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577

THE SOUTH EAST OF EUROI

MODERN TURKEY.

AMONG the lower orders of the
people, there is considerable simplicity
and loyalty of character, and a fair
disposition to be obliging and friendly.
Among those who emerge from the
mass, and have the opportunities of
helping themselves to the good things
of the world, the exceptions from
thorough-paced corruption and extor-
tion are most rare; and in the whole
conduct of public business and routine
of official life, under much apparent
courtesy and undeviating good breed-
ing, a spirit of servility, detraction,
and vindictiveness appears constantly
at work. The bulk of the people is
incredibly uninformed and ignorant:
I am told that now they fully believe
that the French and English fleets
have come in the pay of the Sultan:
and when the Austrian special mission
of the Count Leiningen arrived in the
early part of this year, and led, by
the way, to much of what has since
occurred, they were persuaded that its
object was to obtain the permission of
the Sultan for the young emperor to
wear his crown. Upon the state of
morals I debar myself from entering.
Perhaps the most fatal, if not the
most faulty bar to national progress,
is the incurable indolence which per-
vades every class alike, from the Pasha,
puffing his perfumed narghilé in his
latticed kiosk on the Bosphorus, to
the man in the ragged turban who
sits cross-legged with his unadorned
tchibouque in front of a mouldy coffee-

F

shop in the mean
the conversation
I meet, who is
state of the pop
exceptions, migh
an illustration, oft
on their part,
assigned to the
Apocalpse, of
Euphrates being
continent, in th
Greek peasant w
the Turk reclin
and decays. T
creases its popul
children; in the
find roofless w
mosques. State
these matters wi
told of the rotter
Empire, are apt
at all perceive
General inspect
other day, and
with its efficie
Captain went on
saw them work
that it could not
English ship. T
are perfect mode
good order. I
true, and I can
one or two camp
outburst, the Tu
over their Russ
when you leave
of the capital
establishments,
over the broad s

owever, most truthfully sum l that I have seen, or read, among persons of different ations, and principles, that t government of Greece e about the most inefficient, d, above all, contemptible, a nation was ever cursed. tution is so worked as to be and flagrantly evaded or the liberty of election is infringed; and where no ery or intimidation are -charges from which we m can, I fear, by no means n exemption,-the absence ers, who regard the whole a mockery, is compensated oral boxes being filled with ers by the gendarmerie,-a mpudence to which we have red. Persons the most distheir characters and antee forced on the reluctant ies, and even occasionally o places of high trust and The absence of legislative ot atoned for by the vigour cutive in promoting public nts. Agriculture stagnates; es do not exist; the coms, except in the immediate ood of the capital, where good, are deplorable; the -and here I can hardly exighbourhood of the capital ch robbers. The navy, for aptitude of the people is consists of one vessel; the is not paid: an offer by a I respectable individuals to steam navigation, for which

should still stop far short of despair. Lord Carlisle.

THE FORTRESS OF SEBASTOPOL.

Not longer than sixty years ag
Sebastopol was a miserable Tarta
village; but, about that time,
Frenchman, who was travelling in th
Crimea, was struck with the natura
advantages of a position, which he
once saw might be made, if properl
fortified, one of the first naval station
in the world. His observations
this effect, on his return to St. Peter
burgh, reached the ears of the Empres
Catherine, who dispatched engineer
to visit the spot, and, their repo
corroborating that of the Frenchma
fortifications were commenced, whic
have been gradually increased almo
ever since, until it has become capabl
of bidding defiance to any but th
most powerful armaments.
Its mai
advantages may be thus describe
The principal harbour, called th
Roads, stretching inland to a leng
of more than four miles, is so, capa
cious, and the anchorage so good, tha
the fleets of nations might ride in
safe from every wind, and such is th
great depth of water that a man-o
war of the largest size can lie withi
a cable's length of the shore. Beside
this there are five other small bays
branching off in various directions
equally commodious, and, singula
enough, the great harbour, togethe
with the small bays, are all lined by
continuation of capes, strong and
easily defended, as if formed by natur

ad shores of Greece offer expressly for a naval station.

TOPOL

Pars ag

Tartar time,

g in the natur

ch he a proper stations

tions to

Peters Empress gineers

report

chman

which

almost

capable

put the

s mai

cribe

d the
ength

сара
, that

in it
is the
an-of-
within
sides

bays,

tions,

gular

ether

by a and

ture

dom, in a very few years we should
people the Turkish wilderness with a
population of intelligent agriculturists,
enterprising merchants, and active
traders; men of the world, who would
add by their industry, not only to the
resources of the Turkish empire, but
by their example infuse a portion of
their own life and vigour into the few
remaining inhabitants. We should
then hear no more of a Slavo Tartar
protectorate.

THE CAUCASUS.

Much of the pleasing and hopeful
descriptions, both physical and moral,
which are given of Circassia, apply
also to the wilder regions of the
Caucasus. To the achievement of the
conquest of both these important
regions Russia has devoted many
years of unsparing but unavailing
effort. It will scarcely be believed
that the hostilities conducted against
the inhabitants of the Caucasus alone
cost the Russian empire an annual
loss of thirty thousand lives! Of
these countries we may say, as of the
Crimea, that the declaration of their
independence, coupled with an honour-
able alliance with the western powers
and Turkey, would almost confine the
operation of the unprincipled barbarity
of the Czar to the unfortunate subjects
of his own immediate dominions."
would interpose an impassable barrier
between Russia and the East; thus
not only protecting Persia and the
other intervening countries, but con-
stituting the strongest safeguard to
the immense dependencies of Great

It

the use of tha regenerate the to suppose that a focus from w guage, literatur tion, and religi radiate through of the east, and of the Asiatic S shall brighten prophesy, preg destiny of milli

THE PRIEST

Appear to be de it requires all the belief that practising upor ignorance of th words of Capta in a very striki states that thei ferior to that other sect of that no other burdened by so stitions, and t tends more to and to degrade condition of a w as we do in th of Romanisın, virulence, and o which is rapidly infection, we de these represent listen to the wa us of the depths to which a misl evitably conduc