Saragossa...The Siege raised...Transactions in Catalonia...Duhesme lays Siege to Gerona... Repulsed... Lays waste the Country around Barcelona... His Rapa- city and Cruelty...Operations in the North of Spain...Battle of Cabezon, and of Medina Del Rio Seco...Retreat of King Joseph from Madrid.... 196 CHAP. XII. Erroneous Opinion of Buonaparté respecting the Spaniards...Erroneous Conduct in consequence of this...Attempt to conceal the Extent and Strength of the Spanish Insurrections from the French, German, and other Nations... Libera- tion of the Spanish Troops in the North of Germany...Military Preparations of Austria...Alarm of Buonaparte... Remonstrances and Explanations... Troops of the Confederation of the Rhine, taken into the Pay of France....Sent into France to supply the Place of the French Regiments to be sent to Spain... Interview between the Emperor of Russia and Buonaparté at Erfurth... Insurrection in Portugal...British Expedition to Portugal under the Orders Interview between the Emperor Alexander and Napoleon at Erfurth...Artful Policy of Buonaparte...Offer of a Negociation on the Part of France and Russia, for Peace with England, rejected... Establishment of a Central Junta in Spain... Their declared Principles and first Acts of Government... Relative Positions of the Grand French and Spanish Armies...Arrival of Buonaparte at Vittoria... Successive Engagements and Defeats of the Spaniards... The French enter Madrid...Enthusiasm of the Spanish Colonies in the Cause of King Fer- dinand, and of their Mother Country... Brief Retrospect of the Affairs of the Northern Powers of Europe... Italy...Turkey...East Indies.... . CHRONICLE. APPENDIX TO THE CHRONICLE. Public Income of Great Britain for the Year ended the 5th of January, 1808.... 179 An Account, showing how the Monies remaining in the Receipt of the Exche- quer on the 5th Day of January, 1807, together with the Monies paid into the same during the Year ended the 5th of January, 1808, have been actually To Public Income of Ireland, for the Year ended the 5th of January, 1808 .. 187 An Account, showing how the Monies granted for the Service of the Year 1807, have been disposed of; so far as relates to Ireland First Report from the Select Committee on the Affairs of the East-India Com- pany-Ordered to be printed 25th May, 1808 Third Report from the Committee appointed to examine and consider what Regu- lations and Checks have been established, in order to control the several Branches of the Public Expenditure in Great Britain and Ireland; and how far the same have been effectual; and what further Measures can be adopted for reducing any Part of the said Expenditure, or diminishing the Amount of Salaries and Emoluments, without Detriment to the Public Service.-Ordered List of Members of the House of Commons holding Offices, &c. with the Annual Members of the House holding Offices in Courts of Justice Revolution in Spain.---To the Supreme Junta of the Government The Supreme Junta to the Inhabitants of Madrid Letter from King Charles IV to the Emperor Napoleon••• Letter of his Majesty the Emperor to the Prince of Asturias Instructions furnished to his Excellency Don Pedro Labrador Official Dispatch from Don Pedro Cevallos to the Minister of State of the Em- Royal Decree addressed to the Supreme Council of Castile by Ferdinand 231 Letter of the King to his Father, Charles IV Letter from Charles IV to his Son Ferdinand Letter written by King Ferdinand VII to his august Father, in answer to the Note in the Hand-writing of the Queen Louisa, transmitted to the Grand Duke of Berg, by the Queen Maria Louisa.-Extracted from the Moniteur Extracts from the Official Papers respecting Russia. Presented by his Majesty's command to both Houses of Parliament, February 1, 1808 Extract of a Dispatch from the Right Honourable Lord Grenville_Leveson Gower to Mr. Secretary Canning; dated St. Petersburgh, 8th November, Letter from King Carlos IV to the Emperor Napoleon Specimens of Spanish Eloquence, inspired by Sentiments of Justice and Liberty, and Indignation against the basest Villany and most atrocious Crimes.—[Ex- tracted from the Proclamations of the Juntus and other Leaders of the Patriots Extract of a Letter from Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Wellesley, dated Head-quarters at Caldas, August 16 Convention of Cintra.-Extract of a Letter from Lieutenant-General Sir Hugh Dispatch from Sir C. Cotton, Commander-in-Chief of his Majesty's Ships and Vessels on the Coast of Portugal; dated Hibernia, off the Tagus, Sept. 3 270 Report of the Board of Inquiry. ... 272 Declaration of his Majesty's Disapprobation of the Convention of Cintra 281 Buonaparte's Speech to the Corregidor of Madrid ..... 282 285 Opinion of General Palafox. Given by Order of his Majesty Ferdinand VII (whom God preserve), in the City of Bayonne, the 29th of April, 1808. 284 Extract from the Address of his Imperial and Royal Majesty to the Legislative Answer to the foregoing .... ........ 286 .... 287 A General Bill of Christenings and Burials, from December 15, 1807, to De- Table of the Prices of Stocks for 1808 ... ... 289 290 List of the principal Public Acts passed in the Second Session of the Fourth Par- 291 STATE PAPERS. His Majesty's Speech to both Houses of Parliament, January 21 ...... 296 French Commercial Decree, signed Napoleon, and dated at the Thuilleries, .... 299 ... 303 Russian Declaration against Sweden, February 10, 1808 Russian Proclamation to the Inhabitants of Finland, February 18, 1808. 301 Swedish Declaration against Russia, March 11, 1808... Danish Declaration against Sweden, 29th of February, 1808...... Declaration of the King of Prussia against Sweden, dated Konigsberg, March 6, Proclamation of General Armfeldt, on entering Norway · · The King of Sweden's Proclamation on the Rupture of the Intercourse with Prussia. Dated Stockholm Castle, April 5th, 1808.. Decrees for raising Conscripts, and for uniting certain Countries Convention between his Majesty the King of England, &c. and Declaration of the Pope against the Usurpations of Buonaparté Spanish Declaration of War against the Emperor of France, His Britannic Majesty's Declaration to the Envoys of Asturias. of Foreign Affairs, 12th June... Proclamation of the Supreme Junta at Seville, 29th of May, 1808. Portuguese Revolution.-Edict and Proclamation, issued at Oporto 20th June, 1808 ..... .. 325 326 Sketch of Buonaparte's New Constitution for Spain. Proclamation of Peace with England, and Sweden her Ally' .... .... 333 336 ib. ...... 351 355 Proclamation issued by the Supreme Junta of Spain to the Spanish Nation.. 344 .. 365 368 CHARACTERS. 1 3 Character of the late Countess of Bath Character of William Wilkie, D.D. Professor of Natural Philosophy in the University of St. Andrews; Author of the Epigoniad; a Volume of Fables; and a Dream, in the manner of Spenser Characteristical Anecdotes of the Russian Field-Marshal Suwarrow. Translated and extracted from the Original French of a Work intituled "Précis Historique sur le célébre Feld-Maréchal Comte Suwarrow Rymnikski, Prince Italikski; par M. de Guillaumanches- Duboscage, Lieutenant-Colonel des Dragons de Kinbourne, et Officier de l'Etat-Major de l'Armé du Feld-Maréchal Suwarrow, en 1794, 1795, 1796". Portrait of Louis XVI. From the Second Volume of Picturesque Travels in Greece, by the Count Choiseul Gouffier. Translated from the Original French 13 21 The Character of the English and French compared; by a Dane; in 1727. Translated from Baron Holberg ib. State of Religious Sects and Observances, in various Parts of the World.... 27 Most prominent Features in the Character of both the Invaders and Invaded in Spanish America Indians on the Strait called the Canal of St. Barbara 38 Sufferings of the Indians of both Sexes, dragged into Captivity by the Indians of War Maxims and Measures of the Jesuits in converting, and first Intercourse between their Missioners and the Indians 40 National Character of the Turks 44 Physical Constitution, general Habits, Moral and Religious Education, and Manners of the Turks 45 Behaviour Behaviour of the Turks towards Strangers Women and Domestic Economy of the Turks Manners of the Greeks and the Boyars in Moldavia and Wallachia Character of Oliver Cromwell ... Character of General Monk ..... Character of Charles II. Character of the High Church Party in 1685 Deportment of the Earl of Argyle from the Time of his Capture to that of his Execution, 1685 A Day at Madrid Spanish Cookery Puerta del Sol, the Centre of Madrid ..... Hospitals of Madrid.-Country-Girls from Biscay.-Coffee Houses.. Of the Country and Customs of the Abyssinians NATURAL HISTORY. On some new Phenomena of Chemical Changes produced by Electricity; particularly the Decomposition of the fixed Alkalies and the Exhibition of the new Substances which constitute their Bases; and on the general Nature of Alkaline Bodies. By Humphrey Davy, Esq. Secretary, R. S. M. R. I. A. ...... 89 On the Culture of Flax. By the late Robert Somerville, Esq. of Haddington in East Lothian 96 101 On the Method of ascertaining the Value of growing Timber Trees, at different and distant Periods of Time. By Charles Waistell, of High Holborn Tables respecting the Growth of Timber .... Sympathy of the Bird Alcatraz with its Fellows in Distress ... 104 .. 107 108 Farther Instances of Reason and Moral Sentiment, or Sensation, in the inferior Animals... 109 Of the General Structure and Physiology of Plants compared with Animals 110 On the instantaneous Production of Fire, by the mere Compression of Atmospheric Air. By Frederick Accum, M. R. I. A. Operative Chemist, Lecturer on Practical Chemistry, and on Mineralogy and Pharmacy, &c. USEFUL PROJECTS. .... 120 Plan for the Relief of the West-India Planters. By Alexander Thomson, Esq. of Old Brompton, Major in the Royal York Mary-le-bone Volunteers Hints for Domestic Improvement .... On drying Articles of Manufacture, and heating Buildings, by Stcum. .. 123 ... 128 By R. ...... 131 On the Utility and Advantage of Gas Lights. By William Murdock. nicated by the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, K. B. P. R. S. Specifications of Patents .... Commu 132 135 Specification of the Patent granted to William Congreve, of Garden-court, in the |