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was found to contain a very considerable por- || party of thirty, who set out on the land jourtion of sea salt."

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"I had, indeed,' a hard trial with my little boy, for after attending him day and might for three weeks (he had no mother, no servant, no friend but me to watch over him), I received his last breath, and then bad, not only to direct his interment, but also to follow him to the grave, and recommend his innocent soul to his God; this was, indeed, a severe trial; but it was a duty, and I did not shrink from it."

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hey above the cataracts; the other four were attacked on board the Congo; two died in the passage out, and the serjeant of marines at the hospital at Bahia, making the total number of deaths amount to twenty one.” -

"It appears from the report of Mr. M'Kerrow, the assistant-surgeon of the Congo, that though the greater number were carried off by a most violent fever of the remittant type, some of them appeared to have no other ailment than that which had been caused by extreme fatigue, and actually to have died from exhaustion. The greater number, however, of the whole crew caught the fever, and some of them died of it who had been left aboard the Congo below the cataracts; but these were permitted to go on shore on liberty, where the day was passed in running about the country, from one village to another, and during the night lying in huts, or the open air; and though the dews were scarcely sensible at this season, the fall of the thermometer was very considerable➡15 or 20 degrees below the day. Spirituous liquors were not to be obtained, but other excesses were freely indulged in.”

1

NOTES ON A JOURNEY IN AMERICA.

Notes on a Journey in America, from the Coast of Virginia to the territory of the Illinois. By Morris Birkbeck, 8vo. Ridgeway and Sons.

beautiful district, extending through Hagar's town to the Blue ridge; he next passes the Alleghany ridge, and next across a mountainous track of one hundred and thirty miles.

THE important subjects contained in these few pages must render their perusal interesting to every Englishman. The author is one of our best agriculturalists; he addresses this small work to his English friends, after having emigrated, with all his family and his capital, to those remote and wild parts of the trans-atlantic boundaries, which are situated in the United States; assigning the motives which urged him to quit his country, to select a home in the II-equipments: these consisted of a blanket, linois.

The western state of North America is,|| at this period, fraught with interest. Every spring the emigration from the eastern states increases. The soil is found more fertile than on the eastern side; and the climate is more temperate and more healthy. Mr. Birkbeck landed at Norfolk, in Virginia, May 30, 1817, and proceeds forwards on his travels, ascending the Potowmack river; and from Maryland he describes a

Instead of following the usual course down the Ohio, the author proceeded to travel with his family westward, and traversed the wilderness with horses they had purchased at Pittsburgh, with travelling

under the saddle, another over it, a pair of saddle-bags, and a great coat and umbrella tied behind. He found the country beautiful and fertile, affording, to a numerous population, every comfort that nature can produce. The land and water are excellent, and the air wholesome. Lime, coal, mills, and navigation, are not wanting and land is worth from twenty to thirty dollars an acre.

Mr. Birkbeck advanced through the

state of Indiana to Madison Town, which is situated on the Ohio, about seventy-five miles below Cincinnati, a city, the name of which is scarce known to Europeans. The road was distant from three to six miles from the river: the whole land already purchased. From Madison to Vincennes, the author found the first part of the country uninteresting and poor; but it was succeeded by a well-watered, hilly district, extending from Camp Tavern to Sholt's Tavern on White River, thirty-six miles east of Vincennes. The author next takes his route to the newly-built capital of the Illinois, Princeton. The town is now three years old; ten miles from the river Wabash, on the banks of which Mr. Birkbeck has finally settled.

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The number of inhabitants, according to Mr. Birkbeck's account, in the Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois country, is half a million, and he supposes, that in six years they

will double that amount.

political existence: and political duties he has none, except such, as under existing circamstances, would inevitably consign him to the special guardianship of the Secretary of State for the home department.

glish farmer for that of an American proprietor, I expect to suffer many inconveniencies; but I am willing to make a great sacrifice of present ease, were it merely for the sake of obtaining, in the decliue of life, an exemption from that wearisome solicitude about pecuni. ary affairs, from which even the affluent find no refuge in England; and for my children, a career of enterprise, and wholesome family connexions, in a society whose institutions are favourable to virtue; and, at last, the consolation of leaving them efficient members of a flourishing, public-spirited, energetic community, where the insolence of wealth, and the servility of pauperism, between which, in England, there is scarcely an interval remain ing, are alike unknown,"

"In exchanging the condition of an En

NORFOLK, IN VIRGINIA.

"Norfolk is a large town, containing ten thousand inhabitants; the streets are in right lines, and sufficiently spacious, with wide Paved causeways before the houses, which are

good looking and cleauly. A large market house in the centre of the principal street, with negroes selling for their masters fiue

saw, and dearer than the best in England. Veal, such as never was exposed in an English market, 101d. per pound; lamb, of similar quality and price. Most wretched borses waiting, without food or shelter, to drag home the carts which had brought in the provisions; but, worst of all, the multitude of negroes, many of them miserable creatures, others cheerful enough; but, on the whole, this first glimpse of a slave population is extremely depressing. And is it, thought I, to be a member of such a society, that I have quitted England."

We shall now, having seen Mr. Birkbeck settled, after his long journey, proceed to lay before our readers a few extracts, from a work, evidently written in haste, as the author was travelling; that, however, does not destroy the interest of its subject; the mother country must ever feel awake to that of the American colonists, whose pros-vegetables, and bad meat-the worst I ever perity ought to be a subject of pleasure to England, as a free and commercial nation. SITUATION OF AN ENGLISH FARMER, “An English farmer, to which class I had the honour to belong, is in possession of the same rights and privileges with the villains of old times, and exhibits, for the most part, a suitable political character. He has no voice in the appointment of the legislature, unless he happen to possess a freehold of forty shil. lings a year; and he is then expected to vote in the interest of his landlord. He has no concern with public affairs, excepting as a tax-payer, a parish officer, or a militia man; He has no right to appear at a county meet. ing, unless the word 'inhabitant' should find its way into the sheriff's invitation: in this case, he may shew his face among the nobility, clergy, and freeholders: a felicity which onee occurred to myself, when the inhabitants of Surrey were invited to assist the gentry in crying down the income tax.

"Thus, having no elective frauchise, an English farmer can scarcely be said to have a

MR. BIRKBECK'S JOURNEY AFTER LEAV
ING WASHINGTON, &c.

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"We have now fairly turned our backs on the old world, and find ourselves in the very stream of emigration. Old America seems to be breaking up, and moving westward. We are seldom out of sight, as we travel on this grand track, towards the Ohio, of family groups, behind and before us, some with a view to a particular spot; close to a brother, perhaps, or a friend, who had gone before, and

reported well of the country. Many, like our

twenty miles square, and it already contaim

selves, when they arrive in the wilderness, will || thirty thousand inhabitants. Twenty years

find no lodge prepared for them.

"A small waggon (so light that you might || almost carry it, yet strong enough to bear a || good load of bedding, utensils, and provisions, || and a swarm of young citizens, and to sustain marvellous shocks in its passage over these rocky heights), with two small horses; some times a cow or two, comprise their 'all, excepting a little store of hard-earned cash for the land office of the district; where they may obtain a title for as many acres as they possess half dollars, being one-fourth of the purchase money. The waggon has a tilt, or cover, made of a sheet, or perhaps a blanket The T family are seen before, bebind, or within the vehicle, according to the road, or the weather, or perhaps, the spirits of the party.

The new Englanders, they say, may be known by the cheerful air of the women, advancing in front of the vehicle; the Jersey people, by their being fixed steadily within it, while the Pensylvanians creep lingering he

hind, as though regretting the homes they have left. A cart and single horse frequently afford the means of transfer, sometimes a borse and a packs.ddle. Often the back of the poor pilgrim bears all his effects, and his wife follows, naked footed, bending under the hopes of the family."

DESCRIPTION OF CINCINNATI. «Cincinnati is a most thriving place, and backed, as it is already, by a great population and a most fruitful country, bids fair to be one of the first cities of the west. We are told, and we cannot doubt the fact, that the chief of what we see is the work of four years. The hundreds of commodious, well-finished brick houses, the spacious and busy markets, the substantial public buildings, the thousands of prosperous, well-dressed, industrious inha bitants; the numerous waggons and drays, the gay carriages and elegant females; the Shoals of craft on the river, the busy stir prevailing every where; house building, boat building, paving and levelling streets; the numbers of country people, constantly coming and going; with the spacious taverns, crowded with travellers from a distance."

RAPID POPULATION, &c. AT CINCINNATI.

"I was assured by a respectable gentleman, one of the first settlers, and now a man of wealth and influence, that he remembers when there was only one poor cabin where this noble town now stands. The county of Hamilton is something under the regular dimensions of

ago, the vast region, containing the states of Ohio and Indiana, and the territory of Illinois and Michigan, only amounted to 30,000 in babitants: the number that are now living, and living happily, in the little county of Hamil ton, in which stands Cincinnati."

SURE METHOD OF PREVENTING EMIGRA

TION!

"Why do not the governments of Europe afford such an asylum, in their vast and gloomy forests, for their increasing myriads of paupers? This would be an object worthy a convention of sovereigns,—if sovereigns were really the fathers of their people: but, jealous as they are of emigration to America, this simple, and sure mode of preventing it, will never occur to them."

THE HUNTER-GUIDE.

"Incarceration may seem to be a term less

applicable to the condition of a roving backwoodsman than to any other, and especially unsuitable to the habits of this individual and his family; for the cabin in which he enter tained us is the third dwelling he has built within the last twelve mouths; and a very slender motive would place him in a fourth before the ensuing winter. In his general babits, the hunter rauges as freely as the beasts he pursues; labouring under no restraint, his activity is only bounded by his own physical powers: still be is incarcerated'Shut from the common air.' Buried in the depth of a boundless forest, the breeze of health never reaches these poor wanderers; the bright prospect of distant bills fading away into the semblance of clouds, never cheered their sight. They are tall and pale, like vegetables that grow in a vault, pining for light.

"The man, his pregnant wife, his eldest son, a tall half naked youtby just initiated into the hunters' arts, his three daughters, growing up into great rude girls, and a squalling tribe of dirty brats, of both sexes, are of one pale yellow, without the slightest tint of healthful

bloom."

THE HUNTER'S CABIN.

"The cabin, which may serve as a specimen of these rudiments of houses, was formed of round logs, with apertures of three or four inches between. No chimney, but large intervals between the clap boards,' for the escape of the smoke. The roof was, however, a more effectual covering than we have gene

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rally experienced, as it protected us very tolerably from a drenching night. Two bedsteads of unbewn logs, and cleft boards laid across; two chairs, one of them without a bottom, and a low stool, were all the furniture required by this numerous family. A string of buffalo hides stretched across the hovel, was a wardrobe for their rags; and their utensils, consisting of a large iron pot, some baskets, the effective rifle, and two that were superannuated, stood about in corners: and the fiddle, which was only silent when we were asleep, hung by them."

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THE EMIGRANT'S REFLECTIONS.

The world we have left at so remote a distance, and of which we hear so little, seems to my imagination like a past scene, and its transactions as matters of history, rather than of present interest. But there are times when the recollection of individuals dear to us, and whom we cannot hope to meet again on earth, might be too painful; but the occupations which surround us soon demand our attention, and afford not a care for this, which is the only serious ill that we experience for gut change, but a sute alleviation,"

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VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY TO THE WEST COAST OF COREA, AND THE GREAT LOO-CHOO ISLAND.

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Voyage of Discovery to the West Coast of Corea,
orea, and the
Captain Basil Hall, R. N. F. R.S. &c. &c.

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The record of occurrences is in the form of a journal, and commences from the first of September, 1816, when the Alceste and the Lyra, being in company, the land of Corea was first distinguished. They in mediately anchored near one of the islands next the coast, and had an interview with the natives, some of whom went off, iu a boat, but would not go along-side the ship;|| yet they evinced nothing like alarm, when a few of the English landed: and though they appeared at first amused, and full o wonder, at the clothing of their visitors. yet their astonishment soon gave place to apathy; and all their desire seemed only to get rid of them. A Chinese had accom panied Captain Hall, as an interpreter, but he was of no use, as he could neither write, read, nor speak the language of Corea.

Captain Hall saw the women all employed in beating rice in wooden mortars, with their children tied to their backs; the vil lages were next examined, and were found to consist of about forty houses, constructed

Great Loo Choo Island. By 4to. Murrayo unawend

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in a rude manner, of reeds, plaistered together with mud; they were not divided into streets, and each house had heaps of mud and a pool of water, in the space between: the natives not only seemed haughty, but evinced a want of curiosity which was really astonishing.

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On the third of September the voyagers sailed among a long range of islands, and went to one of them by means of a small, uut excellent, bay. The natives addressed long speeches to them, and seemed equally pleased to be answered in the same manner: but as neither party understood the other, the patives made a sign of drawing their fins, or their hand, across their throat, which scenied to intimate, that if they harboured strangers there, they should certainly lose their heads.

The islands the English had before visit.. ed, were called, in future, Sir John Hail's islands: the natives of this last-mentioned island were not so surly as those belonging to Sir John Hall's group: yet, when their stranger guests were about to leave them, they shewed that alacrity to assist them in their departure, as proved they were not sorry they were going; and, on perceiving one of the boats had got aground, they jumped hastily into the water to push her off.

Captain Hall and his officers landed afterwards on, the shore of several other islands in this Archipelago; but no one was

to be seen abroad in the streets when the English reached them. When the voyagers came to Loo-Choo Island, they found it peopled with a happy race of inhabitants, enjoying all the forms of civilization without its vices: their hospitality was cordial and sincere, and their curiosity tempered by politeness; their women seemed to be secluded with the rigor of Eastern nations; yet their domestic tyranny had not rendered them ferocious masters; neither was their behaviour to strangers tinctured with any kind of jealousy, or, in the least, repulsive.

The intercourse of our countrymen with these interesting islanders was free and unreserved; it might be almost said to amount to personal affection; and was the source of many acts of mutual kindness. Their religion appeared to be that of Fo; but it was not made a matter of general instruction, and was but carelessly observed. The harder kind of labour was imposed on the women; and with regard to the literature of the men, it was impossible to ascertain much their books were in the Chinese language. There was no coined money to be seen; no warlike arms, and, indeed, the natives allowed that they had none. They appeared strangers, too, to domestic dissensions, as well as to foreign hostility. Their honesty was unimpeachable, not a single instance of theft occurred, though the people went on board every day, and rambled about the ship, as they pleased, unwatched and unattended.

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Their cattle was of the small black breed, allotted to the service of agriculture; the horses slight, and much used for riding. The animals made use of for diet consisted of hogs, goats, and poultry, with a great variety of vegetables; they never made use of milk, either as food or beverage. Their manufactories consisted of cotton cloths, some of very elegant patterns, but their silks came from Chipa. ›

It is extraordinary, that not a single instance of deformity was to be seen among these people; nor was there the appearance of any prevalent disease: except that same faces bore indications of the small-pox.

a part of the western coast of Corea. A copious vocabulary of the Loo-Choo language, by Lieut. Clifford, concludes the Volume."

We shall now close our account of this voyage with the following extracts:FIRST VISIT OF THE NATIVES OF LOO-CHOO TO THE SHIP.

"Business being over, the chiefs were asked to walk round the cabin, an invitation which they accepted with manifest satisfaction. During the conferences, they had preserved a gravity suited to an important ceremony ; and, though surrounded by new and curious objects, had never expressed the least curiosity. They were now no longer formal, and looked over the various articles with attention, tak ing particular notice of the globes, books, and mirrors. Their manners are remarkably gentle and unassuming. They are observant, and not without curiosity; but they require encouragement to induce them to come forward, being restrained, it would seem, by a gentle self denial, from gratifying curiosity, destrit might be thought obtrusive. Their dress is singularly graceful; it consists of a loose flowing robe, with very wide sleeves, died round the middle by a broad rich belt or girdle, of wrought silk, a yellow cylindrical cap, and a neat straw sandal, over a short cotton boot or stocking. Two of the chiefs wore light yellow robes, the other dark blue streaked with white, all of cotton. The cap is flat at top, and appears to be formed by winding a broad band diagonally round a frame, în such a manner, that at each turn a small portion of the last fold shall be visible above' în frent, and below at the hinder part. The sandal is kept on by a stiff straw band passing over the instep, and joining the sandal near the heel; this band is tied to the fore part by a slight string, drawn between the great toe and the next, the stocking having a division like the finger of a glove for the great toe. They all carry fans, which they stick in their girdles when not in use, and each person has a short tobacco pipe in a small bag, hanging. along with the pouch, at the girdle. When they had satisfied themselves with looking over the cabin, they went away, with a promise of returning in the evening, as soon as the answer from the great man should arrive."

DESCRIPTION OF PRINCE SHANG PANGAL FWEE'S PERSON, &C.

The second part of Captain Hall's account is in the form of an appendix. It contains, among its scientific and geological information, a chart of the Gulf of Pechee-lee, in the Yellow Sea, and a chart of || silk, lined with silk a shade lighter, over which ·

"He was clothed in a robe of light blue

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