiftence of foapy dregs, formed the fecretions which were found to be as combustible as wax, and to produce no fermentation with acids. 1 The omentum was almost all deftroyed, what remained was hard and black, and had the appearance of dried fea weed; the glands of the mefentery were in fome parts schirrous, and in fome parts represented fmall diftin&t steatomas. CASE IL]. A midshipman of the Liverpool was in a riot wounded in the left eye; a small sword entered at the external angle, and paffing quite thro' the eye towards the bafis, fuck against the inner part of the orbit: He fell down inftantly fenfelefs, with a lofs of speech, and a hemiplegia on the oppofite fide: Blood was drawn, and the next morning he was found lying on his back, with the right eye wide open, and the pupil confiderably dilated; it was fometimes convulfed, but difcerned nothing. The wounded eye was protruded from its orbit, and enlarged to the fize of a puller's egg, though deftitute of all its humours; the polle beat at long intervals with a lazy motion, and stopped upon a gentle preffure; the body was not feverith, but the heat natural, even on the paralytic fide, the arm and thigh excepted, which were livid, cold, rigid, and conftantly bedewed with clammy sweat. The lancet produced no fentation, and veficateries raised no blister. The powers of nature seemed to be almott fufpended, and life to be carried on only through the large organs and veffels: The functi ons of the lower belly were dibilitated, so that neither purgatives nor clyfters produced any effects the urine was fometimes emitted by drops, and fametimes it ran off in a deluge, by pulling and thaking, and loud and frequent calling, he could be roused to a momentary fenfibility and intelligence, for being defined to put out his tongue he would open his mouth, but feemG ing inftantly to forget to what purpofe, he would keep it open without extending the tongue, which might be feensquivering and retracted. This infenfibility continued five weeks, during, which time he took food with great voracity, but without relish or diftinction; about this time fome fymptoms of the docked jaw came on, fo that he could receive nothing but liqnids, the hypochondria were hard and diftended, and all attempts toprocure an inteftinal discharge proved, in F H T effectual; but it happened that a very copious eruption of the miliary kind fuddenly came out, and covered all the found parts. From this moment, which was probably critical, he perfpired freely, and his jaw became flex ible, his urine was rendered in a due quantity, and gentle purgatives opek rated easily the difcharge from the eye, which had before been acrid, W.IS now copious and laudible, the found eye recovered its natural motion, he could fee distinctly, and was more easily roused to sensibility;' foon after he could bear to be moved from the bed to the chair without fa tigue, the paralytic parts were rubbed with vinegar and mustard, and he took the following medicines. Pulv. Valerian Əfs Caft. Rusgr. 4 Spec Diambra gr. 3 The obfervation that in wounds of the brain the paralyfis is on the oppo fite fide of the body, is as old as Hippo crates, and is mentioned by Aretaus. De La Faye, a celebrated French writer, B has made fome approaches to account for this phenomenon, in his Principles of Surgery, to the following effect Syrup croci q. s. m. f. balas ter die fum Ċ mend. Ex bauftu feri finapini. A cataplafm of bread and milk had been daily applied to affuage the swelling and inflammation of the eye, and a decoction of thyme and multard as a} gargarifm, to help the fuppreffion of his voice. As foon as he began to mend, he had fometimes loud and fadden barfts of laughter, and fometimes only a long continued filent fimpering, not unlike the fpafmus cynicus, except that it was not attended with a feveren When he first attempted to walk, hes had fuch geftures as accompany the St Vitus's Dance, and had the look of an ideot, throwing one leg eagerly for ward, and dragging the other tumb ling after. The accident happened to the patient on the 10th of Dec. 1762 Mr Geach fays his appetite is now moo derate, his fleep found, and his hear ing acute; but as his paper is printed without a date, it is impoffible to guess p at what distance of time after the ac cident, the patient thus far recovered It appears, however, bynadletter of Dr Huxham, in which he communicar ted Mr Geache's papers, that he was q not perfectly recovered on the roth of May 1763. The paralytic armands thigh recovered their flexibility and extenfion flowly, and though the pas tient pake, yet he drawled out his words fomewhat indistinctly. He faid that he remembered nothing from the moment he received the injury to the time he recovered and fat up. ↑ There was a telnoovary privation of the in tellectual faculties. It is remarkable D G The medulla oblongata is nothing more than a procefs of the medullary fubftance of the cerebrum, and cerebellump the fibres of which it confilts crofs each other, fo that those of the left fide pass to the right, and thofe of the right to the left; from this medulla oblangata proceed the ten pair of nerves which país to the cheft, the ab domen, and the limbs. As the fibres of this fubftance cross each other, the nerves do the fame; thofe which come from the right fide paffing to the left, and thofe that come from the left to the right. Thus it happens that the paralyfis which fometimes fupervenes upon injuries fuffered by the brain, is generally found to affect the fide oppofite to that where the injury was received. XXXVII. An account of a new dye, from the berries of a weed in SouthCarelina; by Mr Mofes Lindo. This weed is called pouk, and Mr › Lindo having obferved a mocking bird to be fond of the berry, and to void dung of the fame colour with its juice, a blooming crimson, he was tempted to try whether he could not extract dye from it,int & lled grine' He gathered a pint of the berries, ↑ from which he extracted near three quarters of a pint of juice, and boiled a it with a pint of Briflol water, about a quarter of an hour! He then took pieces of flannel and mumbering them 1, and 4, he boiled them in a separate pot with allum a quarter of an hour, and rinced them in cold water. He then dipped the flannel, No. 1, into the pot of juice, and having let it immer five minutes he took it ont, and rinced it in cold water; to his very agreeable furprise he found a crimson dye fixed in this piece, fuperiour to the colour of the juice itself. H. He then dipped the flannel, No. 2 in the fame juice, and being defirous to clean his hands from the ftain, he washed them in fome fuch lime water as is used to fettle indigo, and found the colour of the stain change to abright yellow. Upon this he threw a wine glafs full of lime water into the pot A where No. z was fimmering, and im mediately all the juice, as well as the fannel, became of a bright yellow; thus he found that allum fixed the crimson, and lime-water the yellow. Putting then a quart of fresh juice into two pint decanters, he put a fmall quantity of powdered allum into one B of them, and fet the other by without mixture In about fix weeks he found that the juice in which there was no allum was turned black, but that the other retained its colour. XXXVIII. A projection of the eclipfe of the fun, which happened on the ft of last April by Mr Ferguson. [Mr Ferguson takes notice, that ac cording to Flamiteed's tables, and Dr Halleys, and M. De La Caille's, the eclipfe bould be annular at London. He' fhould have faid, De La Caille's ephe merides; for that, aftronomer never D published any lunar tables.. Mr Ferguson has computed from Meyer's tables for Greenwich, where the eclipfe was observed to begin at gh. 4m. 42f. apparent time, and his time proved nearer the truth than any, except Mr Witchell's, who computed from the fame tables, but with cor- E recter equations.1, 7. v XXXIX. An account of an earthquake at Chattigaon in the province of Bengal, in the Eaf-Indies, tranflated from an account written in Perfic, by a native of the country. This earthquake happened on Fri- F day the 2d of April 1762, about five in the afternoon, and left in many parts pools of water from 12 to 209 cubits in extent, whence the neighbouring grounds were overflowed; fome houfes were cracked, and water fprung up through fiflures in the earth like a fountain.not fos lliw box & bot Es Two creeks at Bajaletab, called Sangotty and Do Huzary, were closed up by banks of fand rifing from their bot toms. Agriculture, &c. totally fwallowed up, leaving pools of An Account of Proposals for encouraging on leafe, and obliged to repair, being thatched, and fudden winds fometimes making much thatching immediately neceffaty, farmers would do well to make every year a rick of wheat-ftraw, except it happens to be very fhort, and then they should keep their flack two years, and make a new one the second. ́zeni The author of this article fays, that though he not only ricks his ftraw, but flightly thatches his rick to keep out the weather, he has in ten years gained 53. by the practice, befides what he faved by not being obliged to thresh wheat for fraw at an improper feafon. C EIL. Where the depth of the foil will admit of it, trench-ploughing will raise a new mould that has never afforded. nourishment to annual plants, and therefore cannot have been impover ifbed. HI. The kiln dust that falls from the malt in drying, appears to be an advantageous manure for wheat, efpe. cially if laid on as a top drefling; for a farmer having manured an acre of land with dung in the ordinary way, and manured another acre with So bufhels of malt duft after Chrißmas, by way of top-dreffing, the former produced only 32 bushels and an half, an acre, and the latter 41 bushels. He tried also every other method of culture upon fmall parcels of one acre each, and found none produce so much as thefe. The crop produced from the acre manured with dung was much fouler than that produced from the other, fo that the malt-duft, befides bringing a better crop, does not stock the land with weeds. Get Sixty-four bushels of malt-duft is the proper quantity to lay on an acre for barley, and for barley it should be laid on at the time of sowing, incl Great part of an ifland called Nabar Charah was fwallowed up, and many H people perished. A hill about four days journey from Islamabad, funk 40 cubits, other comfideratie hills were levelled with the ground, and fome This manure, however, is best 'where the foil is clay or stiff loam; in a gravel it may burn the crop, if the feafon happens to be dry, not other. wife, for the first shower of rain washes it in, and secures the crop. Sup Nothing firpaffes this manure for cold grafs grounds, to the amount of about 60 bushels to an acre; it produe ces a furprising increase of fweet feedus IV. Waggons, carts, ploughs, bars rows, and all other implements fhould be kept under cover, for by lying expofed to the weather, and being fomes times wet and fometimes dry, they confume and wear out in half the time.. V. Wet paftures, ie, fuch as have a loose, woodcock, brick earth foil, for about 20 inches, and under that clay to a great, depth may be greatly improved by the following method: A Make ditches fix feet perpendicular g deep, 7 wide at the top, and three at the bottom round every field, if the fields are large divide them into pieces of five or fix acres each, by new ditches; thefe ditches mult be made with a defcent from one to the other, fo that no water may remain in them, but be carried off. C Bang It is best to pay for this work not by the rod, but by the quantity of clay that is thrown up, which in Suffolk is two-pence halfpenny a load, or 30 bufhels, and half a crown a fcore loads for filling and fpreading it, E D These ditches enable the farmer to drain the ground, afford excellent D manure, and are an impaffable fence, fo that cattle will always be found. where they are left, and poachers cannot ride the farmer's horfes out of par. his grounds in the night after tridges, which too often is done. white In the banks of the ditches, thorns fhould be laid, so roots to a rod, but never mix hazel with any fence, for when the nuts come it will certainly be pulled to pieces; oak and ath only enable idle people to get over the hedges with greater eafe, and fallow, willow, and elder grow fo fast that they overshadow the quick and destroy it. When the ditching is done, and ready to receive the water, the fields muft be land drained, fo that every part may be laid dry, if the furface is not exactly level, the drains thould be cut through the lowest part; if the furface is level, the depth of the drains fhould vary, so as to make a defcent. E which will make the expence about F The author of this article fays, that by this method he has made a field, of fix acres produce two tons and an halt of hay, per acre, in a very good year, and generally five and thirty hundred weight an acre, while the adjoining pastures are scarce worth farming, and let but at 7 fhillings an acre. The clay thrown out of the ditches. is an excellent manure, 100 loads to an acre if unmixed, if mixed with muck in the proportion of 20 bushels to 59, 80 load is fufficient. VI. A hoved calf was cured by thrusting a pen knife through that part of the fwelling which rofe highest near the hip-bone, and putting the barrel of the largeft quill that could be got, into the orifice. 99 VII, Four large fpoonfulls of unflaked lime put into a puncheon of gallons of putrid stinking water at fea, will, in a night's time, make it as clear and Tweet as the beft Ipring water juft drawn. VIII. It is known that the bones of animals may be coloured by feeding. them with madder-roots; as the vel fels of trees are much larger than thofe of animals, there is reafon to think that wood might be ftained throughout while it is growing, by pouring liquor ftrongly impregnated with the colour defired upon the ground, over the roots of the trees, fo as to keep it always moilt with it. The wood of the elm, and of the plane-treet, may 11 התנהל כשיורד There is a frange inconsistency and confufion in the account of the price of ftone; we are firft fold that 30 bushels will do 3 rods," that is ten bufhels to a rod. Then we are told that 18 bufhels will do a rod and an half," which is 12 bushels to a rod. We are told that if the ftone is the farmer's, 30 Chufbele will coff one filling and a halfpenny, Gobbing and picking to that reckoning 10 bufhels a rod, a rod will coft four-pence, and the third of a halfpenny; yet we are told on this computation a rod will coft 7d. We are told if the farmer buys the ftone, 18 bushels will cost him a fhilling ready pick'd, and the carriage a fhilling more, fo that at 12 bufhels a rod, a rod will coft 11. 4d, yet in the fame paragraph we are also told that a rod on this computation will coft s. 7d. Thefe drains fhould be about 32 inches deep, 20 wide at the top, and at the bottom, and should be filled three inches deep with wood or stone; wood will last 20 or 30 years, but flone is ftill better: A load of 30 bushels of H ftones will do three rods, which cost twelve pence halfpenny stubbing and picking, fo that the expence of a rod 187 pence, befides carriage of the ftone, The plane-tree is fuppofed to have been first brought into England by the great Lord Chancellor Becom be 570 Defcription of Peak's-Hole in Derbyshire. he ftained of a mahogany colour, by the following procefs: Stain the wood firit well with aquafortis, then take two ounces of dragon's blood in powder, one drachm of alkanet root in powder, and half A a drachm of aloes; from all thefe extract a tincture with halfa pint of fpirits of wine, and lay it over the wood with a fpunge two or three times';' the wood will thus acquire the colour fine old mahogony. very of IX. A farmer at Briflington in So. merJetfire, fays that he makes very good coal balls of one third mud [fleech] and two thirds culm, mixed well together, and made up in a round form. He fays the best way of burning them is on a hearth without a grate, in the following manner: 0000 the clover a month after the corn, there is no danger of its failing though the feafon fhould be dry. The feed fhould be fcattered on the ground without further care, for there is no need either to roll or harrow it. The roots and blades of the barley will keep moisture enough in the land to fupply the mall want of the clover during its infant growth, and when the barley is it will thrive amain. [To be continued] BME URBAN, C Caufe a few cinders to be firft lighted, when they burn, pile up the coalballs over them in this form, till they rife to a point at the back of the chimney. Then plaifter them over with the mixture they were made of, and making a hole at the top, and another in D the front for the lake of vent, they will burn well and make an excellent fire. X. Seed wheat though fold in the markets a chilling abuthel dearer than ordinary wheat, is yet feldom clean, it is recommended therefore to buy the common wheat, and prepare it in the following manner: Shoot out the wheat intended for feed upon a long table, and let four women fit on each fide of it; and as they pick out the prime grains clear from the feeds of weeds, let them sweep them with their hands into bags nailed to the edge of the table for that purpose, the bottoms of the bags maft' be open, but tied together like a purfe while they are filling, and when full they must be untied that the wheat, may fall into a fack held underneath to receive it. The bags may hold a.. hout half a bushel, each woman will pick five or fix pecks a day, for fix pence and fmall beer, at least this is the price given at Marlborough.. E F XI. It is reckoned good husbandry to fow clover with fpring corn, yet fometimes, if the fpring is backward and cold, and the fummer wet, the clover will get too forward, and over. H power the corn; to prevent this, fow Alkanet is a fpecies of Buglofs with a te i ront ;. it is brought from the Southern s of France, and used in medecine. i negarins to IF the following attempt to fapply the defects of other writers on the subject fill be thought to deferve a place in the enfuing monthly collection, be pleased to hand it to the publick. And if it shall appear frange, to any one that a man, from motives of meer curiofity, fhould take fuch a journey into the bowels of a mountain; how much more la fhall it seem, that two ladies, of confideration and delicacy, fhould be his companions in the adventure, and witneffes of every part of the scenery, and that even the duke of and his fifter, the countess of -fhould, from like motives, make the fame tour; to whom I might appeal for the truth of what is here reprefented, having avoided exaggeration (that too frequent attendant on the traveller's tale) and exhibited objects in their true proportions, and colours, with juft so much light' and fhade, as may render the picture moft agreeable to nature. I am, &c. A SKETCH of PEAKS HOLE, commonly called the DEVIL'S A--SE-. A PEAK, in Derbyshire, YOU You approach this ftupendous cavern through an avenue that appears to be the effect of fome violent convullion of nature; the rock, which is of marble, having divided afunder, and receded to the right and left, (as it were) to expofe to the view of the curious enquirer the most fo lemn, and capacious recefs that hath hitherto been difcovered in this on perhaps any other country, The perpendicular height, of th this rock, is faid to be 240 feet, on the right and left there is a gradual declivity from the fummit, which terminates in the level of the adjacent plain, and in the fides of these declivities are fundry crevices, of irregular dimenfions, that were once filled with fome kind of metallick matter, but are now exhaulted of the ore, and afford a clear idea of the form, in which thofe fubitances lie concealed in the womb of nature. The entrance into Paaks hole is at the extreme part of this aweful ave nue, which the two declivities form, and |