age. Destitute of all influence over the im-ty, and promised them the aid of his heart-stiragination, he will be the less able to emanci- ring songs and immense popularity; while M. pate himself from the limits within which a Thiers, Mignet, and Lareguy, put at their disconstitutional monarch must confine himself. posal the equally important contribution of His private life is free from the scandalous im- their business talent and statesmanlike experimoralities which have disgraced so many other ence. princes. He has respected himself in his wife; he has made himself respected and loved by his children." "These are mere domestic virtues, which are 13. not to be recompensed by a crown. Arguments Are you ignorant that he is openly for and accused of having approved the homagainst the Duke's be- icidal votes of his father, and assoing called to ciated himself, in the evil days of our the crown. history, with projects calculated to exclude forever from the throne the direct heirs of the unfortunate Louis, and of having preserved a mysterious attitude in London during the Hundred Days, which has given rise to strange suspicions? Since 1815 he has alternately caressed all parties, been at once the humble servant of the court and the secret fomenter of all intrigues. Louis XVIII. restored to him his vast estates; Charles X. made it a personal request to the Chambers to secure them to him by a legal and irrefragable right; he conferred upon him the title of Royal Highness,' so long coveted. Overwhelmed by gifts and kindnesses from the elder branch, how can he seize upon their inheritance? and could he even permit others to light the conflagration which must in the end consume his own family?" "It is not in the personal interest of the Ďuke, baron, but in that of the country threatened with anarchy, that I speak. I do not ask if the situation of the Duke of Orleans is painful to his own feelings, but whether his accession to the throne is desirable for France. What prince is more free from the prejudices which have occasioned the ruin of Charles X.? Blanc, Dix What prince has more openly proAns de Louis fessed liberal sentiments and to the combination which would crown him, what other is preferable?" Such, put in a dramatic form, after the manner of the ancient historians, were Project of give the ideas which at this crisis were ing the lieu- fermenting in the minds of the most tenancy-gen- influential men in France. M. de Talleyrand inclined to the opinion leans, and the of M. de Chateaubriand, which was, crown to the that the only way to reconcile the Duke of Bor- conflicting interests of order and deaux. democracy in France, would be to respect the right of the Duke of Bordeaux, who was entirely free from his grandfather's fault, and to intrust his education, with the lieuten ancy-general of the kingdom, to the experienced wisdom and popular sentiments of the Duke of Orleans. But this arrangement, which was that which honor and ultimate interest prescribed, was far from meeting the views of the journalists and literary men, who looked to the triumph of a public party as the means of gratifying private ambition, and the fall of a dynasty as the elevation of a fortune. M. Bé2 Louis Blanc, ranger, despite his strong preposi. 301, 302; Capetigue, sessions in favor of the NapoleonHist. de Louis ists, and his indignant acerbities Philippe, ii. against the Bourbons, became the 29, 31. decided partisan of the Orleans par 1 Louis Philippe, i. 298, 300. 14. eral to the Duke of Or 0 interest. By these three journalists a proclamation in favor of the Duke of Orleans was 15. drawn up, which was published in First placards the National, Courrier Français, in the Orleans and Commerce. When placarded, and distributed in and around the Bourse, it excited no enthusiasm, and was very coldly received. Meanwhile M. de Lafayette, seated on a huge arm-chair at the Hôtel de Ville, was a prey to the most cruel anxieties. The Duke de Chartres, eldest son of the Duke of Orleans, had been arrested at Montrouge, and the old general hardly knew whether to maintain his arrest or order his liberation, and after much hesitation he was prevailed on to do the latter. But meanwhile the Orleanists, presided over by M. Lafitte, were rapidly proceeding to action; they had the immense advantage over their adversaries of order, arrangement, and decision. At ten o'clock a meeting of the Orleanists took place at the hotel of M. Lafitte, when a proclamation, skillfully drawn, was agreed to, recommending the Duke of Orleans to the vacant throne, and M. Carrel was dispatched to Rouen to gain over that important city to the same interest. Shortly after, General Dubourg, on the part of the Republicans at the Hôtel de Ville, presented himself to the meeting: they refused to receive or even to see him, so rapidly had the pretensions i. 305, 306; and ideas of government advanced Ann. Hist. since the resolution to establish a 1830, 74, 75; republic had been taken!! 1 Louis Blanc, Cap. ii. 36, 37. 16. Orleans. While matters were advancing so rapidly in his favor in Paris, the Duke of Orleans remained at Neuilly with his Situation of whole family. In his immediate vi- the Duke of cinity, at Puteaux, was a body of troops, a squadron of which could with ease have made them all prisoners. But so little suspicion was entertained at that period of their fidelity, that no precaution against them was taken by the royal family, nor did a feeling of anxiety on this subject ever cross their minds. M. Lafitte, the evening before, wrote a letter mentioning that the crown was to be offered to him, and that, in case of refusal, it would be represented that it was essential to the tranquillity of the capital and the country that he should be conveyed to a place of safety in the caused the blood of the people to flow. "Charles X. can never again enter France; he has "The Republic would expose us to frightful divisions, and embroil us with all Europe. "The Duke of Orleans is a prince devoted to the cause of the Revolution. "The Duke of Orleans has never fought against us; he was at Jemappes. no "The Duke of Orleans is a citizen-king. "The Duke of Orleans carried in fire the tricolor flag; other can carry it. We will have no other. "The Duke of Orleans has not yet pronounced himself. He awaits the expression of our wishes. Let us proclaim them, and he will accept the Charter, as we have always expected and wished. It is from the French people that he will receive his crown."-LOUIS BLANC, vol. i. p. 305, 306. +Le Duc d'Orleans est à Neuilly avec toute sa famille. Près de lui a Puteaux sont les troupes royales, et il suffirait d'un ordre emané de la cour pour l'enlever à la na tion, qui peut trouver en lui un gage puissant de sa sécu i. 307, 308. 17. Interview between M. Thiers and metropolis. This note instructed his partisans in Paris in the course which they should pursue; and accordingly, soon after, M. Thiers and M. Scheffer, preceded by M. Sébastiani, arrived at Neuilly to offer the Duke the crown. He himself was absent, but they were received by the Duchess of Orleans, and history Louis Blanc, may well record the conversation which took place between them. "Sir," said the Duchess, in a voice trembling with emotion, after the purpose of his mission had been explained by M. Sheffer, "how could you underthe Duchess take such a mission? That M. of Orleans. Thiers should have charged himself with it, I can understand. He little knew us; but you, who have been admitted to our intimacy, who knew us so well-ah! we can never forgive it." Stupefied by a reception they had so little anticipated, the two envoys remained silent, and a pause ensued, during which Madame Adélaide, the Duke's sister, entered the apartment, followed by Madame de Montjoie. Penetrated with the dangers which surrounded them on all sides, and appreciating with masculine intelligence their extent, she immediately said, “Let them make my brother a president, a commander of the National Guard any thing, so as they do not make him a proscribed." “Madame," rejoined M. Thiers, “it is a throne which we come to offer him." "But what will Europe think?" rejoined the Princess. "Shall he seat himself on the throne from which Louis XVI. descended to mount the scaffold? What a panic will it strike into all royal houses! The peace of the world will be endangered." "These apprehensions, Madame," replied M. Thiers, "are natural, but they are not well founded. England, full of the recollection of the banished Stuarts, will applaud a dénouement of which her history furnished the example and the model. And as to the absolute monarchies, far from reproaching the Duke of Orleans for fixing on his head a crown floating on the storm, they will approve a step which will render his elevation a barrier against the unchained passions of the multitude. There is something great and worth saving in France; and if it is too late for legitimacy, it is not so for a constitutional throne. After all, there remains to the Duke of Orleans only a choice of danger; and, in the existing state of affairs, to fly the possible dangers of royalty is to 2 Louis Blanc, i. 309, 310. face a republic and its inevitable tempests."2 These energetic words made no impression on the Duchess of Orleans, in whose ele. vated mind the chivalrous sentiments conduct of were paramount to all considerathe Duke of tions of ambition or expedience. But Orleans. Madame Adélaide, vividly impressed with her brother's danger, was more accessible to them. "A child of Paris," she exclaimed, "I will intrust myself to the Parisians!" It rite future. On propose de se rendre chez lui au nom des autorites constituces convenablement accompagnées, et de lui offrir la couronne. S'il oppose des scrupules de famille ou de delicatesse, on lui dira que son sejour à Paris importe à la tranquillité de la capitale et de la France, et qu'on est oblige de l'y mettre en sûreté. On peut compter sur l'infaillibilite de cette mesure. On peut étre certain en outre que le Duc d'Orleans ne tardera pas à s'associer pleinement aux vœux de la nation."-LOUIS BLANC, 307, 308. 18. Irresolute 1 He Louis Blanc, i. 310, 311. 19. was agreed to send for the Duke, who had fled to Raincy; and he soon after set out, preceded by M. de Montesquiou, for Paris. Before they reached the capital, however, the Duke turned about and returned to Raincy as fast as his horses could carry him. Irresolute and timid, he had neither courage enough to seize the crown which was offered to him, nor virtue sufficient to refuse it. His life, for many years, had been passed in meditating on the crisis which had now arrived, and when it came he proved unequal to it. Temporization was his entire policy-to escape danger, by flying from it, his great object. His system was, never to appear to court popularity, but to preserve such a demeanor as might compel others to seek him, not bring him forward as seeking them. would gladly have declined the crown, if he had been sure of retaining his estates. The most powerful argument for accepting it was, that only by doing so could he save his property. The decisive moment did not appear to him to have yet arrived, and his old irresolution continued.1 Meanwhile every thing had been prepared at Paris by his partisans for the expected arrival of the Duke, and M. La- Meetings of fitte had already spread the report the Deputies that every thing was ready for his and Peers. installation; that he was the man of the age, and could alone prevent the return of despotism, and put a bridle on the passions of democracy. A meeting of the deputies took place at the Hôtel Bourbon, at which he was chosen president by acclamation. M. Hyde de Neuville was alone seen on the benches reserved for the Royalists-so completely had terror mastered all minds, and banished the most resolute cour age. The Peers, on their side, met in the Luxembourg, and their benches exhibited a fuller attendance. While the deputies were still assembled, news arrived that fifteen hundred troops from Rouen were marching on Paris, and had already reached the heights of Montmartre, which they had occupied with several pieces of cannon. Terror immediately seized every breast; and at this very moment M. de Sussy entered, bearing in his hand the last ordinances of Charles X., which recalled the former one that had excited so much animosity, and dismissed the Polignac Ministry. The alarm of M. Lafitte was evident. If read, they would have been hailed with acclamation, and at once destroyed the hopes of the Orleanists. Anxiety and irresolution were general, when the deputies sent to Neuilly returned with the account of their gracious reception by the princess. They then adopted the following resolution, which, with some difficulty, was adopted, and sent off to the Duke: "The deputies at present at Paris conceive that it is essential to pray his royal bighness the Duke of Orleans to come immediately to Paris, to exercise the functions of lieutenant-general of the kingdom, and to express the universal wish that the tricolor flag should be resumed. They feel also the necessity of assuring France, without delay, in the approaching session of the Chambers, of the adoption of such measures as may afford the 2 Louis Blanc, guarantees essential for the full i. 313, 314; and entire execution of the char- Cap. ii. 118, ter."2 120.. 20. the Cham We are Meanwhile, at the Luxembourg, more eleva- | vanity of an old man, of America, the National ted sentiments were uttered by the Guard of 1789, and the part he had borne in Meeting at few peers who in that crisis were the first Revolution. He was still descanting worthy of their dignity. Chateau- on his former services to the cause of freedom, ber of Peers. briand arrived there surrounded by when M. de Sussy was introduced with the new an enthusiastic crowd, and carried aloft by ar- ordinances of Charles X., which had been redent youths, who expected to see in the intrep-fused admittance at the Chamber of Deputies. id defender of the freedom of the press the ve- No sooner was their import disclosed by the hement assailant of the monarchy. They little veteran general, than a cry arose, knew the intrepidity and fidelity of his charac- betrayed! What! new ministers named by ter. Seated apart from his colleagues, silent and Charles X.! No, no; we are done with the contemplative, he seemed a prey to the melan- Bourbons." Such was their fury, that one of choly thoughts which oppressed him. Suddenly the Republicans, M. Bastide, flew at M. de Sushe rose up, and said, in an animated voice, "Let sy, and tried to throw him out of the window. us protest in favor of the ancient monarchy. What are you doing?" cried M. Trélat, holdIf needs be, let us leave Paris; but wherever we ing him back-" a negotiator!" Trembling for may be driven, let us save the King, and surren- the consequences, M. de Lafayette invited M. der ourselves to the trust of a courageous fidel- de Sussy to withdraw and go to the Municipal ity. Let us reflect on the liberty of the press. Council in the same edifice, which he accordIf the question comes to be the salvation of ingly did. A frightful tumult arose as he withlegitimacy, give me a pen and two months; drew, and the last words which reached his ears I will restore the throne." Vain illusion! In were, "Carry back your ordinances: we are done a few minutes the deputies of the bourgeois en- with Charles X." A proclamation 1 Louis Blanc, tered and demanded the crown for Louis Phi- was soon after read, amidst general 319, 321, lippe, and few voices were raised among the applause, which had been proposed Cap. ii. 139, peers of France in behalf of their ancient mon- at the Municipal Council, and ex- 144; Ann. archs! In a corrupted age, decay first appears pressed in clear terms the wishes of Hist. 1830, 74, 79. in the most elevated stations: if the extreme Republican party." Louis Blanc, 21. #1 23. tel de Ville. France is free: it will have a constitution. It awards to the provisional government only the right of i. 313, 314; fidelity is to be looked for, it is But while these measures were adopted by Cap. ii. 122, among those who have not been the most violent of their partisans, M. 124. exposed to their temptations.' de Lafayette was still a prey to anx- Continued But while the peers and deputies were in this iety and indecision, and he address- indecision manner disposing of the crown of ed a letter to M. de Mortemart, the at the HoReunion of France, a formidable opposition was courtesy and diplomatic ambiguity the Repub- arising among the Republicans, and of which strangely contrasted with the precilicans at the chances of success were almost sion and courage of the Republican Address.† Lointier's. equally balanced on both sides. A Meanwhile, the alarm having spread among meeting of ardent Jacobins sat in permanence the Republicans, deputations rapidly succeeded at the Restaurateur Lointier's in the Rue St. each other at the liôtel de Ville, whose veheHonoré, and they were prepared to adopt the mence and audacity differed widely from the most audacious resolutions. Knowledge, for- irresolution of the chief. Among the rest there tune, reputation, resources, all were awanting to arrived one from the scholars of the Ecole Pothem, but that was the very thing which con-lytechnique, who had distinguished themselves stituted their strength. They had arms in their hands and courage in their hearts: prepared for death, they were not less so for command. In vain Béranger and the Orleans agents strove to win them over to their side. They steadily resisted the seduction, and a ferocious debate ensued, in the course of which a pistol was discharged at an Orleanist orator, which wounded him in the check. At length the following address was agreed to, and sent by a deputation to the provisional government at the Hôtel de Ville: The people yesterday have reconquered their rights at the price of their blood. The most precious of these rights is that of choosing their form of government. It is necessary to take care that no proclamation should be sued which designs the form even of the government which may be chosen. A provisional representation of the nation exists; 2 Moniteur, Aug. 31, 1830; let it continue till the wishes of Louis Blanc, the majority of Frenchmen are i. 317, 318. known." 2 22. "Government exercised solely by the representatives of the nation. "The executive government confided to a temporary president. "The concourse, mediate or immediate, of all the citizens in the election of deputies. "The liberty of worship: no national religion. "The forces by sea and land secured against arbitrary dismissal. "The establishment of national guards over all France, and the preservation of the constitution intrusted to their arms. are willing, if necessary, to support by legal insurrection." "The principles for which we have shed our blood we is--LOUIS BLANC, vol. 1. p. 322. The deputies, after making their way through the crowd which filled the Place de Scene at the Grève, were admitted to General Hotel de Ville. Lafayette. The veteran general, who was himself undecided what course to pursue, received them with a long and studied harangue, in which he spoke, with the garrulous "I have received the letter which you did me the I honor to send me, with all the sentiments which your per- so much during the insurrection; and at their | Béranger had been very ill received by the asinstigation a proclamation was prepared, to be sembly at Lointier's. The word REPUBLIC was addressed to a regiment stationed at La Fère. heard in the saloons of the great banker. InM. Mauguin began to write it, when he was in- stantly a universal panic took place. Every terrupted by M. Odillon Barrot, who said, "Let one found some pretext for leaving the hotel. them do it; they understand it better than In a few minutes the rooms were empty; it was you." When the proclamation was written, it the counterpart of the desertion of Napoleon at was presented to General Lobau to sign, but Fontainebleau. By eleven o'clock no one rehe refused. He will sign nothing," said M. mained with Lafitte but M. Adolphe Thibaudeau Mauguin; "he has just refused to sign an order and M. Benjamin Constant. When they were for the seizure of a depôt of powder." "He about to separate, the Duke de Broglie enterrecoils, then!" exclaimed one of the deputation. ed, followed by M. Maurice Duval, but still they "Nothing is so dangerous in revolution as those could give no intelligence of the Duke. “What who recoil; I will have him shot." "Shot!" will become of us to-morrow!" said Lafitte. said M. Mauguin-" shoot a member of the pro- "We shall be hanged," replied Benvisional government!" "Sir," said the young jamin Constant, with the look and Louis Blane, man, leading him to the window, and pointing to accent of despair.1 a hundred men who had fought the preceding day at the Caserne de Babylone, "there are 1 Louis Blanc, men who, if ordered by me to shoot God Almighty, would do it!" M. Mauguin signed the proclamation in silence.1 i. 324; Sarrans, i. 124, 127. 24. of the Na i. 332, 333. Paris, and temart. This alternative, which at that juncture was more than probable, however, was 26. prevented by what soon after oc- Arrival of curred. At one in the morning, the Duke of Col. Heymès came and announced Orleans at the arrival of the Duke of Orleans at his interWhile the scales of fortune thus hung equally Paris. In effect, he had set out at view with poised at the Hôtel de Ville, the able eleven at night, on foot, from Neuilly, M. de MorEasy defeat men who directed the affairs of the disguised in a bourgeois dress, accomOrleanists, at Lafitte's, were improv-panied only by three persons similarly equipped. poleonists. ing the time to the uttermost in fur- Worn out with anxiety and fatigue, he passed thering the interests of their chief. Two young the barrier a little after midnight, and traversed men, MM. Ladvocat and Dumoulin, thought at the streets, amidst the cries of the Republicans, first of proclaiming the Empire; but Thiers and to which he was obliged to respond in order Mignet persuaded the first to desist from the at- to make his way through the throng. M. de tempt, and the latter, having gone in uniform Mortemart was introduced soon after his arrival. to the great hall in the Hôtel de Ville, was in- He found the Prince stretched on a mattress in vited to walk for consultation into an adjoining one of the apartments, bathed in sweat, undressapartment, where he was disarmed and made ed, and covered only with an old coverlid. He prisoner. The great name of Napoleon-that began immediately to protest, with the utmost name which had so lately resounded through volubility, his strong attachment and unalienthe world, and was still worshiped in secret by able fidelity to the elder branch of his family. so many hearts-was scarcely heard in those While he was still doing so, cries of "Vive le eventful days, when the crown he had worn Duc d'Orleans!" were heard in the streets. “You seemed offered as the prize of the first audacious hear that?" said M. de Mortemart; "it is you enterprise. Singular revolution in the wheel that they design." "No, no," replied the Duke of fortune, to have occurred in so short a time, with energy; “I would die rather than accept 2 Louis Blanc, and rendered still more remarkable the crown! Yesterday evening a crowd invad by what took place in after days, ed Neuilly, and asked to see me in the name of Sarrans, i. on a similar scramble for the crown the deputies. On being informed by the Duch129, 132. in the same city!" ess that I was abroad, they declared that they would take her to Paris with all her children, and keep them there prisoners till the Duke of Orleans made his appearance. The Duchess, terrified at her position, and trembling for her children, wrote me an urgent note to return as soon as possible. That letter was brought me by a faithful servant. Upon receiving it, I no longer hesitated to return to save my family, and they brought me here far on in the evening." And seizing a pen, he wrote a letter, full of protestations of fidelity, to Charles X., which M. de Mortemart inclosed in his neckcloth, and set off. It was that letter which inspired such cruel confidence in the falling monarch, and caused him to repose with fatal security on the fidelity of his insidious and vacillating kinsman. While this was passing at Paris, in the palace of the Duke of Orleans, Charles X., the Duchess de Berri, and the royal in- Cap.il. fants were on their way, at midnight, Blanc, i from St. Cloud to Trianon, bathed in 334, 335; Sarrans, i. tears, and under the escort of a slen134, 137. der detachment of the body-guard.2 At eight on the following morning, M. Sébas i. 325, 326; 25. Orleanists But while so many circumstances conspired to facilitate the ascent of the throne Panic of the by the Duke of Orleans, it was all but lost by his own timidity and ir- | at Lafitte's. resolution. Anxiously expected at the Hôtel Lafitte, where the crown was to be tendered to him, he did not make his appearance. Hour after hour elapsed after that at which the deputies had promised his arrival, and still he was not visible. Anxiety first, then alarm, was painted on every visage. Had he declined the crown? Did he want courage to seize it? These questions were present to every mind, and as evening approached, and he still did not arrive, began to be cautiously whispered in Lafitte's crowded ante-chamber. Messengers were sent to the Palais Royal, to inquire if any tidings had been received of his royal highness. They returned with intelligence that nothing was known, that he had not been heard of, and that a few domestics, in evident alarm, alone occupied the sumptuous residence. It was soon whispered that they were removing the most valuable effects from the Palais Royal, and that 164; Louis The Duke general of July 31. tiani, with a deputation, arrived at the Palais was to be found in it of a lowering of the qual27. Royal. They entered the Duke's ification of electors, of a republic, or of universapartment, contrary to all custom, al suffrage, but much of the development of inaccepts the without being announced, and stated stitutions and progressive improvement, which lieutenancy- the object of their visit, which was they well knew in reality meant nothing. Acthe kingdom. to pray the Duke to accept the lieu- cordingly, the address was extremely ill retenancy-general of the kingdom. The ceived at the Hôtel de Ville, and in all the moment was solemn; a crown or a scaffold crowded parts of the city; and one of the agents, were the alternatives which were presented. who was distributing it in the Rue Jean Jacques A stronger mind than that of the Duke of Or- Rousseau, owed his life only to the intervention leans might have quailed under the responsibil- of an armed body of the Ecole Polytechnique. ity of decision under such circumstances; and "Where was the Duke of Orleans when we his indecision was increased by the knowledge were fighting in the streets? When did he enthat Charles X., at the head of twelve thousand ter Paris? On the 30th, when the victory was men, was only a few leagues from Paris, and by gained, and it remained only to bury the dead! the efforts which the loyal spirit of the Duch- A friend of the court, his place was beside the ess had made to retain him in the path of honor King-a supporter of the people, why was he and duty. His embarrassment was visible on not at our head in the Hôtel de Ville, in the his countenance, scarcely disguised by a forced Marché des Innocents, at the Porte St. Denis, smile on his lips. For some time his indecision at the façade of the Louvre? What guarantee continued; he still strove to await the course does his address or that of the Chambers hold of events, and to gain time for them to declare out? None but a few vague phrases which in themselves: the usual resource of feeble minds reality mean nothing, and are consistent with in presence of danger. Seeing him thus irres- the most complete despotism that ever disgraced olute, and divining, perhaps, through all his humanity." Words such as these were in studied evasions, the secret wishes of the Duke, every mouth among the working classes of the the deputies assumed higher language, and citizens, and it was evident to all Louis Blanc, pointed out the dangers which threatened the that, if a government was not im- i. 341, 344: country and himself if a decision was any longer mediately established, the chances Cap. ii. 180, delayed. The Duke prayed for a few minutes were that a republic could no lon- Hist. 1830, longer, and retired to his cabinet, followed by ger be averted.1 General Sébastiani, who was immediately dispatched to M. de Talleyrand's, in the Rue Saint Florentin. Sébastiani found the "putter down and setter up of kings" dressing, and soon returned with a sealed letter, in which were written the words "Qu'il accepte." The Duke hesitated no longer, but re-entered the large saloon, and announced his acceptance of i. 337, 338; the Lieutenance-Générale, which was immediately announced in a 184; Sarrans, skillful proclamation to the inhabtants of the capital.1* 1 Louis Blanc, Cap. ii. 181, i. 90, 92. erment. The address was received with loud acclama28. tions by the Chamber; but it was M. Guizot's felt to be indispensable to publish an proclamaexposition of the principles on which tion of the the government was to be conducted, principles of the Gov- and the form which it was to assume. The duty of framing it was intrusted to the skillful hands of M. Guizot, and it was signed by ninety-one deputies. In it are to be found the leading principles of constitutional government, indeed, but enveloped in generalities very different from the clearness and precision of the Republicans at the Hôtel de Ville, and on that account more likely to occasion heats and animosity in the capital. Nothing "Inhabitants of Paris!-The Deputies of France, at this moment assembled at Paris, have expressed a wish that I should repair to that capital to exercise the functions of Lieutenant-General of the kingdom. I have not hesitated to share your danger, to place myself in the midst of that heroic population, and to make every effort to preserve you from civil war and anarchy. On entering the city of Paris, I bore with pride those glorious colors which you have resumed, and which I myself have long borne. The Chambers are about to assemble; they will consider the means of assuring the reign of the laws, and the maintenance of the rights of the nation. A charter shall henceforth be a reality. "LOUIS-PHILIPPE D'ORLEANS." -Moniteur, Aug. 1, 1830. 182; Ann. 29. Orleans to 128, 130. cause sacrée qui venait de triompher en vain dans les "Le Duc d'Orleans est dévoué à la cause nationale et "Le rétablissement de la Garde Nationale, avec l'intervention des Gardes Nationaux dans le choix des officiers. "L'intervention des citoyens dans la formation des administrations municipale et départementale. "Le Jury pour les délits de la presse. "La responsabilité légalement organisée des ministres, et des agents secondaires de l'administration. "L'état des militaires légalement assuré. "La réélection des députés promus à des fonctions publiques. Nous donnerons à nos institutions, de concert avec le chef de l'état, les développements dont elles ont besoin. "Français! Le Duc d'Orleans lui-même a parié, et son langage est celui qui convient à un pays libre. Les Chambres vont se réunir pour les détails. Elles aviseront aux moyens d'assurer le règne des lois et le maintien des droits de la nation. La charte sera désormais une vérité." l'a-Moniteur, Aug. 1, 1830; Ann. Hist., 1830, p. 174. +Français, la France est libre. Le pouvoir absolu levait son drapeau. L'héroïque population de Paris |