The Neolithic Revolution in the Near East: Transforming the Human LandscapeUniversity of Arizona Press, 2011/04/15 - 360 ページ One of humanity's most important milestones was the transition from hunting and gathering to food production and permanent village life. This Neolithic Revolution first occurred in the Near East, changing the way humans interacted with their environment and each other, setting the stage, ultimately, for the modern world.ÊÊÊ Ê Based on more than thirty years of fieldwork, this timely volume examines the Neolithic Revolution in the Levantine Near East and the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. Alan H. Simmons explores recent research regarding the emergence of Neolithic populations, using both environmental and theoretical contexts, and incorporates specific case studies based on his own excavations. In clear and graceful prose, Simmons traces chronological and regional differences within this land of immense environmental contrastsÑwoodland, steppe, and desert. He argues that the Neolithic Revolution can be seen in a variety of economic, demographic, and social guises and that it lacked a single common stimulus.ÊÊÊÊ Ê Each chapter includes sections on history, terminology, geographic range, specific domesticated species, the composition of early villages and households, and the development of social, symbolic, and religious behavior. Most chapters include at least one case study and conclude with a concise summary. In addition, Simmons presents a unique chapter on the island of Cyprus, where intriguing new research challenges assumptions about the impact and extent of the Neolithic.ÊÊÊÊ Ê The Neolithic Revolution in the Near East conveys the diversity of our Neolithic ancestors, providing a better understanding of the period and the new social order that arose because of it. This insightful volume will be especially useful to Near Eastern scholars and to students of archaeology and the origins of agriculture. |
目次
Thirty Years in the Trenches | 3 |
Theories on Why People Became Food Producers | 10 |
Environmental Context | 30 |
The Natufian | 46 |
A Tumultuous Time | 86 |
Courses Toward Complexity | 121 |
Megasites in Jordan and the End of the PPN | 175 |
The Pottery Neolithic and the Beginnings of Regional Cultures | 198 |
And on the Islands | 229 |
The Path to the Present | 264 |
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Abu Hureyra Aetokremnos agriculture Ain Ghazal Ain Mallaha animals Archaeology architecture areas artifacts assemblages Belfer-Cohen believes burials Byrd Çatalhöyük cattle Cauvin Çayönü ceramics cereals changes chipped stone climatic communities complex context core CPPNB cultural Cyprus domestication Early Natufian Early Neolithic East Eastern economic edited environmental Epipaleolithic EPPNB evidence excavations fauna figurines food production Garfinkel gazelle Ghwair Göbekli Gopher ground stone human indicate interpreted island Israel Jean Guilaine Jericho Jordan Valley Khiamian Khirokitia Kozłowski Kuijt and Goring-Morris Late Natufian Levantine lithic LPPNB mainland Mediterranean megasites mortuary MPPNB Mureybat Nahal Oren Negev Neolithic Revolution occupation occur Ofer Bar-Yosef Paléorient patterns Peltenburg phase plants population Pottery PPNA PPNA sites PPNB PPNC Pre-Pottery Neolithic Prehistory regional Rollefson sedentism settlements Sha'ar Hagolan Shillourokambos Simmons skulls social southern Levant structures studies suggests symbolic tion Valla villages Wadi Rabah Wadi Shu'eib wild Yarmoukian Younger Dryas zones