|ganize the insurrection with impunity in the hill fastnesses, and often enabled the insurgents to take a bloody revenge on their oppressors when they entered them. Besides the Morea, Attica, and the islands of the Archipelago, the flame spread far and wide wherever the Greek tongue was spoken, or Greek feelings cherished. The Souliotes all rose in Epirus, and in conjunc lems; but, during the time required for such wholesale butchery, fifteen thousand of the better class of citizens got on board boats, and found shelter in the islands of the Archipelago. Such as could not escape in this manner, for the most part took refuge in the hotel of M. David, the French consul, whose rooms and gardens were soon filled with a weeping crowd of women and children imploring his protection with the Etolians made themselves mastion. His janizaries refused to act against their compatriots, and the doors were on the point of being burst open, when that noble-hearted man, with a single companion, placed himself in the gate-way, and at the hazard of his life, and by the mere weight of character and courage, kept the iv. 407, 408; assassins at bay till boats were got Ang which conveyed the trembling crowd 1821, 254. to the adjacent islands.1 1969 Ann. Hist. 190, 191; 27. This melancholy catalogue of disasters, which proves of what mankind are capable Massacres when their passions are let loose by in Cyprus. the remissness of government, or exeited by its policy, may be concluded with an account of the calamities of Cyprus. That celebrated island, 146 miles in length and 63 in breadth, intersected along its whole extent by a range of central mountains bearing the classic name of Olympus, deserved, if any spot in the globe did, the appellation of an earthly paradise. Its population, however, which was above a million in the time of the ancients, from the effects of Turkish oppression had sunk, when the insurrection in the Morea broke out, to seventy thousand, of whom about one-half were Christians and the other Mohammedans. Separated by a wide expanse of sea from the mainland of Greece, and blessed with a delicious climate and mild character, the Cypriots remained strangers to the movement for two months after it had elsewhere commenced. The Mussulman forces in the island were very trifling; Famagusta, so renowned in the wars of the Ottomans with the Knights of Malta, almost in ruins, was garrisoned by only three hundred regular soldiers. In the end of May, however, the massacres commenced. The Porte sent a body of troops from the neighboring provinces of Syria and Palestine, ten thousand in number, who effected the ruin of the island. Instantly on landing they spread through all the villages, and commenced an indiscriminate massacre and plunder of the Christian inhabitants. The chief towns of the island, Nicosia and Famagusta, were sacked and burnt; the metropolitan, five bishops, and thirty-six other ecclesiastics, executed; and the whole island converted into a theatre of rapine, violation, and bloodshed. The atrocities did not cease till several thousand Christians had fallen by the sabres of the Mussulmans, and 2 Gordon i. 192, 194; their wives and daughters had been Ann. Hist. conducted in triumph to the Mussuliv. 411, 413. man harems. 2 This dreadful series of atrocities, and especially the murder of the Patriarch, had 28. the effect of spreading the insurrection Universal spread of through the whole of Greece. All saw the insur- that no hope remained but in the most rection in determined resistance. The mountainous nature of the country and the en Greece. ters of the fortress of Salona, and forced the troops of the pacha to shut themselves up in Picorsa and Arta. Six thousand men were soon in arms in Thessaly; the mountaineers of Olympus responded to the signal of freedom, and the insurrection spread even into the hill districts of Macedonia. Thirty thousand hardy mountaineers rose in the peninsula of Cassandra, and laid siege to Salonica, the seat of the pacha, a city containing eighty thousand inhabitants; and though they were repulsed in the assault of that place, they took a bloody revenge on the Mussulmans when they pursued them into their hills, and attempted to force the intrenchments which guarded their mountain passes, from which the Turkish hordes recoiled with great slaughter. Meanwhile the genius of poetry, roused as in the days of Tyrtæus at the call of patriotism, made the valleys and hills resound with heart-stirring strains; and the necessities of men led to the formation of some sort of government amidst the general chaos. At Hydra a board of the principal inhabitants was formed, which soon obtained the direction of the islands: a council of military chiefs at Calamata gave something like unity to the * « Δεύτε παῖδες τῶν Ἑλλήνων.” Thus rendered by the kindred genius of Byron : 1. "SONS of the Greeks, arise! The glorious hour's gone forth, "Then manfully despising The Turkish tyrant's yoke, Oh, start again to life! At the sound of my trumpet, breaking 3. "Sparta, Sparta, why in slumbers That chief of ancient song, tire want of roads rendered it possible to or- -BYRON, iv. 219, 8vo. edit. Sons of Greeks, &c. 1 Gordon, i. 220, 248; 31. Defeat of the operations of the land forces; and at Athens Meanwhile the Ottomans, having now gaththe venerable walls of the Areopa-ered up their strength, and received gus beheld a senate established which large reinforcements, chiefly from Ann. Hist. obtained the shadow of authority the savage and fanatical tribes of insurgents at over an insurgent people.1 Asia, had completed their prepara- Galatz. tions for the suppression of the re iv. 403, 405. 29. sia against Ipsilanti. April 11. May 13. 32. But while the insurrection was thus gathering strength and acquiring consist-bellion to the north of the Danube. Three corps, Official decla- ency in Southern Greece, it received of nine or ten thousand men each, entered the ration of Rus- its death-wound in the provinces to principalities: one under the command of the the north of the Danube. The sup- Pacha of Widdin; one under the Pacha of Siport of Russia was indispensable to listria; the third under Jussuf Pacha, goverits establishment in that quarter; nor of Brahilov. All were entirely successful. for the bands of the Wallachians and Arnauts, The Pacha of Brahilov came first into action. imperfectly disciplined and inferior in number, On the 13th May he came up with a body of could never contend in the grassy plains with six thousand men, with seventeen gun-boats, at the admirable horsemen of the Osmanlis. This Galatz, and after a sharp action of some hours' support the policy of Alexander, determined by duration, in which the Turks lost a thousand terror of the Spanish and Italian revolutions, men, he cut them in pieces, seized all the gundenied them. On the 9th April the Russian boats, and, entering the town, massacred nearly consul at Jassy issued, by command of the Em- the whole of the inhabitants. Upon this defeat peror, two proclamations, which were decisive the Hetairists evacuated Jassy, 1 Ann. Hist. of his intentions regarding the insurrection. and the whole of Moldavia was re- iv. 396, 397 ; By the first, Ipsilanti and his partisans were gained to the troops of the Sultan.1 Gordon, i 110. summoned forthwith to repair to the Meanwhile Ipsilanti was actively pursued by April 11. Russian territory, to await the chas- the Pachas of Widdin and Silistria, tisement which awaited them as the disturbers to whom, after his victory at Galatz, Disasters of of the public peace, while by the second the the Pacha of Brahilov joined his Ipsilanti. whole Moldavians in arms were summoned forces. The game was no longer equal, for the forthwith to submit to the lawful authorities. Greek force was as much diminished by sickAt the same time the assemblies of Hetairists, ness and desertion as that of the enemy was which had been formed on the Pruth in Bessa- increased. In addition to this, the Turks had rabia, were ordered to be removed into the in- established a secret correspondence with the terior of Russia. Upon receipt of these procla- Arnauts, Pandours, and Wallachians, who commations, the hospodars of Wallachia waited on posed the bulk of Ipsilanti's army, and who Prince Michael Luzzo, who still held the reins were prepared on the first opportunity to pass of government, entreating him to leave their over to the enemy. Thus overmatched, the territory, which he accordingly did two days prince retired slowly before the hourly-increasafterward, taking refuge in Odessa: and a dep-ing forces of the enemy: Bucharest was abanutation was sent from the boyards doned on the 27th May, and immediate2 Ann. Hist. to Constantinople, imploring the ly occupied by the Pacha of Silistria. At IV. 389, 390. Sultan to appoint a new hospodar. length, as he could retire no further, being close Ipsilanti was in his camp at Messid, on his upon the Austrian frontier, Ipsilanti resolved march to Bucharest, when he re- to fight; and notwithstanding the great supericeived this disastrous intelligence; ority of the Ottoman forces, they would June 15. and death of but he was not discouraged. None have been defeated, and possibly the of the sovereigns of Europe," he said, Christian throne of Constantinople re-establish"will venture to declare against us. ed, had his whole troops remained faithful to Who among them will allow history to say of their colors. He had disposed his light troops them that he has abandoned Greece at the mo- in two wings, so as to envelop the enemy when ment when it was marching to defend that they advanced to the attack; and the right beautiful land against the attacks of barbarians wing, composed of Moldavians under Georghawhom civilized Europe abhors?" His follow-ki, executed their orders with intrepidity and ers received his address with loud acclamations, success; but the other wing, consisting of Arand continued their advance without interrup-nauts and Wallachians, instead of doing the tion toward Bucharest, which he reached in a same, passed over to the enemy when they ap few days, at the head of ten thousand proached; others took to flight, and the Greeks, April 12. men. From thence he continued his who stood firm, assailed on all sides, 2 Ann. Hist. march toward the west, ostensibly to rouse the were put to the rout, and driven from iv. 396, 399; Servians, but really to be near the Austrian the field, with the loss of the greater Gordon, i. frontier in case of disaster; while Theodore, part of their artillery and baggage.2 115, 117. who remained in command at Bucharest, forti- This disaster was attended with very little fied himself in the convent of Kotroczeni in its loss of life to the Greeks; but it inneighborhood, and, despairing of success, open-creased the divisions of their army, His total ly received with great distinction an envoy of discouraged the soldiers, and was defeat at the Sultan, who came to propose terms the prelude to final ruin. Having Dragaschan. April 28. of accommodation. Soon after, he aban- collected all his forces, consisting of June 19. doned Bucharest, which was entered by 4000 infantry, 2500 horse, and four guns, Ipsion the 28th, and, bending his steps lanti, who saw that nothing but decisive suctoward Ipsilanti, was by him seized cess could restore his affairs, advanced on the and publicly shot, on the 7th June, 17th toward the enemy, the vanguard of whom for his treachery to the cause of was posted in the village of DRAGASCHAN. Greece.3 dispositions were made with such ability that 30. Treachery Theodore. June 7. June 7. the Turks 3 Ann. Hist. iv. 390, 398; Gordon, i. 104, 108. May 27. 33. His the situation of the Turks in the village, on the | as they had done in those of Xerxes. With 18th, seemed hopeless; but as that day was a such vigor had the inhabitants of Hydra and Tuesday, deemed of sinister augury by the Ipsara exerted themselves, that they equipped Greeks, he deferred the attack till the follow- a large fleet of small vessels, armed with ten or ing morning. Early on the morning of the fifteen guns each, with which they had obtain19th, Casavia, who commanded Ipsilanti's ad- ed the entire command of the Archipelago, and vanced guard, commenced the attack with more made a great number of rich prizes from the vigor than discretion. The Sacred Battalion Turks. Samos, a flourishing island, containing advanced rapidly in support; but when it was forty thousand inhabitants, had declared seriously engaged, Casavia and his Arnauts for the cause of Greece, and its insurrec- May 19. fled in the most dastardly manner, leaving the tion had been followed by a general and frightful Greeks alone engaged with a greatly superior massacre of the Turkish inhabitants in retaliabody of Turkish horse. The "white turbans" tion for the cruelties exercised upon the Chriswere upon them before they had time to form tians ever since the commencement of the war. square, but, falling back into knots and little To check these incursions, which threatened to circles, they long maintained the combat with intercept the supplies of grain for the capital, the greatest resolution. At length, their am- the Turks fitted out an expedition, consisting munition being exhausted, they were nearly all of two ships of the line, three large frigates, eut to pieces, combating with heroic courage, and a number of smaller vessels, which set sail like their ancestors at Thermopyla, to the last from the Dardanelles on the 19th May. It was man. A hundred horse under George, gallop- soon met by the Greek flotilla, which, unable ing up, rescued the sacred standard and two to face the broadsides of its line-of-battle ships guns out of the hands of the enemy; but the in stand-up fight, hovered at a distance, obdestruction of the Sacred Battalion proved fa- served its motions, and made preparations by tal to the little army. Twenty-five only of its turning several of their old galleys into firenumber were saved from the sabres of the Turks, ships to effect its destruction on the first favorand escaped with Ipsilanti into Transylvania, able opportunity. Such ere long presented itwhere he met a less glorious fate than his com- self. On the 8th June, the Turkish adpanions, by being consigned to an Austrian dun-miral sent a vessel of seventy-four guns geon. He published the day after his defeat a valedictory address to his soldiers, inveighing in bitter but not unmerited terms against the treachery of which he had been the victim.* The remainder of his troops dispersed, and the insurrection in Wallachia and Moldavia 1 Ann. Hist. entirely ceased, except in guerrilla IV. 398, 400; bands, who for some time longer Gordon, i. maintained a desultory and preda120, 124. tory warfare.1 34. June 8. Had this stunning blow, which extinguished the revolt to the north of the DanNaval sue- ube, been followed by a similar suceesses of cess in Greece Proper, the insurrecthe Greeks. tion would have been entirely suppressed, and the land of Hellas might have groaned for a century longer under the Ottoman yoke. But Providence had decreed it otherwise; and a series of glorious efforts, though deeply checkered with disaster, at length effected the extrication of Greece from the hands of the barbarians. The first gleam of success, as in the days of Themistocles, came from the sea; the skill and hardihood of the sailors of the Archipelago asserted their superiority over those of Asia, in the days of Sultan Mahmoud, * "Soldiers! I can hardly bring myself to sully that honorable and sacred name by applying it to persons such as you. Henceforth every bond is severed between us; you, shades but I shall ever feel profoundly the shame of having been June 8. toward the Dardanelles, in quest of a reinforce- This success was of the utmost importance to the cause of the Greeks, not merely as 35. counterbalancing the disasters to the Bloody north of the Danube, but as giving action in them the entire command of the sea- Cydonia. a matter which has always been of the June 15. very highest importance in Hellenic warfare, as transportation by land is so difficult in its rocky territory, and the ocean is the highway leading to its numerous islands and deeply indented bays. Encouraged by their success, the Greeks, after threatening Smyrna, made a descent on the Mosconissi Islands on the 13th June, and having excited an insurrection in Aivaly, the ancient Cydonia, its chief town, containing thirty-six thousand inhabitants, a frightful conflict ensued in the streets, in the course of which fifteen hundred Turks perished, and they were driven out of the town, but not before they had set fire to and burnt it to the ground. The unfortunate inhabitants, deprived of their homes, were transported by the 1 Gordon, i. 207, 211; Ann. Hist. iv. 407, 409. On the 36. Successes of the Turks in the Mo rea. Greek flotilla to Hydra and Ipsara, where they | The Greek fire was answered by discharges augmented the number, and the recital of their from the Turkish guns, which, being placed on sufferings increased the ardor of the people.lower ground, passed over the enemies' heads. About the same time, another division of the Three times were the Turks and Albanians reGreek fleet forced the passage of the Little Dar-pulsed in their attack on the village, and Colodanelles, notwithstanding the fire of the Turkish cotroni having descended with his men on the castles; and having made their appearance in the flank of the assailants, an obstinate conflict enbay of LEPANTO, already so memorable in Chris- sued, which continued two days, and was at tian warfare, an insurrection broke out in Mis-length determined in favor of the Greeks by SOLONGHI, and Anatoliko, which hoist- the appearance of Niketas, who came up with ed the Greek flag, and was immedi- eight hundred followers by a forced march from ately followed by the defection of the Argos, and threatened to cut off the retreat of whole of Ætolia and Acarnania.1 the Turks to Tripolitza. The retreat soon turnmainland the operations of the Greeks ed into a total rout; the Greeks took two guns, were far from being equally success- and raised a trophy of four hundred Mohamme ful. Chourchid Pacha, who command- dan heads. Their own loss was only one huned the Turks engaged in the siege of dred and fifty men. Three days afterward, the Janina, where Ali Pacha, though with Turks, having issued from Tripolitza, very reduced means, still maintained were again defeated, and driven back May 31. a heroic defense, no sooner heard of the insur- into the fortress on the rocky heights, around rection in the Morea than he detached a large which the insurgents immediately took post. body of men under Jussuf Pacha, who, pene- These successes, though gained by such small trating the defiles near Corinth, which the bodies of men, were of the utmost importance, Greeks had neglected to occupy, made their as counterbalancing the moral effect of the disway to Patras, the citadel of which was still aster at Dragaschan; for had a similar defeat held by the Turks, and after relieving the gar- been experienced at that time in the Morea, the rison, fell upon the Greeks in the town, on insurrection would have been crushed. Instead whom they took a bloody revenge for the atroc- of this, the peasants now joyfully flocked to the ities committed by them on the Mussulmans standards of the Cross; twenty thousand men at the commencement of the revolu- were soon in arms in Peloponnesus; and the April 15. tion. Fifteen thousand Greeks perish- Turks, cautiously keeping on the defensive, reed on this occasion, and above twelve hundred mained shut up in their fortresses, two of which, found refuge with M. Pouqueville, the French Navarino and Napoli di Malvasia, capitconsul. So disheartened were the insurgents ulated from famine in the beginning of Aug. 9. in the interior with this disaster, that they August. The capitulation, however, was vionearly all disbanded in the centre of the Morea; lated by the fury of the Greek soldiers, who and a very little more would at that juncture broke into the towns and massacred several of have entirely crushed the insurrection in the prisoners-an atrocity which so shocked DeGreece. "I," said Colocotroni, "having with metrius Ipsilanti, brother of the generalissimo, me only ten companions, including my horse, who had come to the Morea to take the comsat down in a bush and wept." Driven to ex-mand, that he threw it up. This menace had the tremities, the Greek chiefs at length agreed to fight a last battle for the independence of their country, and for that purpose took up a position at VALTEZZA, a village situated in the hills, three hours' march to the north- Meanwhile the Turks, having collected conwest of Tripolitza, and possessing great nat- siderable forces at Salonica, had 38. ural strength. Kihaya Bey issued from Tripo- forced the passes of Cassandra, and Raising of the litza to attack them at the head of five thou-spread fire and sword through siege of Athens, sand Turks, chiefly horse, and he entertained its peaceful valleys; while large Turks in Thersuch confident hopes of success, that the sol-bodies of horse scoured all the mopyla. Aug. diers had performed military dances in the plains of Thessaly and Boeotia, 29. streets of Tripolitza, before setting out, in to- and, advancing almost without opposition, ravken of approaching victory. In truth, the situ- aged Attica, and raised the siege of the Acropoation of the Greeks was all but des- lis of Athens, after it had continued eighty-three 121; Gor- perate; for although the position days. This disaster, however, was soon after don, i. 157, they occupied was very strong, yet compensated by a brilliant success.. Odysseus, 160; Ann. it had no water, and the water-casks a brave Greek chief, after having worsted the Hist. iv. in the village were only adequate Turks in several lesser encounters, fell back on for twenty-four hours' consumption. the 6th September to the Straits of TherThe Turks approached the Greek position on mopylae (what magic in the name!) with Sept. 6. the 27th May; and the action which 2000 men, where he was attacked by three paBattle of ensued may well be dignified with the chas, who advanced from Larissa at the head Valtezza. name of a battle, for although there of 5000 Mussulmans, chiefly Asiatics. The adMay 27. were not five thousand men on each vantageous position of the Greeks, who were side, it determined the independence of Greece. posted as tirailleurs among the rocks and thickThe main body of the Greeks, supported by a ets of that celebrated defile, compensated the few guns, which were placed on entrenchments inequality of numbers and want of artillery. hastily constructed, was posted in the village; The column of the Ottomans, encumbered, like but a body of fifteen hundred light troops, un- its predecessors in the days of Xerxes, with der Colocotroni, were stationed, unknown to baggage, was slowly advancing through the the Ottomans, in the mountains on their right. bottom of the defile, when it was suddenly as 2 Lac. iii. 407, 409. 37. desired effect, and the chiefs, seeing the 1 An. Hist. necessity of establishing some sort of iv. 414, 416; government, assembled at Calamata Gordon, i. to concoct measures for its formation. 154, 162. and defeat of the Sept. 8. 39. Oct. 5. sailed by a tremendous fire of musketry from | came unserviceable. Shortly after, news aran unseen enemy. Pushed on, however, by the rived of the victory gained at Thermopyla, troops behind, the column continued to ad- and from Epirus, that Chourchid Pacha was so vance, though sustaining a heavy loss, until engaged with the siege of Janina that he was they were attacked in flank by a body of four unable to send any succors to the Morea. This hundred Greeks under Lapas. Issuing then intelligence brought a great number of recruits from their thickets, the insurgents rushed down to the standard of Colocotroni, eager to share the steep declivity, sword in hand, with loud in the spoils of Tripolitza, and he soon found eries, shouting "Victory to the Cross!" The himself at the head of ten thousand men; and shock was irresistible: panic-struck, the Turks a few battering cannon were brought from the fled on all sides, and were pursued several miles islands, and dragged by the peasants up to the with immense slaughter. Twelve hundred were plain which surrounded the fortress, but their slain on the spot, seventeen standards and seven fire did little execution, and was overmatched guns taken, and such was the consternation of by the guns of the place. Famine and disease, the Ottomans that they broke down the bridge however, soon made sad ravages among the of Alamanne in their flight to Zeitoun. crowded inhabitants in the town; and as this Two days after they were again defeated gave rise to frequent conversations about a caby Odysseus, with the loss of four hundred men pitulation, the Turkish commander, who confiand three guns; and the Turks in Attica, dently hoped to be relieved, put to death eighty Dec. 17. under Omer-Vrione, who had raised the Christian priests held as hostages in the town, siege of Athens, deprived of the expected succor, in order to convince the garrison they had no evacuated that country, and with great diffi- chance of safety but in the most determined reculty made their way by mountain paths into sistance. This severity led to a frightful re1 Gordon, i. Thessaly; and the Greeks, reoccupy- prisal, which, as usual, involved the innocent 278, 253; ing Athens, after some unsuccessful and guilty in promiscuous ruin, 1 Gordon, i. Ann. Hist. attempts at escalade, resumed the and affixed the first dark stains 237, 242;' v. 418, 419. blockade of the Acropolis. on the cause of Greek independ- Ann. Hist. This brilliant affair, which was of great im- ence.1 iv. 420, 421. portance to the Greeks, by entirely On the 5th October, while conferences beSiege of ruining the enemy's plan of the cam-tween the chiefs on the two sides 41. Tripolitza: paign, was soon after followed by were still going on, some Turkish Storm and its descrip- another of still more importance, in sentinels having, for the sake of massacre of tion. a military point of view, though not buying grapes, permitted a few Tripolitza. hallowed by such classical recollections. De- Greeks to approach the wall, the metrius Ipsilanti, who had been induced, by latter, perceiving that it was negligently guardthe formation of something like a regular gov-ed, applied scaling-ladders, and soon got to the ernment in the military council at Calamata, to top. A whole company, with Captain Kepharesume the command, found himself at the head las at its head, speedily followed, hoisted the of nearly seven thousand men after the impulse Labarum, or Christian standard, on the tower given to the cause by the battle of Valtezza, of Argos, and turned the guns planted on it on and laid siege to Tripolitza. This fortress, the town. As soon as the standard of the cross standing on a cold and naked plain elevated was seen on the walls, a tumultuous cheer rang two thousand six hundred feet above the sea, round the Christian lines, and a general rush in the very centre of the Morea, and surround- was made toward the rampart. Panic-struck, ed by peaks three thousand feet higher, was, the Turks every where left the wall, and the previous to the war, inhabited by fifteen thou- assailants got possession of some of the gates, sand persons, of whom one half were Greeks. and rushed in. A scene ensued which baffles It was surrounded by a stone wall fourteen feet all description, and forcibly recalled to mind in height, with a double row of loop-holes for the most terrible pictures of human woe which musketry, on which were planted thirty pieces the genius of antiquity has left to fascinate all of cannon. At its western extremity was a future generations of men. The wrongs and regular citadel, with bomb-proof casemates, cruelties of four centuries rose up in judgment but commanded by an eminence in its vicinity. against the Ottomans; retaliation, cruel and The population of the town was doubled by undistinguishing, was the universal passionthe reflux of Turkish families to this strong-va victis the universal cry. The conquerors, hold, when the Greeks got the command of the open country; and when the blockade began to be straitened, in the end of August, thirty thousand mouths required to be fed, though not more than eight thousand sabres and bayonets could be iv. 420, 421. relied on for a fight." The powerful cavalry of the Turks for a considerable time kept the besiegers at Progress of bay, and enabled their own horses to forage in the plain. But Colocotroni, who commanded the besieging force, having established himself in some houses Sept. 3. which commanded the pasture-grounds, the Ottoman horses were restricted to the withered herbage at the bottom of the rampart, in consequence of which they soon all died or be 2 Gordon, L 233, 235; Ann. Hist. 40. the siege. mad with vindictive rage, spared neither age nor sex; the young and the old, the armed and the unarmed, men and women, the Mohammedans and the Jews, were promiscuously massacred. The Albanians, fifteen hundred in number, retired into the court of the pacha's palace, and there claimed and obtained performance of the capitulation. They were marched out, set apart in Colocotroni's camp, and, a few days after, departed in safety to their homes. But, with this exception, the massacre was universal; flames soon broke forth in many places; the streets and houses were literally inundated with blood, and obstructed with heaps of dead bodies. The Greek chiefs in vain endeavored to restore order, the infuriated soldiery listened only to the voice of passion: the slaughter continued |