it is of importance to have this subject placed in a proper light. We would not, indeed, estimate the true prosperity of a Christian society, by what it raises for the support of the minister: this would in many cases be a very fallacious criterion. But we do say, that the state of religion must be very low, where the minister is suffered to remain in a condition bordering on pauperism. On the common principles of justice and honesty, "the labourer is worthy of his hire;" and what are we to think of their honesty, who are content to profit by the labour which they leave others to pay for? But are they But are they" God's ministers, "attending continually upon this very thing?" The obligation becomes still more sacred. And are their services a means of religious benefit? Then, in addition to the just wages of their labour, there is a superadded claim, a debt of gratitude, of which no individual who has imbibed the spirit of the Gospel, will think lightly. And" they who sow sparingly," can but expect to" reap sparingly."

Art. VIII. Memoirs of the late Mrs. Mary Barfield, of Thatcham; (formerly Miss Summers of Hammersmith ;) with Extracts from her Correspondence. Compiled by her Brother, S. Summers. 12mo. pp. 140. Price 3s. London, 1821.

THESE pages were not originally intended to meet the pub

lic eye, but were compiled as a memorial of one whose virtues endeared her to a large circle of friends, and who, both in life and in death, exhibited a lovely and attractive example of the power of religion. The Editor has been induced to submit them to more extended perusal, from the hope that they will serve to recommend even to strangers, those principles to which all the excellence of her character is to be traced. The greater part of the volume is occupied with extracts from Miss Summers's confidential correspondence, which amply testify the solidity of her judgement, and the experimental and practical character of her religious views and feelings. Her piety,' says her brother,

was eminently practical, and deeply influential; it was the standard to which every action was referred, the test by which every feeling and inclination was tried. It was characterized by deep humility, habitual self-examination, and unfeigned penitence. Having publicly avowed her attachment to God and his people, she considered that profession as a sacred investiture, involving high and solemn responsibilities; and perhaps, seldom have they been more conscientiously fulfilled. From this new and happy era of her life, she seemed to regard herself as the steward only of her time, her talents, and even her health. Friendship and society might no longer put in their claim to either, when that claim would have entrenched on the demands of the poor, or interrupted the duties devolving upon her as the member of a Christian Church.

Her life conveys a striking reproof to many who, with equal talents and equal advantages, are still, if not blots, at least blanks, in the world and in the church."

The cheerful and steady composure with which she waited for her dissolution, when her recovery was pronounced hopeless; the firmness with which her mind grasped the certain hope of immortality, and the solicitude she manifested for the religious interests of her household, are highly striking and exemplary. We sincerely concur in the hope that the publication by its monitory efficacy, may realize the obvious intention, and more than repay the affectionate labours of the Biographer.

Art. IX. Reasons for Opposition to the Principles and Measures of the
Present Administration. 8vo. pp. 56. London. 1821.
THIS pamphlet cannot lay claim to the merit of originality,

or powerful eloquence, or depth of thought, but the Author treads in the steps of Mr. Hume, whose arithmetical eloquence has been found far more efficient than the most splendid declamation. He rests his reasons mainly on facts and figures, the hardest of all arguments. The great fault of the pamphlet is, that it betrays too much of the party-writer, being written throughout in the spirit of an indictment. The Writer concludes his address with calling upon that proportion of the people of England who have any thing to do with electing representatives, to exercise their invaluable privilege, at the next general Election, by rejecting the supporters of ministers As if the people really had it in their power to deprive any set of ministers of a Parliamentary majority! No: the country is fairly wedded to the present ministry, to have and to hold, for richer for poorer, for better for worse, in sickness and in health, and death alone can them part. To displace them is out of the question: to oppose them by all constitutional means, may be reasonable enough; and even a party opposition is better than none. But, as to the efficiency of such patriotic endeavours, we fear that things must be worse before they are better: they must at least become so bad as to make the Aristocracy take part with the people; and then, and not till then, need we dream of a change of system. In the mean time, there is little justice in making out the Administration to be the root of all evil. To charge them with being the authors of our present sufferings, is manifestly unfair. We are now but paying the price of a twenty years' glorious war, which to our landed gentry, clergy, army, navy, contractors, and loan jobbers, was a source of the highest satisfaction; into the spirit of which these large classes of the nation entered with enthusiasm. Why blame the Minister for the madness of the nation? The com

petency of the present Administration to meet the extraordinary exigency of affairs may be questioned; but of their sincerity in wishing to meet it by any means short of crippling their pa tronage, there is no reason to doubt. Opposition, then, if it be honest opposition, ought to be directed against measures and principles, not against the men, who are but the creatures, the representatives, and the agents of a system of politics, which neither originated with them, nor will die with them, and which greater talents would only render more formidable to the welfare of the country.

Art. X. 1. A Treatise on the Art of Brewing, exhibiting the London Practice of Brewing Porter, Brown Stout, Ale, Table Beer, and various other Kinds of Malt Liquors. By Frederick Accum. Plates. 12mo. 1 pp. 122. Price 9s. London. 1820.

2. A Treatise on the Art of making Wine from native Fruits; exhibiting the Chemical Principles on which the Art of Wine-making depends the Fruits best adapted for home-made Wines, and the Method of preparing them. By Frederic Accum. 12mo, pp. 92. Price 3s. London.. 1820...

3. A practical Treatise to render the Art of Brewing more easy. By E. N. Hayman. 12mo, pp. 117. London. 1819.

MR. ACCUM, in compiling his Treatise on Wines, has been

much indebted to Dr. Macculloch's valuable "Remarks on the Art of making Wine"; a work by no means superseded by the present manual.

Mr. A's Treatise on Brewing must be allowed to be comprehensive, and, to the Trade, will be, we doubt not, sufficiently intelligible, having enough of scientific principle to give certainty to the different processes, and containing some highly useful Tables. The chief fault of the work is, that its directions are somewhat too complicated, and relate to a scale of proceeding too large, to be readily understood and advantageously adopted by unscientific persons in their domestic operations. We transcribe the Author's short historical Introduction.

The art of preparing vinous liquors from nutritive farinaceous seeds, previously subjected to the process of germination, or malting, appears to have been known and practised in very remote ages, among those people who lived in countries that are not adapted for the culture of the grape.

The ancient Greek writers gave the name of barley wine to malt liquors. The invention of brewing is ascribed to the Egyptians; from whence it seems to have passed to those western nations which were settled by the colonies that migrated from the east. The town of Pelusium, situated on one of the mouths of the Nile, was particularly celebrated for VOL. XVII. N. S.

2 F

its manufacture of malt liquors. Herodotus attributes the discovery of the art of brewing to Isis, the wife of Osiris.

"Galen, who lived at Rome, and flourished in the reign of Antoninus Pius, and Dioscorides, the favourite of Mark Antony, were neither of them strangers to ale.

"Tacitus informs us, that beer was known in very remote ages among the northern nations, and that this liquor was the favourite drink of the Anglo-Saxons, and Danes, as it had been of their ancestors, the Germans. Before their conversion to Christianity, they believed that drinking large and frequent draughts of fermented malt liquors was one of the chief felicities which those heroes enjoyed, which were admitted into the hall of Odin.

'After the introduction of agriculture into this country, malt liquors were substituted for mead, and became the most general drink of all the ancient Britons; both ale and beer is (are) mentioned in the laws of Ina, king of Wessex.

Among the different kinds of drinks provided for a royal banquet in the reign of Edward the Confessor, ale is particularly specified. In Scotland and Wales they had at that time two kinds of ale, called common ale, and aromatic ale, both of which were considered as articles of great luxury among the Welsh. Wine, it appears, was then unknown even to the king of Wales.

'Buchan, in his history of Scotland, mentions the use of malt liquor at a very early period, and calls it vinum ex frugibus corruptis.

The heroic, but ill-fated, Mungo Park, found the art of brewing beer among the negroes in the interior parts of Africa. They prepare the seed of the Holcus Spicatus nearly in the same manner as we do barley, and he says that their beer was, to his taste, equal to the best strong malt liquor he had ever tasted in his native country.

All the ancient malt liquors, however, seem to have been made entirely of barley, or some other farinaceous grain, and therefore were not generally calculated for long keeping, as this quality depends considerably, though not entirely, on the bitter principle of the hops with which the liquor is impregnated. The use of this plant in the art of brewing is of modern date.'

Mr. Hayman's is a useful little volume, with calculations, tables, and an appendix strongly recommending the mixture of a proportion of unmalted barley with the regularly prepared Malt.

ART. XI. SELECT LITERARY INFORMATION.

Gentlemen and Publishers who have works in the Press, will oblige the Conductors of the ECLECTIC REVIEW, by sending information (post paid) of the subject, extent, and probable price of such works ; which they may depend upon being communicated to the public, if consistent with its plan.

Rare and Select Historical and Theological Tracts connected with Nonconformity. The Rev. Mr. Redford, of Uxbridge, proposes to publish by subscription, an octavo volume of about 600 or 700 pages, containing a selection of very choice, rare, aud interesting Tracts, connected with the history of Nonconformity. At present, it is intended to include in the volume, The Discourse of the Troubles of Francfort, &c. 1577; several of the celebrated Mar-Prelate Tracts; a few Tracts by the early Independents, or Brownists; Vincent Alsop's Mischief of Impositions; Marvel's Rehearsal Transprosed, and Answer to Davison; Palmer's Vindication of Dissenting Academies against Wesley, 1706; Clegg's Life of Ashe; Defoe's satirical tract, called the Shortest Way with Dissenters, &c. &c.

As the object in this publication is not gain, but the preservation of works deeply interesting to any Dissenter, though nearly extinct, it will not be undertaken unless a sufficient number of names be transmitted to cover the expense; which it is supposed will not exceed twelve or fourteen shillings. The tracts contained in the volume will be a literal reprint from the earliest and best editions, and without åbridgement. The names of persons disposed to encourage this undertaking should be transmitted without delay (post paid) to Mr. Hamilton, 33, Pater

noster-row.

The "Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge in the Diocese of St. David's," have awarded a premium of £50. to Mr. H. V. Tebbs, proctor, Doctors' Commons, for the best Essay on "the Scripture doctrine of Adultery and Divorce, and on the criminal character and punishment of Adultery by the ancient laws of England, and other countries;" which he will shortly publish.

A Second Edition of the Rev. T. Young's three Sermons on St. Paul's doctrine of Justification by Faith,

Original Sin, and Predestination, with
Notes, will be speedily published.

Rivington's Annual Register for 1810 will appear in a few days.

Mr. Charles Lloyd has in the press, Beritola, a tale; the Duke d'Ormond, and other poenis. In 1 vol. foolscap

8vo.

In the course of the present month will be published, The Church of England Psalm Book, or Portions of the Psalter adapted by Selections from the New and Old Versions to the Services of the Established Church. By the Rev. Rann Kennedy, A. M. Author of Thoughts on the music and words of Psalmody, &c.

Hebrew Elements. T. Keyworth and D. Jones are preparing a second edition of Principia Hebraica, in 2 vols. pocket size, to be sold separately. One volume to contain the Grammar; the other to comprise an Analysis of 300 verses taken from the Psalms; but arranged in connexion with each other. The English translation to be printed page for page with the Hebrew, instead of being interlined as in the first edition. To the Analysis will be prefixed, a selection of isolated words, containing all the common roots in the Bible, which do not occur in the Analysis. These sepa rate words will be classed according to their forms, each class presenting a praxis on a rule of the Gramınar, and thus superseding the necessity of the far greater part of the explanatory marks which accompany the Analysis in the first edition.

Suggestions for the improvement of this work are respectfully solicited, and may be sent, post paid, to Mr. Hamilton, 33, Paternoster-row.

In the press, Elements of Thought, adapted to the use of schools; and es. pecially designed to aid the studies of young persons who wish to supply thedefects of a common education. By Isaac Taylor, junior.

In the press, Tales and Dialogues in prose and verse. By Jefferys Taylor,