incompatible with the ties and duties of affinity, which we have just contracted with the imperial house reigning in Austria. The brilliant qualities which distinguish the Archduchess Maria Louisa, have acquired her the love of the people of Austria. They have fixed our regards. Our people will love this Princess from their love for us, until, being witnesses of all the virtues which have given her so high a place in our thoughts, they shall love her for herself.

"Given at our palace of the Thuilleries, the 37th
of February, 1810.
(Signed)

"NAPOLEON."

The marriage with Maria Louisa was solemnised at Paris on April 1. It would be superfluous to enlarge on the infinite advantages Bonaparte gained by this union with a Princess of one of the most illustrious royal houses in Europe; it was a master stroke of policy; and by this alliance he placed himself on a level, as to ties of blood, with the first potentates in christendom, who, confused and abashed, might pointedly exclaim, "Art thou become like unto us?"

The Emperor of France, immediately upon his marriage, by a decree of the senate, incorporated the city of Rome with the French empire. The following constituted the articles of this union:

1. The state of Rome is united to the French empire, and forms an integral part thereof. 2. To be divided into two departments; Rome and Trasimene. 3. The department of Rome shall send seven deputies to the legislative body; Trasimene four. 4. The department of Rome shall be classed in the first series; Trasimene in the second. 5. A senatory shall be established in the departments of Rome and Trasimene. 6. The city of Rome is the second of the empire. The mayor of Rome is to be present when the Emperor takes the oaths on his accession; and is to rank, as are also all deputations from the city, on all occasions, immediately after the mayors or deputations of the city of Paris. 7. The prince imperial is to assume the title, and to receive the honors of King of Rome. 8. A prince of the blood, or a grand dignitary of the empire, shall reside at Rome, who shall hold the Emperor's court. 9. The property which composes the

endowments of the imperial crown shall be regulated by a special senatus consultum. 10. After having been crowned in the church of Notre Dame at Paris, the Emperor shall, previous to the tenth year of his reign, be crowned in the church of St. Peter. 11. The city of Rome shall enjoy particular privileges and immunities, to be determined by the Emperor Napoleon. 12. Every foreign sovereign is incompatible with the exercise of any spiritual authority within the territory of the empire. 13. The Popes shall, at their elevation, take an oath never to act contrary to the four propositions of the Gallican church, adopted in an assembly of the clergy in 1682. 14. The four propositions of the catholic church are declared common to all the catholic churches of the empire. 15. Palaces shall be prepared for the Pope in the different parts of the empire in which he may wish to reside. He shall necessarily have one at Paris, and another at Rome. 16. Two millions in rural property, free of all imposition, and lying in different parts of the empire, shall be assigned to the Pope. 17. The expences of the sacred colleges, and of the Propaganda, shall be declared imperial. 18. The present organic senatus consultum shall be transmitted by a message to his Majesty the Emperor and King."

The total annihilation of trade in Holland, had reduced that wretched country to the verge of ruin. There was nothing in Louis Bonaparte to recommend him to his subjects, but his lenity and moderation; he had more of the milk of human kindness flowing in his heart than his brother Napoleon; the latter wished a number of rigid impositions to be imposed, which the former considerably mitigated and softened; which so enraged the Emperor of France, that he summoned him to Paris, to receive fresh instructions on the subject. Napoleon had a design to incorporate Holland with France; and accordingly, in a state paper, which developed the existing state of the kingdom of Holland, the following observations were made:

"Holland is truly only a department of France; that country may be defined as a continuation of the great sources of the French empire; the Meuse, the Rhine, and the Scheldt. The inactivity of her custom-house; the disposition of her agents; the sentiments of her inha

bitants, tend incessantly to carrying on a fraudulent trade with England. It is, therefore, absolutely necessary to exclude them from all commercial intercourse with the Rhine. Thus placed in a state of morbid compression between France and England, Holland is deprived equally of those advantages which clash with our general system, and which she must relinquish ; as also of those which, by a contrary line of conduct, she might acquire. It is time that all this should be set right.

The campaign in Spain opened auspiciously for France. The French entered Andalusia, and forced the line of defence on the Sierra Morena. The members of the supreme junta were accused by the populace of treachery, as was General Venegas also. At Cadiz there was a general apprehension of an attack; and the whole of the Spanish fleet in that harbour, was placed under the protection of Admiral Purvis. In Catalonia, the Spanish army, commanded by O'Donnel, was defeated by General Souham, with great loss, and obliged to retreat to Tarragona. General Bonnet had an action with the patriots at Oviedo, in which they were routed. General Ballasteros being attacked by the enemy at Santa, Olalla defeated them, and drove them from all the strong posts in the neighbourhood. Cinidad Rodrigo, after a gallant defence, surrendered to the Prince of Essling: in this place the garrison, consisting of seven thousand men, were made prisoners; and there were taken six stands of colours, one hundred and twenty-five pieces of artillery, two hundred thousand weight of powder, and twelve hundred thousand cartridges.

On July 29, Count Serras, with a detachment of French troops, made an attack upon the fort of Senebrea, which was captured. In Portugal, Almeida was besieged by the Prince of Essling, which capitulated to Massena; a great quantity of provisions were found in this place. The gallant commander in chief of the British forces, Sir Arthur Wellesly, recently called up to the house of peers, by the style and title of Lord Viscount Wellington, gained a complete victory over Massena, at

Tarragona, an ancient seaport of Spain, with an university, in Catalonia. It is seated on a hill, in the Mediterranean.* It is 220 miles E. by N. of Madrid.

Busaco, two thousand of the French were left dead, and an immense number were wounded.

Bonaparte issued a decree from Fontainbleau, Oct. 19, 1810, which evidently shewed the hatred he entertained to British manufactures. Like to the elegant apologue of the Fabulist of Antiquity,* he malignantly and wantonly ordered all English manufactured goods found in France to be burnt: thus resolving, that if he could not profit by English manufactures, no other notion should. Another measure which Bonaparte took to evidence his inveteracy against England, was the annexation of his Britannic Majesty's dominions in Hanover, to the newly erected kingdom of Westphalia, of which Jerome Bonaparte had been made king. This upstart sovereign, who had decoyed the fair beauty of Baltimoret into a surreptitious marriage, issued a proclamation in March 1, 1811, in which he informed his Hungarian subjects, that his brother Napoleon had consigned them over to hini. He, therefore, from a paternal solicitude for their welfare, engaged to protect them from all attacks of hostile and invading powers. Hanover, in consequence of this new arrangement, was to be divided into three. departments. That of the Aller, of the Flunnau, and of the mouths of the Elbe and the Weser.

Sir John Stuart, having dispatched General Oswald from Messina, against the Greek island of St. Manra, it was captured, and the garrison amounting to sixteen hundred men, were made prisoners. The Island of Amboyna in the East Indies appertaining to the Dutch, was captured by Captain Montague Spencer, and Secker: Captain Court of the Honorable East India Company, after meeting with the most determined opposition from the enemy, and undergoing incredible fatigue, summoned the garrison to surrender; and on February 19th, the island was delivered up to the British forces. A quantity of shipping was also taken, The Island of Bourbon in the Indian Seas was taken by commodore Rowley and Colonel Keating.

Esop in his fable of the Dog in the Manger.
+ Miss Paterson.

CHAP. XXV.

Indisposition of his Britannic Majesty. Prince of Wales appointed Regent of the united kingdom. Operations of Lord Wellington in the Peninsula.

1810,

His Majesty King George III. had on the 25th 1811, of October, 1809, entered into the fiftieth year of his reign great rejoicings took place throughout the kingdom, in celebration of the Jubilee year of his reign. All the places of public worship were opened in the morning, and sermons appropriate to the happy occasion were delivered. The Lord Mayor and corporation of London, attended service at St. Paul's Cathedral. The whole of the day exhibited the most heartfelt joy of a loyal, brave, and enlightened nation, at beholding the life of their venerable and beloved Sovereign, extended to so lengthened a period of human existence; and the day closed with illuminations upon a most splendid and magnificent scale. The ways of Divine Providence are inscrutable and past finding out: scarcely had this ebullition of national joy subsided, but in that very year an awful breach was made in the Royal Family, by the death of the amiable and truly excellent Princess Amelia; soon after which melancholy event, (and chiefly occasioned by it) His Majesty was seized with that malady with which he had been afflicted in 1789. In consequence of His Majesty's indisposition, after repeated adjournments of Parliament, Mr. Perceval brought in a bill for investing the Prince of Wales with the Regency of the united kingdom; to be under certain restrictions for the first year of the regency: His Royal Highness accordingly assumed the reins of government, and as we are ap proaching the close of our work, it will be our pleasing task to record events as glorious, under the Regency of His Royal Highness, as any the annals of our history afford.

Massena, who had occupied a strong position near the British lines at Torros Vedras, was under the necessity of retreating from thence to Santarem: this retreat augured well, and evidenced how greatly the French interest was declining in the Peninsula. Lord Wellington