906'00 78.00 sioloof the Animal matter soluble in water and alcohol 1.69 Albumen combined with soda 2.10 2'10 ent in Dr. with thout Phosphate of lime, magnesia, and iron, with Loss 1'20 1.00 6:00 91 1.00 1000'00 If a mass of coagulated serum be cut into small pieces From this account of the constitution of the blood, it is According to M. Le Canu the relative proportions of the constituents of human blood to each other, as they exist in most individuals, is as follows, this table being the mean of two analyses One thousand parts of human blood contain, The relative proportion of the different constituents of the blood is constantly varying. Thus the quantity of water, according to M. Le Canu, is capable of varying in 1000 parts from 853 135, the maximum, to 778-625, the minimum. In the male, the medium quantity is 791944, in the female 821-764: the watery proportion also varies with the temperament. In the lymphatic temperament, in the male, it is 830-566; in the female, 803-716; while in the sanguineous it is, in the male, 786 584, and in the female it is 793'007. The proportion of albumen contained in 1000 parts of It is established on indubitable evidence, that the blood which maintains the life of all the other parts of the body is itself alive. The phenomena which prove this are highly interesting. 1. It is one of the distinctive properties of living bodies that they are capable of resisting, within a certain range, the ordinary influence of physical agents on inanimate matter. Air, heat, moisture, and other physical agents have not the power of decomposing the organized and living body as they have inert matter. There is a principle in the living body which resists the ordinary physical and chemical changes produced by such agents. An egg, for example, as long as it is fresh is alive, and as long as it remains alive it is capable of self-preservation under circumstances which rapidly decompose it when its vitality is extinguished. During the period of incubation the egg is kept at the heat of 103° for the space of several weeks in succession, without undergoing the slightest degree of putrefaction; if its vitality be destroyed, which may be done instantaneously by passing the electric fluid through it, it becomes putrid at that temperature in a few hours. The egg has the like power of resisting cold, which was proved in a beautiful manner by some experiments of John Hunter, so managed as to show at the same time both the power of the vital principle in resisting the physical agent, and the influence of the physical agent in diminishing the energy of the vital principle. He exposed a living egg to the temperature of 17° and 15° of Fahrenheit; it took half an hour to freeze it. When thawed and again exposed to a temperature as high as 25°, it was frozen in a quarter of an hour. A living egg, together with one that had been already once frozen and again thawed, were put into a freezing mixture at 15°; the dead egg was frozen twenty-five minutes sooner than the fresh. In the one case the undiminished vitality of the fresh egg enabled it to resist the low temperature for a long time; in the other case, in consequence of the diminished or destroyed vitality of the frozen egg, it yielded speedily to the influence of the physical agent. Now precisely analogous results were obtained in similar experiments made on the blood. On ascertaining the degree of cold and the from the blood-vessel, it was found that, as in the egg, a length of time necessary to freeze blood immediately taken much shorter time and a much less degree of cold were required to freeze blood that had previously been frozen and again thawed, than blood recently taken from a living vessel, and for precisely the same reason. In blood recently drawn from the blood-vessel, its vitality being comparatively undiminished, it is able to resist cold longer than blood the vital energy of which is already partly exhausted by exposure to the influence of the physical agent. This result is analogous to a phenomenon recently observed in the coagulation of the blood, dependent on the same principle, and placing in a striking light the influence of It has been stated that coagulation is a process of death, blood-letting in diminishing the vital energy of the blood. being the mode in which the blood dies. Accordingly it is found that coagulation is slow, that is, that the blood is longer in dying according to the vital energy of the system. with great debility, as in the typhoid types of fever, it When blood is taken from a blood-vessel in disease attended coagulates with extreme rapidity, or is even incapable of coagulating at all; when, on the contrary, it is taken in diseases attended with an exaltation of the vital energy, as in intense inflammation, it is not coagulated in triple or quadruple that space of time. The reason is obvious. But it is remarkable that even during one and the same operation of blood-letting there is a manifest difference in the time in which the blood taken at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of the operation coagulates. Blood was received from a horse at four times, about a minute and a half intervening between the filling of each cup. The same result was obtained in blood taken from a human subject. A pound and a half of blood was removed from the arm of a woman labouring under fever, a portion of which received into a teacup on the first effusion remained fluid for the space of seven minutes; a similar quantity taken immediately before tying up the arm was coagulated in three minutes, thirty seconds. These experiments demonstrate that coagulation is rapid or slow as the vital energy of the blood is exhausted or unexhausted, or that in proportion to the degree of life possessed by the blood is the space of time it takes in dying. 2. In the second place the vitality of the blood is demonstrated by another class of phenomena. If a living egg be exposed to a degree of heat equal to the temperature at which the egg is maintained during incubation, certain motions or actions are observed spontaneously to arise in it which terminate in the development of the chick. An analogous process takes place in the blood. If blood be effused from its vessels in the living body, either upon the surfaces of organs or into cavities, it solidifies without losing its vitality. This is not the same process as the coagulation of the blood out of the body; it is a vital process, indispensable to the action, and completely under the control of the vital principle. If blood thus solidified within the body be examined some time after it has changed from the fluid to the solid state, the solid is found to abound with bloodvessels. Some of these vessels can be distinctly traced passing from the surrounding living parts into the mass of solidified blood; with others of these vessels no communication whatever can be traced. Now those vessels, the origin of which cannot be traced external to the solid mass, were supposed by Mr. Hunter to be formed within it. Were this really the case, it is obvious that such a solid would commence an action terminating in its organization; an action perfectly analogous to that by which the incubated egg commences a series of movements which terminate in the development of the chick; an action never observed to take place in any body not endowed with life. This argument however is not really affected by the question as to the extrinsic or intrinsic origin of the blood-vessels. What is certain is, that a clot of blood surrounded by living parts becomes organized; what is certain is, that no dead substance thus surrounded by living parts does become organized the inference is, that the blood itself is alive. While flowing in its living vessel the blood is always maintained in a state of fluidity, in consequence of the state of repulsion both of its red and of its fibrinous particles: and the maintenance of this fluidity is indispensable to life, for the blood could not circulate, and could not divide so as to permeate through the constantly diminishing tubes of the arteries and the capillary branches of the veins, if it approached the solid state. Of the changes which the blood undergoes in health and disease (the changes of the blood in the latter case constituting its PATHOLOGY) a brief view is exhibited in the following extract from the Philosophy of Health Health and life depend on the quantity, quality, and distribution of the blood. The chief source from which the blood itself is derived is the chyle: hence too much or too little food, or too great or too little activity of the organs that digest it, may render the quantity of blood preternaturally abundant or deficient; or, though there be neither excess nor deficiency in the quantity of nourishment formed, parts of the blood which ought to be removed may be retained, or parts which ought to be retained may be removed, and hence the actual quantity in the system may be superabundant or insufficient. The relative proportion of every constituent of the blood is capable of varying; and of course in the degree in which the healthy proportion is deranged, the quality of the mass must undergo a corresponding deterioration. The watery portion is sometimes so deficient, that the mass is obviously thickened; while at other times the fluid preponderates so much over the solid constituents, that the blood is thin and watery. The albumen, the quantity of which varies considerably even in health, in disease is sometimes twice as great, and at other times is less than half its natural proportion. In some cases the fibrin preponderates so much, that the coagulum formed by the blood is exceedingly coherent, firm, and dense; in other cases the quantity of fibrin is so small, that the coagulation is imperfect, forming only a soft, loose, and tender coagulum, and in extreme cases the blood remains wholly fluid. When the vital energy of the system is great, the red particles abound; 'When the depression of the vital energy is extreme, the But though the blood be good in quality and just in (See Hunter on the Blood; Prout, Inquiry into the Origin and Properties of the Blood, in the Annals of Medicine and Surgery, vol. i. pp. 10. 133, &c.; Prevost and Dumas, Mémoire de la Soc. de Physique, &c., t. 1.; Bostock's Elements of Physiology, vol. i.; Le Canu, Nouvelles Recherches sur le Sang, in Jour. de Pharmacie, Sept. and Oct., 1833; Dr. Southwood Smith's Philosophy of Health, vol. i. chap. 6.) BLOOD, THOMAS, generally called Colonel Blood, was a native of Ireland, and an adventurer of no ordinary character. Whether he was the son of a blacksmith, or of a person in better condition who had property in iron-works, is uncertain; but he is believed to have been born about 1628. He came over to England and married the daughter of Mr. Holcraft, a Lancashire gentleman, as is supposed, in 1648. He returned afterwards to Ireland, served as a lieutenant in the parliament forces, and had a certain quantity of land assigned to him for his pay. Henry Cromwell put him into the commission for the peace. After the king's restoration, the Act of Settlement in Ireland, by affecting Blood's fortune, made him discontented beyond the common feeling of the republican party, and finding a de sign on foot for a general insurrection, which was to be begun by surprising the Castle of Dublin, and seizing the person of the Duke of Ormond, the then lord-lieutenant, he joined it, and ultimately became its leader. The conspiracy, however, which had been long suspected, was discovered upon the eve of its execution. Colonel Blood fled, but one Lackie, a minister (his brother-in-law), with various others, were apprehended, convicted, and executed. Blood remained for a while in Ireland, sometimes harboured by the Oliverians, and sometimes by the native Irish in the mountains; but he at last secured his retreat to Holland, where he is stated to have been received into intimacy by some of the most considerable persons in the republic, and particularly by Admiral de Ruyter. From Holland he came to England, and joined the Fifth Monarchy men, whose plans giving no promise of success he withdrew to Scotland, where he again joined rebellion, and was present in the action of Pentland Hills, Nov. 27th, 1666. After that defeat he fled back to England, thence to Ireland, and thence to England again, where he lived for a time in disguise, meditating revenge against the Duke of Ormond; whom he actually seized on the night of December 6th, 1670, in his coach in St. James's Street, with the intent, as was believed, of carrying him to Tyburn to hang him. When the party had got into the fields, the duke, who was tied on horseback to one of Blood's associates, by a violent effort flung himself and the assassin to the ground, and while they were struggling in the dirt, the duke's servants rescued their master. Blood had so contrived this enterprize, that, though the names of some ofriably a reddish tan, darkening gradually towards the upper his companions were known, he himself was not suspected to be concerned in it; nor, though a reward of 1000l. was offered by proclamation to discover the perpetrators of the crime, could any of the gang be apprehended. The Society of the Literary Fund are in possession of two daggers: the one used by Colonel Blood in his attack upon Edwards, the other by an accomplice. The inscriptions on the sheaths of each record the facts. They came to the society, with other residuary property, by the bequest of Mr. Thomas Newton. (See Remarks on Some Eminent Passages in the Life of the Fam'd Mr. Blood, fol. Lond. 1680; Sir Gilbert Talbot's Narrative of Blud's Attempt on the Crown in the Tower, M.S. Harl. No. 6859; Biogr. Britann., Kippis's edit. vol. ii. p. 361; and The Narrative of Colonel Thomas Blood, Concerning the Design Reported to be laid Against the Life and Honour of George, Duke of Buckingham, folio, London, 1680.) BLOOD-HOUND, the name of a hound, celebrated for its exquisite scent and unwearied perseverance, qualities which were taken advantage of, by training it not only to the pursuit of game, but to the chase of man. A true blood-hound (and the pure blood is rare) stands about eight and twenty inches in height, muscular, compact, and strong; the forehead is broad, and the face narrow towards the muzzle; the nostrils are wide and well developed; the ears are large, pendulous, and broad at the base; the aspect is serene and sagacious; the tail is long, with an upward curve when in pursuit, at which time the hound opens with a voice deep and sonorous, that may be heard down the wind for a very long distance. The colour of the true breed is stated to be almost inva parts till it becomes mixed with black on the back; the lower parts, limbs, and tail being of a lighter shade, and the muzzle tawny. Pennant adds, a black spot over each eye,' but the blood-hounds in the possession of Thomas Astle, Esq. (and they were said to have been of the original blood) had not these marks. Some, but such instances were not common, had a little white about them, such as a star in the face, &c. The better opinion is, that the original stock was a mixture of the deep-mouthed southern hound, and the powerful old English stag-hound. The miscarriage of this design put him upon one still more strange and hazardous to repair his broken fortunes. He proposed to the same desperate persons who had assisted him in the former attempt, to join him in seizing the regalia of England: he was to contrive the means, and they were to devote themselves to the service. His scheme was so well laid, and executed with so bold a spirit, that Gervase Markham, in his 'Maison Rustique,' speaking of on the 9th of May, 1671, he so far carried his point as to hounds, says, 'The baie-coloured ones have the second place get a part of the regalia (the crown and orb) into his pos- for goodnesse, and are of great courage, ventring far, and session. Blood, who had assumed the disguise of a clergy- of a quicke scent, finding out very well the turnes and windman, concealed the crown beneath his cloak, but was pur-ings. . . . . . they runne surely, and with great boldnesse, sued and taken. One of his companions, Parret, had the commonly loving the stagge more than any other beast, but orb. An authentic narrative of this affair, drawn up by they make no account of hares. It is true, that they be Sir Gilbert Talbot, then master of the jewel-house, from more head-strong and harde to reclaime than the white, and the depositions of Edwards, who was the immediate keeper put men to more paine and travaill about the same. of the jewels, and who was all but murdered on the occa- best of the fallow sort of dogges, are those which are of a sion, has furnished our historians with the particulars of this brighter haire, drawing more unto the colour of red, and transaction. having therewithall a white spot in the forehead, or in the necke, in like manner those which are all fallow: but such as incline to a light yellow colour, being graie or blacke spotted, are nothing worth: such as are trussed up and have dewclawes, are good to make bloudhounds.' Blood and his companion Parret, with another of the party of the name of Hunt, who was known to have been concerned in the attack upon the Duke of Ormond, were now committed to the Tower-gaol, where, strange to say, at the instigation of the Duke of Buckingham, then the favourite and first minister, the king himself visited him; finally pardoned him, took him into favour at court, and gave him a pension. For several years applications were constantly made to the throne through the mediation of Colonel Blood; and the indulgence shown to him became a public scandal. Rochester has the following lines in his History of Insipids : The Our ancestors soon discovered the infallibility of the bloodhound in tracing any animal, living or dead, to its resting place. To train it, the young dog accompanied by a staunch old hound was led to the spot whence a deer or other animal had been taken on for a mile or two: the hounds were then laid on and encouraged, and after hunting this 'drag' successfully, were rewarded with a portion of the venison which composed it. The next step was to take the young dog with his seasoned tutor, to a spot whence a man whose shoes had been rubbed with the blood of a deer had started on a circuit of two or three miles: during his progress the man was instructed to renew the blood from time to time, to keep the scent well alive. His circuit was gradually enlarged at each succeeding lesson, and the young hound, thus entered and trained, became, at last, fully equal to hunt by itself, either for the purposes of woodcraft, war, or following gear, as the pursuit after the property plundered in a border foray was termed. Indeed, the name of this variety of canis domesticus, to which Linnæus applied the name of Sagar, cannot be mentioned without calling up visions of feudal castles with their train of knights and warders, and all the stirring events of those old times when the best tenure was that of the strong hand. Sir Walter Scott gives a striking reality to the scene, when he makes the stark moss-trooper, William of Deloraine, who had baffled Percy's best blood-hounds,' allude to the pleasure of the chace, though he himself was the object of pursuit, in pronouncing his eulogy over Richard Musgrave, BLO with the sorrow of a warrior who had lost the stern joy afforded by a hero worthy of his steel, 'Yet rest thee God! for well I know I ne'er shall find a nobler foe. In the same Lay' there is one of the best poetical descriptions of the blood-hound in action, if not the best; for though Somerville's lines may enter more into detail, they want the vivid animation of the images brought absolutely under the eye by the power of Scott, where the noble child,' the heir of Branksome, is left alone in his terror. Starting oft, he journeyed on, And deeper in the wood is gone,- Until he heard the mountains round Ring to the baying of a hound, And hark! and hark! the deep-mouthed buk Bursts on the path a dark blood-hound, And his red eye shot fire. Soon as the wildered child saw he, He flew at him right furiouslie. I ween you would have seen with joy' The bearing of the gallant boy, When, worthy of his noble sire, His wet cheek glowed 'twixt fear and ire! And held his little bat on high; So fierce he struck, the dog, afraid, But still in act to spring; When dashed an archer through the glade, But a rough voice cried Shoot not, hoy! The sleuth stopped at Fawdon, till she stood, 'The Minstrel' concludes his story with the following ca tastrophe. The lonely tower of Gask was Wallace's place of refuge. A blast of a horn roused him at midnight. He sent out his men by two and two, but none came back. At last he was alone-and the blast became louder. Down went the hero sword in hand, and, at the gate of the tower, came full upon the headless figure of Fawdon. He fled back into the tower, tore open the boards of a window, leaped down a height of fifteen feet in his terror, and rushed tower wrapped in flame, and the dilated form of Fawdon up the river. At length, on looking back, he beheld the upon the turret holding in its gigantic hand a blazing beam.* But the knights are dust, And their good swords are rust Their souls are with the Saints we trust' and it is necessary to bring down the history of the bloodhound to our own unromantic times. Sir Walter Scott states that the breed was kept up by the Buccleuch family on their border estates till within the eighteenth century, and records the following narrative:— 'A person was alive in the memory of man who remembered a blood-hound being kept at Eldinhope, in Ettricke Forest, for whose maintenance the tenant had an allowance of meal. At that time the sheep were always watched at night. Upon one occasion, when the duty had fallen upon the narrator, then a lad, he became exhausted with fatigue, and fell asleep upon a bank, near sun-rising. Suddenly he was awakened by the tread of horses, and saw five men well mounted and armed ride briskly over the edge of the hill. They stopped and looked at the flock; but the day was too far broken to admit the chance of their carrying any of them off. One of them, in spite, leaped from his horse, and coming to the shepherd seized him by the belt he wore round his waist; and setting his foot upon his body pulled it till it broke, and carried it away with him. They rode off at the gallop; and the shepherd giving the alarm, the blood-hound was turned loose, and the people in the neigh withstanding a sharp pursuit. This circumstance serves to show how very long the license of the Borderers continued in some degree to manifest itself." Indeed, this feudal dog is frequently introduced by our poet, from his ballads, where Smaylho'me's Lady gay, woo-bourhood alarmed. The marauders, however, escaped, noting the Phantom Knight to come to her bower, in the Eve of St. John,' tells the spectre that she will chain the blood-hound, down to that grand moonlight scene in the Legend of Montrose, where Dalgetty and Ranald of the Mist are traced to their wood-girt aëry after their escape from Argyle's dungeons. The pursuit of border forayers was called the hot-trod. The 'harried' party and his friends followed the marauders with blood-hound and bugle-horn, and if his dog could trace the scent into the opposite kingdom he was entitled to pursue them thither. This, perhaps, is the last instance of an attempted 'Bor- We have only to look into history, and we shall find that moss-troopers, children of the mist, and adventurers, were not the only persons who were put to their shifts to evade the diligence of the sleuth-bratch, or blood-hound. Barbour and Henry the Minstrel relate events where personages no less than the Bruce and Wallace were the principal actors. The former gives accounts of the king's repeated escapes from such pursuits, and the wily turns' whereby he threw the hound off the scent. On one occasion he waded a bow-shot down a brook, and climbed a tree which overhung the water. Barbour well describes the wavering' of the 'sleuth-hund' 'ta and fra,' when it was thrown out by the king's stratagem, and the consequent disappointment of Jhon of Lorn. Henry the Minstrel, in a romantically wild story, relates how, after a short skirmish at Black-Erne side in which Wallace was worsted, the English followed up the retreat which he was forced to make, attended by only sixteen men, with a border blood-hound. In Gelderland there was that bratchet bred To spill blood was accordingly the sure way to stop the hound in its career; and Henry states that, upon this occasion, Wallace had been joined by Fawdon or Fadzean, an Irishman of a dark and suspicious character. During the retreat, this man refused to proceed on account of fatigue, either real or fictitious. Wallace argued with him in vain, and irritated by the delay of the retreat and the approach of the enemy, struck off his head :-when the English came up they found their hound by the dead body. † Till. • Sure, In the This noble variety is now only kept as an object of curi- • See Sir Walter Scott's notes to his Lay of the Last Minstrel,' exclaims 'the Douglas' in Marmion, for the detection of sheep-stealers. To demonstrate the Cuban Blood-hound.-The reputation which this variety has obtained for sagacity and fierceness, and the share that the terror of its name had in extinguishing the last Maroon war in Jamaica, render it an object of some interest. In 1733 these Maroons had become very troublesome, and the Assembly, among other plans for suppressing them, appointed garrisons, from whose barracks excursions were from time to time made against the insurgents. Every barrack,' says Bryan Edwards, was also furnished with a pack of dogs, provided by the churchwardens of the respective parishes, it being foreseen that these animals would prove extremely serviceable, not only in guarding against surprises in the night, but in tracking the enemy. The tiresome war went on, however, till at last articles of pacification with the Maroons of Trelawney town were concluded on the 1st of March, 1738. This alliance continued, not without frequent complaints of the conduct of the Maroons, till July, 1795, when two of these people from Trelawney town, having been found guilty by a jury of stealing some pigs, were sentenced to receive thirty-nine lashes each, and the sentence was executed. On their return to Trelawney town their account drove the Maroons into open revolt, and a bloody and successful war was waged by these savages against the whole force that the government could direct against them. At last, the Assembly, in the month of September, remembering the expedient of employing dogs previous to the treaty of 1738, resolved to send to the Island of Cuba for one hundred blood-hounds, and to engage a sufficient number of Spanish huntsmen to direct their operations. The employment, according to Edwards, to which these dogs are generally put by the Spaniards, is the pursuit of wild bullocks, which they slaughter for the hides; and the great use of the dogs is to drive the cattle from such heights and recesses in the mountainous parts of the country as are least accessible to the hunters. This determination of the Assembly was not made without some opposition. It was urged that the horrible enormities of the Spaniards in the Sportsman's Cabinet, vol, ii. p. 96. conquest of the new world would be brought again to remembrance.' 'It is mournfully true,' continues Bryan Edwards, 'that dogs were used by those Christian barbarians against the peaceful and inoffensive Americans, and the just indignation of all mankind has ever since branded, and such atrocities. It was foreseen and strongly urged as an argument against recurring to the same weapon in the present case, that the prejudices of party and the virulent zeal of faction and bigotry would place the proceedings of the Assembly on this occasion in a point of view equally odious with the conduct of Spain on the same blood-stained theatre in times past. No reasonable allowance would be made for the wide difference existing between the two cases. Some gentlemen even thought that the co-operation of dogs with British troops would give not only a cruel but also a very dastardly complexion to the proceedings of government.' In answer, it was said that the safety of the island and the lives of the inhabitants were not to be sacrificed to perverse misconstruction or wilful misrepresentation of the mother country. The use of elephants, and even of cavalry, was brought forward in support of the determination, and the doctrine laid down in Paley's Moral Philosophy, vol. ii. p. 417, that if the cause and end of war be justifiable, all the means that appear necessary to that end are justifiable also, was quoted. At length, after several delays, the commissioner, who had been despatched to the Havanna, arrived at Montego Bay on the 14th of December with forty chasseurs, or Spanish hunters, chiefly people of colour, and about 100 Spanish dogs. When these new allies were landed, the wild and formidable appearance of the men and dogs spread terror through the place. The streets were cleared, the doors were shut, not a negro ventured to stir out, as the muzzled dogs, ferociously making at every object, and dragging forward the chasseurs, who with difficulty held them in with heavy rattling chains, proceeded onwards. Dallas, in his history of the Maroons, gives the following account of their first appearance before the commander-inchief: Anxious to review the chasseurs, General Walpole left head-quarters the morning after they were landed before day-break, and arrived in a post-chaise at Seven Rivers, accompanied by Colonel Skinner, whom he appointed to conduct the intended attack. Notice of his coming having preceded him, a parade of the chasseurs was ordered; and they were taken to a distance from the house, in order to be advanced when the general alighted. On his arrival, the commissioner having paid his respects, was desired to parade them. The Spaniards soon appeared at the end of a gentle acclivity, drawn out in a line containing upwards of forty men, with their dogs in front unmuzzled, and held by cotton ropes. On receiving the command 'fire' they discharged their fusils and advanced as upon a real attack. This was intended to ascertain what effect would be produced on the dogs if engaged under a fire of the Maroons. The volley was no sooner discharged than the dogs rushed forward with the greatest fury, amid the shouts of the Spaniards, who were dragged on by them with irresistible force. Some of the dogs maddened by the shout of attack, while held back by the ropes, seized on the stocks of the guns in the hands of their keepers, and tore pieces out of them. Their impetuosity was so great that they were with difficulty stopped before they reached the general, who found it necessary to get expeditiously into the chaise from which he had alighted; and if the most strenuous exertions had not been made to stop them, they would most certainly have seized upon his horses.' This scene was well got up, and it had its effect. General Walpole was ordered to advance on the 14th of January following, with his Spanish dogs in the rear. Their fame, however, had reached the Maroons, and the general had penetrated but a short way into the woods when a supplication for mercy was brought from the enemy, and 260 of them soon afterwards surrendered on no other condition than a promise of their lives. It is pleasing to observe,' adds Bryan Edwards, that not a drop of blood was spilt after the dogs arrived in the island. The war, as is well known, terminated with the expatriation of the Maroons in June, 1796, to Halifax in North America. It is stated that these dogs, when properly trained, will not kill or harm the pursued unless they are resisted. On reaching a fugitive they bark at him till he stops, and then VOL. V.-C |