2a. We survey her in different views.

3a1. According to some of these views, this prejudice is capable of exalting beyond measure the lustre of her character. 4a1. According to others, it is capable of diminishing it (contr.). Note.-A. la' adv. conces. 2a1 att. la2 adv. cause, (3a1.. 4a1) att. 2a2 att.

Chapter V.-Synthesis of Compound Sentences.

49. Rules of Construction in Compound Sentences :I. The members of a compound sentence being either simple or complex clauses (§ 24), the same rules of construction apply to them as to simple and complex sentences (S$ 43, 46). II. In addition to the figures of construction proper to simple or complex sentences (§ 43, III.), the compound sentence admits Climax, also a figure of construction, which consists of a series of exclamations, rising generally from the weakest to the strongest form; as, "What a piece of work is man! how noble in reason! how infinite in faculties !— in form, and moving, how express and admirable! in action, how like an angel! in apprehension, how like a god!" III. Co-ordinate clauses are frequently contracted by the omission of elements common to both.

50. Rules for Punctuation in Compound Sentences

I. Since the compound sentence is made up of simple and complex clauses, the same rules of punctuation apply within each of these as in the case of simple and complex sentences (§§ 44, 47).

II. Co-ordinate clauses, unless when very closely connected and similar in construction, are separated from each other by semicolons. Especially must this point be used when any of the clauses has a comma within itself; as,

A, a; B, b1, b2; C, D.

III. When a principal clause, containing an independent proposition, is appended to a sentence, without a conjunction, it is preceded by a colon; as,

แ "To reason with him was vain: he was infatuated."

A: B.

IV. In contracted sentences, the omissions are indicated

by commas.

51. Of these principles we give the following

Example.

I. The Elements

a1. At times industry and the arts flourish.

A. In these times men are kept in perpetual occupation.

B. They enjoy the occupation itself as their reward.

c. Some pleasures are the fruit of their labours.

C. They also enjoy these pleasures as their reward (contr.).
Note.-A. a1 adv, time + B + C, c1 att.

II. The Compound Sentence

In times when industry and the arts flourish, men are kept in perpetual occupation; and enjoy as their reward the occupation itself, as well as those pleasures which are the fruit of their labour.

Exercise 15.

1. la'. Suppose that the great could be taught any lesson.
A. This might serve to teach them one.

a. The glory of some persons is built upon popular applause.
2a1. Their glory stands upon a weak foundation (exclam.).
161. Such persons praise something.

b. That something seems like merit.

B. Such persons as quickly condemn something.
261. That something has only the appearance of guilt.
Note.-A. 1a1 adv. cond. 2a1 subs. (obj.) a2 alt.
... B. 1b1 adv. man. b2 subs. 2b1 subs.

2. a1 We do not discern many stars with our naked eyes.
A. We see these stars by the help of our glasses.
b1. Our telescopes are the finer.

B. Our discoveries in that proportion are the more.
Note.-A. a1 att. + B. b1 adv. deg.

3. la'. The present task has not been previously attempted.
A. This I may at least plead in excuse.

2a1. Suppose that I accomplish the present task but imperfectly. b2. I have to state something to you on this subject.

b1. You will view that something rather as the outline of a course of reasoning, than as anything pretending to finished argument.

B. This I request.

Note.-A. la1 subs. 2a1 adv. cond.

.. B. b1 subs. b2 att.

4.

a1. You would gain the favour of the Deity.

A. You must be at the pains of worshipping the Deity.
B. You must study to oblige good men.

b1. You would gain the friendship of good men (contr.).
C. You must take care to serve your country.
c1. You would be honoured by your country.
1d. You would be eminent in war or peace.
2d1. Certain qualifications can make you so.

D. In short, you must become master of all these qualifications.
Note.-A. a1 adv. cond. + B. b1 adv. cond.

1

+C. c1 adv. cond. + D. 1d1 adv. cond. 2d1 att.

5. a1. Sir Roger is landlord to the whole congregation.

A. He keeps the whole congregation in very good order.

b1. By chance he has been surprised into a good nap at sermon, B. Upon recovering out of it he stands up.

C. He looks about him (contr.).

D. He wakes them himself.

E. He sends his servant to them.

de. He sees somebody else nodding.

Note.-A. a1adv. cause ··· B. b1 cond. + C. + D. — E. de adv. cond.

6. A. Sir Roger has likewise added six pounds a year to the clerk's place.

161. The present incumbent is very old.

B. Sir Roger has promised, on the present incumbent's death, to bestow the clerk's place according to merit.

261. He wishes to encourage the young fellows to make themselves perfect in the church service.

Note.-A. B. 1b1 att. 2b1 adv. purpose.

7. A. We have great deference for public opinion. b. Something is good.

b1. Nothing but that can be permanently popular. B. This we readily admit.

Note.-A.B. b1 subs. b2 att.

8. ab. Johnson was not affected by paltry vexations.
A. He had seen much of sharp misery (contr.).
B. He had felt much of sharp misery.

e. He was much hardened to these vexations (contr.).
c1. Everybody ought to be as much so.

C. This he seemed to think.

Note.-A. B. ab adv. effect. + C. c1 subs. c2 adv. deg.

9. A. I at first kept my usual silence.

b1. Was it more like himself than a Saracen ?

B. Upon the knight's conjuring me to tell him this, I composed my countenance in the best manner I could.

c. Much might be said on both sides.

C. This I replied.

Note.-A. X B. b1 subs. + C. c1 subs.

10. 1a. You have been pleased to take some notice of my labours. 2a1. It had been early.

A. It would have been kind.

B. It has been delayed till now. 161. Now I am indifferent.

261. Now I cannot enjoy it (contr.). 361. Now I am solitary.

461. Now I cannot impart it (contr.). 561. Now I am known.

661. Now I do not want it (contr.).

Note.-A. la1 att 2a1 adv. cond.

x B. 1b1 2b1 adv. time 3b1 4b1 adv. time 5b1 6b1 adv. time.

11. A. We blush for the impudence and rudeness of another. a1. He himself appears to have no sense of the impropriety of his own behaviour.

b2. We had behaved in so absurd a manner.

b1. We ourselves should have been overwhelmed with confusion. B. We cannot help feeling with what confusion.

Note.-A. a1 adv. conces. ·.· B. b1 subs. b2 adv. cond.

12. a1. Providence only intended you to write posies for rings, or mottoes for twelfth cakes.

A. Keep to posies and mottoes.

b1. A villanous epic poem in twelve books (may be respectable). · B. A good motto for a twelfth-cake is more respectable.

Note.-A. a1 adv. cond... B. b1 adv. deg.

13. a1. Sentinels endeavoured to prevent the people from trespassing on the parapet.

A. These sentinels were wedged amongst the crowd.

b1. An officer ordered the sentinels to drive the people down with their bayonets, not very prudently upon such an occasion. B. That officer was compelled rapidly to retire.

C. The people would not be debarred from gazing, till the last moment, upon the hero,-the darling hero of England. Note.-A. a1 att. + B. b1 att... C.

14. A. The modes of intellectual enjoyment in modern times are multiplied.

a1. The choice is absolutely distracted.

b. A certain exhibition presupposes a state of tense exertion, on the part both of auditor and performer.

161. Any considerable audience could be found for that exhibition. B. This would be marvellous indeed, in a boundless theatre of pleasures.

261. These pleasures may be had at little or no cost of intellectual activity.

Note.-A. a1 adv. eff. + B. 1b1 adv. cond. b3 att. 2b1 att.

15. la1. We sometimes cordially congratulate our friends.

a2. This, however, to the disgrace of human nature, we do but seldom.

A. At such times their joy literally becomes our joy.

b1. They are happy.

B. For the moment we are as happy.

C. Our heart swells with real pleasure.

D. Our heart overflows with real pleasure (contr.).

E. Joy and complacency sparkle from our eyes.

F. Joy and complacency animate every feature of our counte-
nance, and every gesture of our body.

Note.-A. a1 adv. time a2 att. + B. b1 adv. deg.
+C. + D. + E. + F.

16. A. We prepare to meet the blow.

ab. The blow is coming.

B. We think to ward off, or break the force of, the blow.

c. Something cannot be avoided.

C. That we arm ourselves with patience to endure.

D. We agitate ourselves with fifty needless alarms about it.
ef. The blow is struck.

E. The pang is over.

F. The struggle is no longer necessary.

g1. We can help to harass or torment ourselves about it somewhat.

G. We cease to harass or torment ourselves more.

Note.-A. B. ab adv. time + C. c1 att. + D.

XE. F. ef adv. time + G. g1. adv. degree.

17. a1. Reparation for wrong cannot otherwise be obtained (than by war).

A. Then war is just.

162. It is levied by a nation.

262. It professes to avert evils.

161. It is not likely to expose that nation to these evils.

B. Then only is it conformable to all the principles of morality. 862. A nation has done the wrong.