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lives in the ftudy of philofophy; both exchanged the noify tumult of the bufy and the thoughtless for the calm tranquility of a retreat, where they employed their time in making new difcoveries for the fervice of mankind. But Bacon, pushed from the height of honour, fell with thame and reluctance. Locke acquired greater glory by refigning, than was in the power of wealth and external honour to bestow. He refigned what he thought incompatible with the difcharge of a greater duty. He privately refigned his poft to the king, from whom he had received it, with out making the leaft advantage of his refignation. The one was a philofopher and a courtier: the other a philofopher and a Chriftian.

Learning had been long extinguished by the northern nations, who, like a deluge, had overfpread Europe; they restored liberty and deftroyed the arts. Amidt this barbarifm, a confufed notion of Ariftotle's philofophy began at length to prevail, a philofophy big with myftery, falfe and inexplicable. At laft fome great geniuses, like stars, arofe, among which was the renowned friar Bacon. Thefe fpread their light on several branches of knowledge, but their rays were foon intercepted by the clouds of ignorance; each was regarded as an ignis fatuus, and philofophy ftill continued an inexplicable myftery. Thefe philofophers were treated with contempt, perfecuted unjustly, loaded with ignominy, and condemned by councils; their works were burnt, and often their perfons imprifoned. The world was convinced, that, if once that veil of obscurity which coyered the face of nature was removed, the rash curiofity of mankind would prompt them to account for

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all the appearances in the visible world by the powers of mechanifin, At lait the immortal Sir Francis Bacon arofe, difperfed the darkness, placed philofophy on the firm foundation of experiments, and pointed out the way of pursuing Nature thro' all her labyrinths by fact and obfervation. It is true, a philofophy of this kind was not adapted to make a very fudden revolution in the republic of letters; but its progrefs, like that of time, quiet, flow, and fure, will in the end become univerfal. "If we ftand furprized, fays the ingenious Mr.Mallet, at the happy im agination of fuch a fyftem, our furprize redoubles upon us, when we reflect that he invented and methodized this fyftem, perfected fo much, and sketched out fo much more of it." And what greater honour can be given to his memory, than for the great Boyle, and the immortal Newton, to build upon this plan, and that all their labours should be employed in carrying the edince to an aftonishing degree of perfection.

Mr. Locke lived in an age when learning made a furprizing progrefs, not only in Great Britain, but throughout all Europe. Inftead of attempting to improve natural and experimental philofophy, fubjects on which fome of the greatest men the world ever produced, were then engaged, he left them to investigate the laws of the natural world, and undertook a new branch of fcience. The pagan philofophy, with respect to the powers of the mind, and the art of reafoning, mixed with some ingenious fubtilries, was ftrongly intrenched in the fchools; and this unnatural alliance of the Christian theology with the doctrine of the Peripatetics, had rendered the opi nions of Ariftotle not only venerable

but

but facred. Here Locke arofe in defence of truth and reason, to do honour to the nobleft part of our frame, to unfetter the foul, and to teach it how to exert its powers. With this view he made the mind of man his study, traced the manner of its operations, and delivered more profound truths relating to the intellectual powers, and the conduct of the understanding in the acquifition of knowledge, than are to be met with in all the volumes of antiquity. Thus, notwithstanding the ftrongest oppofition, he overthrew the metaphyfical whimfies which had till that time made man substitute founds in the room of sense, and unintelligible jargon for profound erudition. He laid the foundation of juft criticism, taught the neceffary art of diftinguishing truth from error, and of conducting the mind in all its enquiries.

Bacon's genius was univerfal, and his learning prodigious. Amidt the variety of fubjects of which he has treated, he has wrote feveral of a religious kind: as a tranflation of the pfalms into English verfe, a confeffion of faith, feveral prayers, the character of a believing Chriftian, &c.

On the other hand, Locke has given us, The reasonableness of Chriftianity, as delivered in the fcriptures; a work that may with great juftice be allowed to be one of the best books that have appeared fince the times of the apoftles. He wrote alfo a paraphrafe and notes on the epiftles to the Galatians, Corinthians, Romans, and EphefiBas. In both thefe pieces he has

vindicated the caufe of the Chriftian religion, by proving that its doctrines are founded on the rules of reafon and good fenfe; he has fapped the foundation of the deift; and, by proving it reasonable, has proved it worthy of him who is the fountain of intellectual light.

I might here draw a parallel between those excellent pieces of Mr. Locke, entitled, Thoughts on Education, and Letters on Toleration, his two Treatifes on Government,&c. and feveral pieces of SirFrancis Bacon, as his Effays, and feveral other works of a moral and political kind. I might alfo here make fome obfervations on the laft great writer's hiftory of Henry VII. which he undertook at the defire of king James. But it will be fufficient to fay, that as Locke had far greater advantages than Bacon, he had the lefs merit in excelling him. Mr. Locke wrote in a learned age, which frequently furnished him with lights to direct his progrefs; he had no prejudices to indulge, no ambition to gratify, no enemies to fear; thofe he encountered with were of a harmless kind, and of a strength unequal to fuch a champion; while Sir Francis Bacon, though a lover of truth, was fometimes governed by ambition, and is, in his laft-mentioned piece, allowed to be partial. But the works of both, to the honour of human nature, are become univerfal, and will continue fo as long as reason and good fenfe fubfift among mankind.

I am, your's, &c.

R. D.

Continuation

Continuation of the Remedies extracted from Dr. Theobald's Pamphlet, called Every Man his own Physician.

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HIS noble earl derives his liam lord Howard, was knighted at

Tpedigree from William lord Whitehall in the year 1604; but

Howard, fecond son of Thomas, the fecond duke of Norfolk, by Margaret his second wife, daughter of Thomas lord Audeley. The faid William lord Howard was restored in blood by an act of parliament paffed in the first year of James I. and married Elizabeth daughter to Thomas, and fifter and heir of George lord Dacres of Gillesland. By her he became poffeffed of Naworth-caftle, in Cumberland, the antient feat of her father's family. Sne lived with her husband fixtythree years, and left five fons and three daughters.

Philip Howard, eldest fon of Wil

died in his father's life-time. He married Margaret, daughter of Sir John Carryl, of Harting in Hampthire, and left iffue three fons and two daughters.

Sir William Howard, eldeft fon of Sir Philip Howard, fucceeded his grandfather, and married Mary, eldest daughter of William lord Eure, by whom he had five fons and five daughters.

He was fucceeded by Charles, his eldeft furviving fon, who was in the year 1660 chofen member of parliament for Morpeth. And having been highly inftrumental in the happy restoration of king Charles II.

he

he was, in confideration of that, and his other loyal fervices, advanced to the dignity of baron Dacres of Gillefland, viscount Howard of Morpeth, and earl of the city of Carlifle, by letters patent, dated the twen tieth of April, in the thirteenth year of Charles II.

In the year 1663 he was fent ambaffador to the Czar of Mufcovy; and the year following to the kings of Sweden and Denmark. He was allo employed in the year 1668 to carry the enfigns of the order of the garter to Charles king of Sweden;

and at his return was inftalled at Windfor as proxy of that monarch. He was afterwards made governor of Jamaica, where he continued feveral years, and returned to England in the year 1680. He married Anne, daughter of Edward lord Howard of Efcrick, by whom he had two fons and three daughters; and died on the twenty-fixth of February 1686, and was interred in the minfter of the cathedral of York, where, on a monumental pillar of white marble under his effigies, is the following inscription:

Near this place is interred,
Charles Howard, earl of Carlisle,

Viscount Morpeth, Baron Dacres of Gillefland,
Lord-lieutenant of Cumberland and Weftmoreland,
Vice-admiral of the coafts of Northumberland,
Cumberland, bishoprick of Durham, town and
County of Newcastle, and maritime parts adjacent ;
Governor of Jamaica, privy-counsellor
To king Charles the second, and his ambassador
Extraordinary to the Czar of Muscovy,
And the kings of Sweden and Denmark,
In the years MDCLXIII and MDCLXIV.
Whofe effigies is placed at the top of this monument.

He was not more diftinguished by the
Nobility and antiquity of his family,
Then he was by the sweetness and affability
Of a natural charming temper,
Which being improved by the peculiar
Ornament of folid greatness,

Courage, juftice, generofity, and a public fpirit,
Made him a great bleffing

To the age and nation wherein he lived.
In business he was fagacious and diligent,
And in war circumfpect, fteady, and intrepid.
In counsel wife and penetrating.
And tho' his character may fecure him
A place in the annals of Fame,
Yet the filial piety of a daughter,

May be allowed to dedicate

This monumental pillar to his memory.
Obiit xxiv Feb. 1686. Ætat. 56.

He

He was fucceeded in his honours and eftate by his eldeft fon Edward, earl of Carlisle, who married Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir to Sir William Uvedale, of Wickham in Hampshire, widow of Sir William Berkley, by whom he had three fons and two daughters; and died on the twenty-third of April 1692.

Charles, his eldest fon, fucceeded to the family honours, on the death of his father, and married the lady Elizabeth Capel, only furviving daugh. ter of Arthur earl of Effex, by whom he had iffue two fons and three daughters. In the reign of king William the third, he was created first commiffioner of the treasury, governor of the town and caftle of Carlifle, vice-admiral of the feacoafts adjacent, and one of his majefty's most honourable privy-council. At the coronation of queen Anne, he was conftituted earl-marfhal, and in 1706 appointed one of the commiffioners to treat with the Scots about an union between the two kingdoms. On the demife of her majefty, he was chofen one of the lords-juftices by king George I. for the government of the kingdom till his arrival from Hanover; and afterwards fworn of the privy-council, and conftituted firft commiffioner of the treasury. He died on the first of May 1738, and was interred at Caftle-Howard, in the burial-place he had built for his family.

He was fucceeded by his eldeft fon Henry, earl of Carlisle, born in 1694, and who ferved in feveral parliaments during the life-time of his father. He married the lady Francis Spencer, only daughter of Charles, earl of Sunderland, by his

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first wife, the lady Arabella Cavendifh, daughter and co-heir of Henry duke of Newcastle; by whom he had iffue two fons and two daughters. But this lady dying on the twenty-feventh of July 1742, his lordship married his fecond lady Ifabella Byron, fifter to the present lord Byron, and by her had iffue one fon and four daughters. Both the fons and one of the daughters of his first lady, died before his lordship, who paid the debt of nature on the fourth of September 1758.

His only fon Frederick, now earl of Carlifle, fucceeded to the honours and eftate of this noble family. He was born on the twenty-eighth of May 1748; and is confequently still a minor.

Armorial Bearings.] Gules, on a bend, between fix cross croflets fitché, argent, an escutcheon, or, charged with a demi-lion rampant, pierced through the mouth with an arrow within a double treffure counterflory, gules.

Creft.] On a chapeau, gules, turned up ermine, a lion guardant, his tail extended, or, gorged with a ducal coronet, argent, a mullet for difference.

Supporters.] On the dexter fide, a lion, argent, differenced by a mullet. On the finifter fide, a bull, gules, armed, unguled, ducally gorged, and chained, or.

is

Motto.] Volo non valeo. My will fuperior to my power. Chief Seats.] At Caftle-Howard, in Yorkshire; Naworth-Castle, in Cumberland; Morpeth-Caftle, in Northumberland; and Soho-Square, in London.

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